235 lines
24 KiB
XML
235 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="C6A8CC5E8662F7629DEBF81A171196D9" ID-CLB-Dataset="32091" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df828994-5835-4fdc-94e0-dc91decae536" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="891780" ID-ZooBank="E90C923F-7Fce-446F-868C-D347297B7354" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505462121768" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lamas, Gerardo" docDate="2017" docId="03BF87CDC11FFFF5FF32FC9DC7B4FDFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4320.2.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4320 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Haemonides candida" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="FF86FFB5C118FFFDFFA5FFE0C303FFE3" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Haemonides Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="252" updateTime="1698468530386" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE0BD92932F86ACF1B7877496DE735C3">
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<mods:title id="AA58833754CA8707AC1ABC32323BDD63">A review of the genus Haemonides Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F16B3436E1861873D8921B3E1924CCEA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A43CF26D985059731831F19552C9FA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B198BA4378F0EC4123B878736E5F4602">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5C7D34F38F3A46303474226533138ADC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C60A52A5965827EF8484A6DC34B519C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="58AA2E857A5AD8FA3FC858DF51736626">
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<mods:date id="077EDEBE26F95F965831577636E3A2DE">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D6C117946ACA51CF456CBAF8AD64D43A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="AF0F44C309F646374BDF98B241CE8597">2017-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F7268A48F125C337C345D93BCAB1F267" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C80A2821A41693627FD174A4EF5362DE">4320</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7DFB77901CA341609589E9A32F5ACE70" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="84F93FAB652C774F4D8D8031243523B8">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B46119A91172E72420E7E838556A1127">245</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AE25ADF357968BF74E752F3E6EC0BF1A">271</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="200252266310C894DFC7603403D1EC9F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C0051DAF43C1EECF4EEFDE97C57E9DF2" type="CLB-Dataset">32091</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7F9A306B54C279CA19BD374ECF4F5615" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A93A5D7C080B4A5B54D7FFC96A11FE71" type="GBIF-Dataset">df828994-5835-4fdc-94e0-dc91decae536</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E837E0B8A6A772AA784F18E4C2460C9E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF8E25C3009FD83007E0832FBFD04511" type="Zenodo-Dep">891780</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E0FABF226E2EFC6E29103D84B67AD6A1" type="ZooBank">E90C923F-7Fce-446F-868C-D347297B7354</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BF87CDC11FFFF5FF32FC9DC7B4FDFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6019780" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134089806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6019780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87CDC11FFFF5FF32FC9DC7B4FDFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87CDC11FFFF5FF32FC9DC7B4FDFB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C11FFFFAFF32FC9DC2CEFC74" box="[151,461,893,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF32FC9DC2CEFC74" blockId="7.[151,461,893,919]" box="[151,461,893,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<heading id="D0E181B7C11FFFFAFF32FC9DC2CEFC74" bold="true" box="[151,461,893,919]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C11FFFFAFF32FC9DC2CEFC74" ID-CoL="3J954" authority="(Houlbert, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,461,893,919]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF32FC9DC2CEFC74" bold="true" box="[151,461,893,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF32FC9DC3F4FC74" bold="true" box="[151,247,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">candida</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC11FFFFAFEA3FC9DC2C6FC74" author="Houlbert" box="[262,453,893,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de Castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indumant employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 13, 49 - 87, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C11FFFFAFF32FC24C778FC39" box="[151,1147,964,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF32FC24C778FC39" blockId="7.[151,1147,964,986]" box="[151,1147,964,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C11FFFFAFF32FC24C2E2FC39" ID-CoL="967HM" authority="Houlbert, 1917" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,481,964,986]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF32FC24C23DFC39" box="[151,318,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Castnia candida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC11FFFFAFEE1FC24C2E2FC39" author="Houlbert" box="[324,481,964,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" refString="Houlbert, C. (1917) Diagnoses de Castnies nouvelles et rectification de quelques noms indumant employes. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 13, 49 - 87, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1917">Houlbert, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFE4FFC24C06FFC3A" box="[490,876,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Études de Lépidoptérologie comparée</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFCD4FC24C088FC3A" bold="true" box="[881,907,964,985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">13</emphasis>
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: 77–78. (figs. 1, 9–10).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C11FFFFAFF32FBE6C154FB30" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF32FBE6C2EAFB85" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3C86C11FFFFAFF32FBE6C2EAFB85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638471451" collectingDate="1876" collectingDateMax="1908" collectingDateMin="1876" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Marc Hue" location="Marc Hue de Mathan" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF32FBE6C247FBFC" bold="true" box="[151,324,1030,1055]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C11FFFFAFF32FBE6C3D1FBFC" box="[151,210,1030,1055]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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Described from a single female collected by
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<location id="8EC96000C11FFFFAFC9EFBE7C724FBFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87CDC11FFFF5FF32FC9DC7B4FDFB:8EC96000C11FFFFAFC9EFBE7C724FBFC" box="[827,1063,1030,1055]" name="Marc Hue de Mathan" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<collectorName id="26E3530DC11FFFFAFC9EFBE7C0A9FBFD" box="[827,938,1031,1054]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Marc Hüe</collectorName>
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de Mathan
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</location>
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(
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<date id="FFA8101BC11FFFFAFB93FBE6C7B5FBFC" box="[1078,1206,1030,1055]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" value="1876" valueMax="1908">
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<collectingDate id="EFECE9F3C11FFFFAFB93FBE6C7B5FBFC" box="[1078,1206,1030,1055]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" value="1876" valueMax="1908">1876–1908</collectingDate>
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</date>
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) during the first half of 1887. This specimen is the
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C11FFFFAFE48FBCAC14CFBA0" box="[493,591,1066,1091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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by monotypy, at the time of description it was in the collection of Charles Oberthür, it is now in
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<collectionCode id="ED07AE1EC11FFFFAFE28FBAFC2E6FB85" box="[397,485,1103,1126]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">BMNH</collectionCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF62FB92C2DCFB4C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF62FB92C265FB68" bold="true" box="[199,358,1138,1163]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C11FFFFAFF62FB92C201FB68" box="[199,258,1138,1163]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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“
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC11FFFFAFED2FB93C2BEFB68" box="[375,445,1139,1163]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Pérou</collectingCountry>
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, Moyobamba”. Moyobamba is the capital of
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFC19FB93C73AFB68" box="[956,1081,1139,1163]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">San Martín</collectingRegion>
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department in northern
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC11FFFFAFAEFFB93C682FB69" box="[1354,1409,1139,1162]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Peru</collectingCountry>
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; it is situated at
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22501CC11FFFFAFE8FFB76C26AFB4C" box="[298,361,1174,1199]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" precision="925" value="-6.05">6°3’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22501CC11FFFFAFED0FB76C2D9FB4C" box="[373,474,1174,1199]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" precision="925" value="-76.96667">76°58’W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF62FB5AC154FB30" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" box="[199,599,1210,1235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF62FB5AC29DFB30" bold="true" box="[199,414,1210,1235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
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A valid species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C11FFFFAFF62FB3EC2DFFADC" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF62FB3EC2DFFADC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF62FB3EC263FB14" bold="true" box="[199,352,1246,1271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This appears to be a very rare species with most known specimens confined to
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC11FFFFAFAA1FB3FC63BFB15" box="[1284,1336,1247,1270]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(but see below). As well as the
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C11FFFFAFE30FAE3C2C6FAF8" box="[405,453,1283,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">type</typeStatus>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFDADFAE3C187FAF8" box="[520,644,1283,1307]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">San Martín</collectingRegion>
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department, we are aware of specimens from
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFB20FAE3C7FDFAF8" box="[1157,1278,1283,1307]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFAADFAE3C66EFAF8" box="[1288,1389,1283,1307]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFF32FAC7C3E1FADD" box="[151,226,1319,1342]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Loreto</collectingRegion>
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departments (fig. 42).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C11FFFF5FF62FAAAC0E7FE16" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF62FAAAC04AF9BC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFF62FAAAC24FFA80" bold="true" box="[199,332,1354,1379]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Discussion.</emphasis>
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This species only appears to be known from females, the male is unknown to science. Apart from the
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C11FFFFAFF65FA8EC226FA64" box="[192,293,1390,1415]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, there are six specimens in RW, one from Mallqui,
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFCC3FA8FC0CDFA64" box="[870,974,1391,1415]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
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, three from Iquitos,
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFB16FA8FC7FDFA65" box="[1203,1278,1391,1414]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Loreto</collectingRegion>
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and two from Pebas,
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFF42FA73C236FA49" box="[231,309,1427,1450]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Loreto</collectingRegion>
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. In MB there are three Peruvian specimens, although the provenance of all three is in doubt: one is from Rodríguez de
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFED5FA56C2D8FA2C" box="[368,475,1462,1487]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFE43FA57C15CFA2C" box="[486,607,1463,1487]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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, but
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFD36FA56C1F8FA2C" box="[659,763,1462,1487]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
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is at
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<quantity id="4CEE9B3EC11FFFFAFC93FA56C085FA2C" box="[822,902,1462,1487]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
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, so in all probability the specimen was obtained much lower and further east, in
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFE59FA3BC17FFA10" box="[508,636,1499,1523]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">San Martín</collectingRegion>
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, possibly collected by B. Calderón or one of his associates; one is from Mallqui and Büche (pers. comm.) says that he doesn’t necessarily trust the Mallqui data which came from dealers’ material; the final one is from Iquitos but the phenotype of this specimen is the Huallaga Valley one, and completely different from the other known
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFDD9F9A7C1C4F9BD" box="[636,711,1607,1630]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Loreto</collectingRegion>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF62F98AC693F8F0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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There appear to be consistent differences between all of the known specimens from along the Amazon River in
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFF32F96FC3E7F945" box="[151,228,1679,1702]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Loreto</collectingRegion>
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, and those from the Huallaga Valley, further west in
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC11FFFFAFCFBF96FC097F945" box="[862,916,1679,1702]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, which were presumably collected at higher elevations. The
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFEF6F953C29DF929" box="[339,414,1715,1738]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Loreto</collectingRegion>
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specimens consistently have a much shorter radial black band on the dorsal forewing surface and the forewing marginal band has larger white patches in it. This could potentially justify subspecific separation but due to the lack of material, and the complete absence of males, the
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFB89F91BC79DF8F1" box="[1068,1182,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">status quo</emphasis>
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is maintained herein.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFFAFF62F8FEC2DCF841" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
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With the above proviso
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C11FFFFAFE77F8FFC14DF8D5" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[466,590,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFE77F8FFC14DF8D5" box="[466,590,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">H. candida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to be phenotypically fairly stable and quite distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C11FFFFAFA8BF8FFC696F8D5" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1326,1429,1823,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFA8BF8FFC696F8D5" box="[1326,1429,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We have seen no specimens which are intermediate between the two species other than one specimen in MB which was collected in Juanjui (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B3EC11FFFFAFE16F886C135F89C" box="[435,566,1894,1919]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="200.0">200–500 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C11FFFFAFDEEF887C1C8F89C" box="[587,715,1895,1919]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">San Martín</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301764BC11FFFFAFD73F887C00EF89D" box="[726,781,1895,1918]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
; even though it has slight similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C11FFFFAFB4AF887C668F89D" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[1263,1387,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFB4AF887C668F89D" box="[1263,1387,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">H. candida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is clearly a variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C11FFFFAFED5F86BC2DBF841" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[368,472,1931,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFED5F86BC2DBF841" box="[368,472,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC11FFFF5FF62F84FC3F2FE4E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1030,2027]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
|
||
In MCLB there is a specimen putatively collected in “Santa Cruz da Serra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil” (fig. 11) which appears to be an extreme variant of this species (or possibly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C11FFFFAFC17F833C719F809" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[946,1050,2003,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C11FFFFAFC17F833C719F809" box="[946,1050,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The hindwing pattern looks like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C110FFF5FF32FF78C3F2FF53" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,241,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C110FFF5FF32FF78C3F2FF53" box="[151,241,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">candida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the forewing pattern is vaguely similar, however the anal margin, the apex and the radial band of the forewing have much more extensive black in them, in particular the radial band is much thicker and reaches the costa, this goes against one of the defining features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C110FFF5FD50FF00C04CFF1B" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[757,847,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C110FFF5FD50FF00C04CFF1B" box="[757,847,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">candida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, the wingshape is long and much more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C110FFF5FF12FEE5C3FFFEFF" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[183,252,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C110FFF5FF12FEE5C3FFFEFF" box="[183,252,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C110FFF5FEE4FEE4C298FEFF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[321,411,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C110FFF5FEE4FEE4C298FEFF" box="[321,411,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">candida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The geographic separation is unlikely as this would be the only specimen known from outside Peru. Rio de Janeiro has been heavily collected in the past so it is surprising that no other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C110FFF5FB46FEC8C66CFEA3" box="[1251,1391,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C110FFF5FB46FEC8C66CFEA3" box="[1251,1391,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Haemonides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from the state. The specimen probably has false locality data, although there is a "Santa Cruz da Serra" in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. Finding more specimens from the same region might shed better light on this enigma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC110FFF5FF62FE58C0E7FE16" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
In the past there has been some confusion over the name with some people (particularly dealers) using the name to refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C110FFF5FEF5FE3DC2B4FE17" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[336,439,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C110FFF5FEF5FE3DC2B4FE17" box="[336,439,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the two are very easily distinguishable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6550C110FFF5FF62FE1FC7B4FDFB" box="[199,1207,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC110FFF5FF62FE1FC7B4FDFB" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,1207,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C110FFF5FF62FE1FC2B3FDFB" bold="true" box="[199,432,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
All of the above mentioned specimens were examined for this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |