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138 lines
16 KiB
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<document id="E0415668EF3AABC743DCB7B07C9DF88E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021526" ID-ZooBank="987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1730450932891" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yiu, Sam King Fung & Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5526 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Oreasteridae Fisher 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FF86FFC7260F5D436153BE46FFA14013" masterDocTitle="New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1730895091836" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:mods id="376C4D4458F1D654D2EAA660905C2289" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4203DA446F8C4FDE604FFE42A4C05CEF">
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<mods:title id="CA889C03BF1F4C1E70EE890B8BA29364">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C6203F32C2EE9D0BB1C73D06691FE633">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF40F82D660DDD4563797B1679141902">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="61154F5AFC30A2836F38FB4BDB15D00B" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="45BD450A8DD7EFA9D691FDD6D0BEF932">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FBA4E39D641DDBF066784E43946B8166" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6212-7339</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD55CCF4DDACD6ECCA5A950A4C76805F">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BF616626F431FBD3562F1D5A3D806C2" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="27BE026EB62D6D96A6DADC89B0463D81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0F97F83BE14B42EEEC5941AAF65992B6">
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<mods:date id="17260EC7D11289754274CED09FD77587">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A75C8AD1018A800A153632A6160E58A">2024-10-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2D0C20E6860F09A4EF26D2327DD69827">5526</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FC0EFAAF38E7C9EB36895AEE26EF1DAA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2E9DEC67BCEC05A22551BB8BF0BC9101" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" blockId="49.[151,539,1127,1153]" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" ID-CoL="7NK77" authority="Fisher 1908" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" bold="true" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OREASTERIDAE Fisher 1908</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BAE9FE9546F6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BAE9FB124549" blockId="49.[151,1437,1199,1765]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Five species of
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726015BAF6FE6844D9" box="[326,457,1200,1226]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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oreasterids are reported herein as opposed to the four reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7265FCBAE9FA3844D9" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1199,1433,1199,1226]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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. As discussed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D726006BA95FD9F44FD" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[341,574,1235,1262]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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and elaborated upon below, there are many doubts regarding the occurrence of several
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72605FBAB1FE0D4501" box="[268,428,1271,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72605FBAB1FED74502" box="[268,374,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Anthenea</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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as indicated. We report novel occurrences of several oreasterids from
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726592BABEFAE44501" box="[1217,1349,1272,1298]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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waters, such as
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261A7BB5DFCB24526" box="[244,787,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261A7BB5DFE4C4526" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[244,493,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">Culcita novaeguineae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7260A9BB5AFCB24526" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[506,787,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alveolatus">Pentaceraster alveolatus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726206BB5AFBF84526" box="[853,1113,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726206BB5AFBF44526" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[853,1109,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">Pentaceraster sibogae</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which are otherwise widely reported from tropical Indo-Pacific settings and from southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D72620BBB79FC3A454A" box="[856,923,1343,1369]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D726296BB79FB0E4549" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[965,1199,1343,1370]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D726194BB25FE9546F6" blockId="49.[151,1437,1199,1765]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Oreasterids undergo a significant change in appearance as they become larger. At a size range of approximately R=5.0 mm to
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<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263E5D72606BBBC1FE6C45B1" box="[312,461,1415,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 50 mm</quantity>
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, (this varies with species), many oreasterids, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72657CBBC1FB2045B2" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1836" box="[1071,1153,1415,1441]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72657CBBC1FB2045B2" box="[1071,1153,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Culcita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, possess a pentagonal to more weakly stellate, relatively planar and undecorated surface “goniasterid” like shape which changes to the more heavily armored and strongly arched form seen in large
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726241BB89FC0245FA" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1908" box="[786,931,1487,1513]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Oreasteridae</taxonomicName>
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. These smaller goniasterid-like forms can be difficult to associate with the larger body forms based purely on external appearance since intermediate characters are difficult to discern and colors change, sometimes dramatically. For example, the Atlantic
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7265E8B85EFA3D4622" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1211,1436,1559,1586]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7265E8B85EFA3D4622" box="[1211,1436,1559,1586]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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changes from a dark mottled green and brown to bright red (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D72620EB87DFBE44645" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." box="[861,1093,1595,1622]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref39474" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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Hendler
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726290B87AFC594646" box="[963,1016,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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. 1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726508B87DFAF54646" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1115,1364,1595,1621]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726508B87DFAF54646" box="[1115,1364,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the best documented of these, changing from a pentagonal goniasterid-like form to a significantly large, mound-shape (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7261CCB8C5FEC6468E" author="Kano, Y. T. & Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C." box="[159,359,1667,1694]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="323 - 236" refId="ref39951" refString="Kano, Y. T., Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C. (1991) Morphological changes of the cushion star, Culcita novaeguineae Muller et Troschel, during growth. In: Yanagisawa, T. Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N., Motokawa, T., Biology of Echinodermata. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 323 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003077565 - 74" type="book chapter" year="1991">
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Kano
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261B4B8C2FEBA468E" box="[231,283,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
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. 1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Multiple images on iNaturalist (e.g. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117293137) are potentially small forms of either
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72635BB8E1FC8B46D2" box="[520,810,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72635BB8E1FDD446D2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[520,629,1703,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Anthenea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7263D3B8E1FC8B46D2" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[640,810,1703,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Gymnanthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Gymnanthenea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72621CB8EEFC4D46D2" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[847,1004,1704,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72621CB8EEFC4D46D2" box="[847,1004,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pentaceraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but further data is required to confirm identification.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |