95 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
95 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
<document id="BF3D0E11A574A3DB11DCA1D6554865CB" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.174" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5402152" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630335968804" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Blackmon, Heath & Demuth, Jeffery P." docDate="2015" docId="03BF87D45958FFE5FE170A9514D5FAE8" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-69.1.174.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.174" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2EB3F597F2B0CC5A46E1CC6BDBBC1050.2:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.scientific_note.1cover" docStyleId="2EB3F597F2B0CC5A46E1CC6BDBBC1050" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.scientific_note.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Coleoptera KARYOTYPE DATABASE" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="FF86FFAC5959FFE4FFA70A681046FFF4" masterDocTitle="Coleoptera Karyotype Database" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="174" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1699233415587" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EEDA2C04D707EFF2E281995472129B8D">Coleoptera Karyotype Database</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8711AEAEE6A5D7C0952F38EDEA9D5345">Blackmon, Heath</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B07C25AED8ACC5FA8300C956AC5CCCE">Demuth, Jeffery P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="23425ACDBE584DE6CA628067AFF18623">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7C219DE67BF4922692BC160E46505D22">
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<mods:date id="5618B0C513687B6BD3D4BD4D6C8A6AFF">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3FE214D3FC57BDD7260E3F83DFE89B55">2015-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F659030DA9F15F92E5CB7887217E3D5C">69</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="58C3B578823C1EA88E912E1C4450F9C8">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-69.1.174</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="3579E230160E48682DE8BA0CCC25C550" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.174</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="762381A2EB95C2E6879553BF5555A93E" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF87D45958FFE5FE170A9514D5FAE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87D45958FFE5FE170A9514D5FAE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87D45958FFE5FE170A9514D5FAE8" pageId="1">
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<subSubSection id="C30C65495958FFE5FE170A9512B8FE25" pageId="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936C25958FFE5FE170A95133AFEE3" blockId="1.[432,892,253,281]" box="[432,892,253,281]" pageId="1">
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<heading id="D0E181AE5958FFE5FE170A95133AFEE3" box="[432,892,253,281]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D415958FFE5FE170A95133AFEE3" authority="KARYOTYPE DATABASE" box="[432,892,253,281]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">
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<emphasis id="B962EAD05958FFE5FE170A95133AFEE3" bold="true" box="[432,892,253,281]" pageId="1">
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COLEOPTERA KARYOTYPE
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<emphasis id="B962EAD05958FFE5FD590A95133AFEE3" bold="true" box="[766,892,253,281]" pageId="1">DATABASE</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936C25958FFE5FE1F0B3812B8FE25" blockId="1.[440,884,336,465]" pageId="1">
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HEATH BLACKMON AND JEFFERY P. DEMUTH Department of Biology University of
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at Arlington Arlington, TX 76010,
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<collectingCountry id="F30176525958FFE5FD440BC91363FE42" box="[739,805,417,438]" name="United States of America" pageId="1">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
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coleoguy@gmail.com
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30C65495958FFE5FF08085214D5FAE8" pageId="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA936C25958FFE5FF080852111CFB96" blockId="1.[151,639,570,1308]" pageId="1">
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Cytogenetic research has a long history in
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D415958FFE5FF30083D1147FD9E" box="[151,257,597,618]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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taxonomy and evolutionary biology. The last synthesis of beetle karyotypes was completed in 1978 when only 2,160 beetles had been studied (Smith and Virkki 1978). Since this compilation, the number of beetles that have been targeted by cytogenetic studies has doubled. However, karyotype records are scattered among hundreds of journal articles often with narrow taxonomic or geographic focus. This has made it difficult to analyze large-scale patterns of karyotype evolution across
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D415958FFE5FE1F09361262FC87" box="[440,548,862,883]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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or even determine what data is available for a clade. To eliminate this barrier, we created the
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D415958FFE5FD9709FB11C7FC37" authority="karyotype database" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera karyotype database</taxonomicName>
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(www.uta.edu/karyodb/). The database currently contains 4,797 records, but we envision it as a long-term repository that will be regularly updated. This will allow open access to data that were previously scattered and often available only through subscriptionbased publications.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936C25958FFE5FF080E0013F2FD6B" blockId="1.[151,639,570,1308]" lastBlockId="1.[685,1172,570,1308]" pageId="1">We store the karyotype data in an SQL database that can be queried using a dynamically updated webpage. Users generate database queries by making selections at up to three taxonomic levels (suborder, family, or genus) and or selections of up to three karyotype characters (sex chromosome system, b-chromosomes, and reproductive mode). Once a user has defined a query, it is used to produce an html table. The website also allows users to export a comma-separated text file of their results for offline analysis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936C25958FFE5FD6208CC1455FB89" blockId="1.[685,1172,570,1308]" pageId="1">
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The long history of beetle cytogenetics has led to naming conventions that describe not only the number of autosomes and the sex chromosome system but also the behavior of the sex chromosomes during meiosis (
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<tableCitation id="C69403795958FFE5FC32096713A6FCD0" box="[917,992,783,804]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[175,223,1370,1389]" captionText="Table 1. Common Coleoptera sex chromosome systems (SCS)." pageId="1">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Testes squashes are the most common method employed in beetle karyotyping, and the karyotypes reported are meioformulas. For example, a commonly reported karyotype is “9+
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<subScript id="179234875958FFE5FCF40911133CFC64" attach="left" box="[851,890,889,912]" fontSize="6" pageId="1">Xyp</subScript>
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” which indicates nine autosomes, an XY sex determination system, and that a small Y chromosome remains at a distance from the X during meiosis. Most organisms require homologous chromosomes to come together and form chiasmata to faithfully segregate the chromosomes into the gametes. However, many beetles, particularly in the suborder
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D415958FFE5FC110E5B145DFBBC" box="[950,1051,1075,1096]" pageId="1" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Polyphaga">Polyphaga</taxonomicName>
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, exhibit various forms of distance-pairing sex chromosome segregation of the sex chromosomes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936C25958FFE5FD620EEA14D5FAE8" blockId="1.[685,1172,570,1308]" pageId="1">
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In addition to variation in sex chromosomes,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D415958FFE5FD0A0EF51353FB46" box="[685,789,1181,1202]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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karyotypes also reveal abundant variation in chromosome number, with diploid number ranging 4–70. Our compilation reveals that variation in chromosome numbers among clades is highly heterogeneous. Some families, such as
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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</document> |