335 lines
34 KiB
XML
335 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="E9BB9D57A9BBCF7A773CD87FCE209FF4" ID-CLB-Dataset="32091" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df828994-5835-4fdc-94e0-dc91decae536" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="891780" ID-ZooBank="E90C923F-7Fce-446F-868C-D347297B7354" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505462121768" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lamas, Gerardo" docDate="2017" docId="03BF87CDC117FFEFFF32F9ECC701FE86" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4320.2.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4320 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Castnia emiliae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="263" masterDocId="FF86FFB5C118FFFDFFA5FFE0C303FFE3" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Haemonides Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="260" updateTime="1698468530386" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="6EE7CAE9F5F467F89BB61B1F13015641" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="029FF465B5CAD490EAC63F384A764D2B">
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<mods:title id="2916163E959B2E4B5A95D6249876B4C4">A review of the genus Haemonides Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3932E2F897ED0EF8F12E459288CA85F3" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2540DBC6FDE59C16FAB66A4D3D07B882">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D6910E28201145A0A7635C703C41E5B7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DCF0D5BBFEAC9BE5DA599367C3FEB417">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0658B97A696D7E6A674FB8CA6A9E5CED">
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<mods:date id="F93C69E30F2EF4ED8AAE6F6B03DCB293">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C61B0EFAAE9BC76C14E16B011D4127C5">2017-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="74A38BA59098A1604049DCBAE56F8C69" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1C4E52AC89401A9EDB9B1C66FDD6234E">4320</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="94EEE7D39E14E8806FBCE6CE4AC26610" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="ACFE1F63C5DA2C1A439A70695D6C3CD7">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DC29529ABA854EB52127F1981B964C56">245</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5A8E9B097484DF2488CB7A125D197368">271</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="488DCC64F4CA87B8A74767D57EAFF1DE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A25809D2F654116BEA0F313859A42725" type="CLB-Dataset">32091</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6A19AD24A5D6276FD1B9D56A753CFA07" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4320.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E3A8DB0A082E3442C030CB502E1CC995" type="GBIF-Dataset">df828994-5835-4fdc-94e0-dc91decae536</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EFE6B680C3CCDA0182B5168A3AB5EBEB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B235B20D29B6509BB74E1FB43392D51E" type="Zenodo-Dep">891780</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C6AD047F7149EDAACD6BA84C00B24DB6" type="ZooBank">E90C923F-7Fce-446F-868C-D347297B7354</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BF87CDC117FFEFFF32F9ECC701FE86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6019800" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134089809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6019800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87CDC117FFEFFF32F9ECC701FE86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87CDC117FFEFFF32F9ECC701FE86" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C117FFF2FF32F9ECC291F9C5" box="[151,402,1548,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC117FFF2FF32F9ECC291F9C5" blockId="15.[151,402,1548,1574]" box="[151,402,1548,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<heading id="D0E181B7C117FFF2FF32F9ECC291F9C5" bold="true" box="[151,402,1548,1574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C117FFF2FF32F9ECC291F9C5" authority="(Fassl, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Fassl" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,402,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C117FFF2FF32F9ECC291F9C5" bold="true" box="[151,402,1548,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C117FFF2FF32F9ECC3ECF9C5" bold="true" box="[151,239,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">emiliae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC117FFF2FF5BF9ECC289F9C5" author="Fassl" box="[254,394,1548,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" refString="Fassl, A. H. (1921) Zwei neue Castnien aus Brasilien. Entomologische Rundschau, 38 (1): 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1921">Fassl, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C117FFF2FF32F9B3C723F98B" box="[151,1056,1618,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC117FFF2FF32F9B3C723F98B" blockId="15.[151,1056,1618,1640]" box="[151,1056,1618,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C117FFF2FF32F9B3C2B0F98B" authority="Fassl, 1921" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,435,1618,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C117FFF2FF32F9B3C234F98B" box="[151,311,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Castnia emiliae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC117FFF2FE98F9B2C2B0F98B" author="Fassl" box="[317,435,1618,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" refString="Fassl, A. H. (1921) Zwei neue Castnien aus Brasilien. Entomologische Rundschau, 38 (1): 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1921">Fassl, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C117FFF2FE18F9B2C1DBF98B" box="[445,728,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Entomologische Rundschau</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C117FFF2FD7BF9B2C1F4F984" bold="true" box="[734,759,1618,1639]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">38</emphasis>
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(1): 2, fig. 2. (figs. 2, 12–13).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6550C117FFECFF32F975C043FF1B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC117FFF2FF32F975C0E6F8DD" blockId="15.[151,1437,1685,1926]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C117FFF2FF32F975C245F94D" bold="true" box="[151,326,1685,1710]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C117FFF2FF32F975C3D1F94D" box="[151,210,1685,1710]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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Described from one pair of
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C117FFF2FD28F976C1F1F94D" box="[653,754,1686,1710]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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, taken by the entomologist and botanist Dr Adolpho Ducke (
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<date id="FFA8101BC117FFF2FF3AF959C220F931" box="[159,291,1721,1746]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" value="1876" valueMax="1959">1876–1959</date>
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). At the time of description
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC117FFF2FDFAF959C1E8F931" author="Fassl" box="[607,747,1721,1746]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" refString="Fassl, A. H. (1921) Zwei neue Castnien aus Brasilien. Entomologische Rundschau, 38 (1): 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1921">Fassl (1921)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that the male was in his collection and the female was in the "Pará-Museum", the male is now in
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<collectionCode id="ED07AE1EC117FFF2FD25F93EC1DBF916" box="[640,728,1758,1781]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">BMNH</collectionCode>
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. The female should be in
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<collectionCode id="ED07AE1EC117FFF2FBA4F93EC74CF915" box="[1025,1103,1758,1782]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">MPEG</collectionCode>
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but could not be found there (Overal, pers. comm.). The species name was dedicated by Fassl to Dr. Maria Emilie Snethlage (
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<date id="FFA8101BC117FFF2FB52F8E1C679F8F9" box="[1271,1402,1793,1818]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" value="1868" valueMax="1929">1868–1929</date>
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), a naturalist, ornithologist and later Director of the
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<collectionCode id="ED07AE1EC117FFF2FD12F8C6C006F8DD" box="[695,773,1830,1854]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">MPEG</collectionCode>
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from
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<date id="FFA8101BC117FFF2FCECF8C6C0E2F8DD" box="[841,993,1830,1854]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" value="1914" valueMax="1922">1914 to 1922</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC117FFF2FF62F8A9C7FCF865" blockId="15.[151,1437,1685,1926]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C117FFF2FF62F8A9C266F881" bold="true" box="[199,357,1865,1890]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">
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<typeStatus id="54AD8879C117FFF2FF62F8A9C201F881" box="[199,258,1865,1890]" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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“nächster Nähe der Stadt Belém (
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C117FFF2FD7BF8AAC015F881" box="[734,790,1866,1890]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Pará</collectingRegion>
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)”, so very close to the city of Belém, State of
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C117FFF2FAB7F8AAC644F881" box="[1298,1351,1866,1890]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Pará</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC117FFF2FAF4F8A9C69AF881" box="[1361,1433,1865,1890]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. Belém is in north-east
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<collectingCountry id="F301764BC117FFF2FE31F88DC2DBF865" box="[404,472,1901,1926]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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about
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<quantity id="4CEE9B3EC117FFF2FD80F88DC170F865" box="[549,627,1901,1926]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" unit="km" value="100.0">100km</quantity>
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from the Atlantic coast and is situated at
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22501CC117FFF2FBE0F88EC78DF865" box="[1093,1166,1902,1926]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" precision="925" value="-1.45">1°27'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22501CC117FFF2FB3FF88EC7FFF865" box="[1178,1276,1902,1926]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" precision="925" value="-48.5">48°30'W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF696653C108FFEDFF32F90CC7D5F83A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891798/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" targetBox="[272,1353,207,1729]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="8BA936DBC108FFEDFF32F90CC7D5F83A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1772,2009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFF32F90CC259F8E1" bold="true" box="[151,346,1772,1795]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">FIGURES 53–69.</emphasis>
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Comparison of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFDB5F90CC18CF8E1" box="[528,655,1772,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFDB5F90CC18CF8E1" box="[528,655,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">Haemonides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from some locations in Peru, South America.
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFB48F90EC3F4F8C2" authority="cronis (Cramer)" authorityName="Cramer" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="cronis">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFB48F90EC698F8E0" box="[1261,1435,1774,1795]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">H. cronis cronis</emphasis>
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(Cramer)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFEA6F8EBC21FF8C3" bold="true" box="[259,284,1803,1824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">53</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFE8EF8EBC247F8C3" bold="true" box="[299,324,1803,1824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">54</emphasis>
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: ♂ and ♀,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFE19F8ECC2D6F8C2" bold="true" box="[444,469,1804,1825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">55</emphasis>
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: male genitalia, Huánuco, Peru;
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFC89F8EBC046F8C3" bold="true" box="[812,837,1803,1824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">56</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFCF1F8ECC06EF8C2" bold="true" box="[852,877,1804,1825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">57</emphasis>
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: ♂ and ♀,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFC40F8EBC0FDF8C3" bold="true" box="[997,1022,1803,1824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">58</emphasis>
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: male genitalia, Loreto, Peru;
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFA98F8ECC217F8A3" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="vinciguerrai">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFA98F8ECC217F8A3" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">H. cronis vinciguerrai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFEB9F8CAC27BF8DC" bold="true" box="[284,376,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25157B2C108FFEDFEB9F8CAC27BF8DC" box="[284,376,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" rank="subSpecies">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFEB9F8CAC277F8DC" box="[284,372,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="nov">ssp. nov</taxonomicName>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFE22F8CAC2A3F8DC" bold="true" box="[391,416,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">59</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFE0AF8CAC2CBF8DC" bold="true" box="[431,456,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">60</emphasis>
|
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: ♂ holotype ♀ paratype,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFD76F8CAC1EFF8DC" bold="true" box="[723,748,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">61</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFD5EF8CAC017F8DC" bold="true" box="[763,788,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">62</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂ paratype and ♀ paratype,
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||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFBEFF8CAC760F8DC" bold="true" box="[1098,1123,1834,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">63</emphasis>
|
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: male genitalia, Boquerón del Padre Abad, Ucayali, Peru, RW;
|
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFDA5F8A8C11AF8BE" bold="true" box="[512,537,1864,1885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">64</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFD89F8A8C146F8BE" bold="true" box="[556,581,1864,1885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">65</emphasis>
|
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: ♂ paratype and ♀ paratype, Previsto, Ucayali, Peru, MB;
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFB76F8AAC205F89E" authority="(Houlbert)" authorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronida" subSpecies="pebana">
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFB76F8AAC69FF8BD" box="[1235,1436,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">H. cronida pebana</emphasis>
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(Houlbert)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFEAAF887C22BF89F" bold="true" box="[271,296,1895,1916]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">66</emphasis>
|
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,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFE93F887C24CF89F" bold="true" box="[310,335,1895,1916]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">67</emphasis>
|
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: ♂ and ♀ syntype,
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<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFDB2F887C133F89F" bold="true" box="[535,560,1895,1916]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">68</emphasis>
|
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: male genitalia, Loreto, Peru;
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFCC2F887C083F89F" bold="true" box="[871,896,1895,1916]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">69</emphasis>
|
||
: collecting locations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFBD2F887C7F6F89E" box="[1143,1269,1895,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFBD2F887C7F6F89E" box="[1143,1269,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">Haemonides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in Peru:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFF32F867C27EF87F" box="[151,381,1927,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="vinciguerrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFF32F867C27EF87F" box="[151,381,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">H. cronis vinciguerrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFE22F866C2E7F878" bold="true" box="[391,484,1926,1947]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25157B2C108FFEDFE22F866C2E7F878" box="[391,484,1926,1947]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" rank="subSpecies">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFE22F866C2E3F878" box="[391,480,1926,1947]" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="nov">ssp. nov</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, upper black dot: Previsto, lower black dot: Boquerón del Padre Abad, Ucayali;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFA99F867C3D6F858" authority="cronis" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFA99F867C3D6F858" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">H. cronis cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, upper red dot: Loreto, lower red dot: Huánuco;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C108FFEDFD65F846C07DF859" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[704,894,1956,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronida" subSpecies="pebana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C108FFEDFD65F846C07DF859" box="[704,894,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="261">H. cronida pebana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, yellow dot: Loreto. For each genitalia: Upper figure: genital capsule, lower figure: penis: phallobase + aedeagus. Scales (adults):10 mm; (male genitalia): 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC109FFECFF62FF77C043FF1B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFF62FF77C2A3FF53" bold="true" box="[199,416,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
|
||
A valid species. Originally described by Fassl as a species and treated as such by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC109FFECFAF3FF77C3E2FF36" author="Miller" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but subsequently revised to a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFD72FF5DC03CFF37" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[727,831,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFD72FF5DC03CFF37" box="[727,831,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC109FFECFCCEFF5DC708FF36" author="Lamas" box="[875,1035,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. At the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD8879C109FFECFBC1FF5DC797FF36" box="[1124,1172,189,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality it flies with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFA24FF5DC3DFFF14" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFA24FF5DC3DFFF14" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFEB7FF01C289FF1B" box="[274,394,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFEB7FF01C289FF1B" box="[274,394,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">H. cronida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and there seem to be no intermediates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6550C109FFECFF62FEE4C1C9FDFB" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC109FFECFF62FEE4C1C9FDFB" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFF62FEE4C27BFEFE" bold="true" box="[199,376,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncus simple, pointed, blunt, sclerotised. Gnathos moderately sclerotised, excavate posteriad, slightly dentate. Ventral arm shorter than dorsal arm. Valvae lobate, setose. Saccus acute. Penis sclerotised, with aedeagus about six times longer than coecum. Aedeagus simple, slightly twisted and deeply curved. Subterminal portion of aedeagus enlarged. Contour of subterminal section of aedeagus irregular with small vesica everted, which could be a bias due to the difficulty of the vesica in everting (S. Moraes, pers. comm.). Saccus is proportionally smaller (fig. 50) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFD98FE59C1F6FE2C" authority="cronis" box="[573,757,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFD98FE59C1F6FE2C" box="[573,757,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">H. cronis cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens studied from other locations North and West of Belém (figs 44–49). The genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFD9CFE3DC1ACFE17" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1921" box="[569,687,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFD9CFE3DC1ACFE17" box="[569,687,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">H. emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFC37FE3DC0FAFE17" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[914,1017,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFC37FE3DC0FAFE17" box="[914,1017,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">H. cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Belém,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C109FFECFB33FE3CC7CBFE17" box="[1174,1224,476,500]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFB72FE3CC64BFE17" box="[1239,1352,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="cronis">
|
||
see
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFAA6FE3DC64BFE17" box="[1283,1352,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above) but definitely smaller, about half the size (fig. 50).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6550C109FFECFF62FDC4C64BFDDF" box="[199,1352,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC109FFECFF62FDC4C64BFDDF" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,1352,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFF62FDC4C263FDDE" bold="true" box="[199,352,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species appears to be confined to the area around Belém, north-east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301764BC109FFECFB3FFDC4C7DDFDDE" box="[1178,1246,548,573]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 42).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6550C109FFEFFF62FDA7C1A7FEDC" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC109FFECFF62FDA7C3EEFD13" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFF62FDA7C24FFD83" bold="true" box="[199,332,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The main difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFD38FDA8C1F3FD83" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1921" box="[669,752,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFD38FDA8C1F3FD83" box="[669,752,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFC80FDA8C069FDBC" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[805,874,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFC80FDA8C069FDBC" box="[805,874,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a reduction in the black markings in both sexes; on the male hindwings there is only a black line around the edge of the wing and the female only has small black lines coming in from this line a very short way up each vein. The black markings are also reduced on the forewings with the most obvious feature being a white patch in the middle of the black streak running along the costa (figs. 2, 12–13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF696653C109FFECFF32F901C0F4F914" box="[151,1015,1761,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC109FFECFF32F901C0F4F914" blockId="17.[151,1015,1761,1783]" box="[151,1015,1761,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFF32F901C223F915" bold="true" box="[151,288,1761,1783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">FIGURE 70.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing pattern terminology diagram for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFD0AF901C02DF914" box="[687,814,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFD0AF901C02DF914" box="[687,814,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Haemonides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species/subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC109FFEFFF62F8FEC1A7FEDC" blockId="17.[151,1436,1822,2028]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
There is a series of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFDF6F8FFC1DCF8D4" box="[595,735,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFDF6F8FFC1DCF8D4" box="[595,735,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Haemonides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in BMNH collected by the Rev. Arthur Miles-Moss (
|
||
<date id="FFA8101BC109FFECFAF1F8FFC3D1F8B8" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" value="1872" valueMax="1948">1872– 1948</date>
|
||
), which have the label data “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C109FFECFD87F8A3C159F8B8" box="[546,602,1859,1883]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
”. These specimens comprise four females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFBC0F8A3C7B8F8B8" box="[1125,1211,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFBC0F8A3C7B8F8B8" box="[1125,1211,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">cronida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two males and six females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFEBDF888C25EF89C" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[280,349,1896,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFEBDF888C25EF89C" box="[280,349,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">cronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three males and seven females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFCBBF887C072F89C" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1921" box="[798,881,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFCBBF887C072F89C" box="[798,881,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the separation seems clear cut and there are no intermediate phenotypes. Moss was based in Belém, which he called
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C109FFECFC0DF86BC0DEF840" box="[936,989,1931,1955]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
, this is evident from his writings, so all of these specimens were clearly collected in the Belém area. In his paper on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C109FFECFBE0F850C79FF824" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[1093,1180,1968,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C109FFECFBE0F850C79FF824" box="[1093,1180,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Castnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C109FFECFB6DF84FC7FEF824" box="[1224,1277,1967,1991]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B2AC109FFECFAAEF850C69FF82B" author="Moss" box="[1291,1436,1967,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" refString="Moss, A. M. (1945) The Castnia of Para, with notes on others (Lep. Castniidae). Proceedings of the royal entomological Society of London (B), 14 (3 / 4), 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1945">Moss (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated “I take these three species together. All three occur in and around
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F839C109FFECFC1AF833C0F7F808" box="[959,1012,2003,2027]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but none of them can be described as common”. He goes on to say that all three are arboreal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10AFFEFFCABFF78C72AFF53" box="[782,1065,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="263" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10AFFEFFCABFF78C076FF53" box="[782,885,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="263">Bromelia</emphasis>
|
||
(Bromeliaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeders and he bred a sample of each species. He describes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10AFFEFFE62FF5CC119FF37" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1921" box="[455,538,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10AFFEFFE62FF5CC119FF37" box="[455,538,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="263">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as being the smallest and perhaps the commonest of the three. Moss was a field worker of vast experience in the Amazon region and is unlikely to have misjudged the status of these taxa. He bred many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10AFFEFFEF2FEE4C2DDFEFE" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[343,478,260,285]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
during his stay there, unfortunately there are no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D58C10AFFEFFBA8FEE4C780FEFE" authorityName=", Moraes & Duarte" authorityYear="2014" box="[1037,1155,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
depicted in his plates of excellent larval drawings preserved in BMNH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C6550C10AFFEFFF62FEACC701FE86" box="[199,1026,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936DBC10AFFEFFF62FEACC701FE86" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,357]" box="[199,1026,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EAC9C10AFFEFFF62FEACC2B3FE86" bold="true" box="[199,432,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="263">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
5 males and 9 females were examined for this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |