214 lines
25 KiB
XML
214 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="680C5520ABDAB00A7976D760ADA0DB54" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021526" ID-ZooBank="987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1730450932891" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yiu, Sam King Fung & Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03BF87BF263A5D7461C4B838FEE84175" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5526 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Culcita novaeguineae Muller & Troschel 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF86FFC7260F5D436153BE46FFA14013" masterDocTitle="New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1730451613712" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0F6DE50A495BE1264B47EE28D8901B53">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D055A4CDB3032D02DB6A33F21ED4A8D">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="429B85C1953B69A1A6907BE43557C520">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="73B8232E04CB279B03E7CE67DA96BE81" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4964F32F7FF4FDB3777E8E0E136E6789">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="059409450EB0395E0A6174DBDBCCA8CB">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C3A46C69285F07446CD2AC9ECC5AB05B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1B3547257B502304670DDB5133F637EC">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522263A5D7661C4B838FD6E468B" box="[151,719,1662,1689]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D7661C4B838FD6E468B" blockId="53.[151,719,1662,1725]" box="[151,719,1662,1689]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D0E181C5263A5D7661C4B838FD6E468B" bold="true" box="[151,719,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263A5D7661C4B838FD6E468B" ID-CoL="6C2NT" authority="Muller & Troschel 1842" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,719,1662,1689]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263A5D7661C4B838FD6E468B" bold="true" box="[151,719,1662,1689]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263A5D7661C4B838FE3E468A" bold="true" box="[151,415,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263A5D7660F5B839FD6E468B" author="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H." box="[422,719,1662,1689]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref41583" refString="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Vieweg, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp. 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11715" type="book" year="1842">Müller & Troschel 1842</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522263A5D7661C4B8E5FEF546AE" box="[151,340,1699,1725]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D7661C4B8E5FEF546AE" blockId="53.[151,719,1662,1725]" box="[151,340,1699,1725]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<figureCitation id="132D2A2C263A5D7661C4B8E5FEF546AE" box="[151,340,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[406,1181,182,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-23@54.[406,1181,181,1300]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 40. Culcita novaeguineae A. In situ showing abactinal surface. B. In situ, actinal surface. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021611/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 40A–B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522263A5D7461C4B8ACFEE84175" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D7661C4B8ACFEBF4717" blockId="53.[151,286,1770,1796]" box="[151,286,1770,1796]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263A5D7661C4B8ACFEBF4717" bold="true" box="[151,286,1770,1796]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D7661C4B975FD3C47CE" blockId="53.[151,1436,1843,2013]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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Adults of this species are immediately recognizable based on their pentagonal, thick, cushion-like body shape with body covered by variably large and small granules and tubercles covering the abactinal, marginal and actinal body surface. Smaller individuals (R<5.0 cm) show a flattened abactinal surface covered by granules and more closely resemble members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263A5D7660ECB9D9FDFF47AA" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[447,606,1951,1977]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
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. These “inflate” as they grow larger attaining their cushion-like shape as R>6.0 cm (approximately) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263A5D766083B985FD3147CE" author="Kano, Y. T. & Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C." box="[464,656,1987,2013]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="323 - 236" refId="ref39951" refString="Kano, Y. T., Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C. (1991) Morphological changes of the cushion star, Culcita novaeguineae Muller et Troschel, during growth. In: Yanagisawa, T. Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N., Motokawa, T., Biology of Echinodermata. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 323 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003077565 - 74" type="book chapter" year="1991">
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Kano
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263A5D766346B985FDEF47CE" box="[533,590,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
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1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF69662126395D7561C4BB6AFF5C457B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021611/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,250,1324,1348]" targetBox="[406,1181,182,1300]" targetPageId="54" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926395D7561C4BB6AFF5C457B" blockId="54.[151,1437,1324,1385]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D7561C4BB6AFD8D4557" bold="true" box="[151,556,1324,1348]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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FIGURE 40.
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D75607BBB6AFDAD4557" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[296,524,1324,1348]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D75607BBB6AFDAD4557" bold="true" box="[296,524,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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A.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D756360BB6BFDD54557" box="[563,628,1325,1348]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D756360BB6BFDD54557" box="[563,628,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">In situ</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing abactinal surface.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D7562C2BB6AFC094557" bold="true" box="[913,936,1324,1348]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D7562FCBB6BFC514557" box="[943,1008,1325,1348]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D7562FCBB6BFC514557" box="[943,1008,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">In situ</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, actinal surface. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926395D756194BBFCFCE0460F" blockId="54.[151,1437,1466,2033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Observed individuals were brown with dark gray to black papular regions with small white spines around the anus and white to yellow colored actinal granules and adambulacral spines along the tube foot furrow. The individual in the image was feeding on a sponge on the rock.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926395D756194B860FEE546BF" blockId="54.[151,1437,1466,2033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D756194B860FE1F4653" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[199,446,1574,1600]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D756194B860FE1F4653" box="[199,446,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a widely occurring Pacific species whose variation has been the basis for numerous synonymies across its range, as summarized in A.M. Clark (1992). Similar to other widely occurring Indo-Pacific asteroid species, such as the Crown of Thorns (
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D7563F5B828FCC4469A" box="[678,869,1646,1673]" class="Asteroidea" family="Acanthasteridae" genus="Acanthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D7563F5B828FC8C469B" box="[678,813,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Acanthaster</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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), this taxon is likely a complex, including multiple cryptic species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926395D756194B8F0FC2E470A" blockId="54.[151,1437,1466,2033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826395D756194B8F0FE7346C3" author="Glynn, P. M. & Krupp, D. A." box="[199,466,1718,1745]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="75 - 96" refId="ref38921" refString="Glynn, P. M. & Krupp, D. A. (1986) Feeding biology of a Hawaiian sea star corallivore, Culcita novaeguineae Muller & Troschel. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 96 (1), 75 - 96." type="journal article" year="1986">Glynn & Krupp (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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reported this species from Hawaiian settings as corallivores of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D7565E0B8F0FA9B46C3" authorityName="Bourne" authorityYear="1900" box="[1203,1338,1718,1744]" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Scleractinia</taxonomicName>
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, notably
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D7561C4B89CFEBC46E7" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,285,1754,1780]" class="Anthozoa" family="Pocilloporidae" genus="Pocillopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D7561C4B89CFEBC46E7" box="[151,285,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pocillopora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. No observations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D756357B89CFD5946E7" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[516,760,1754,1780]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D756357B89CFD5946E7" box="[516,760,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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predating on coral have been made from
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926395D756590B89DFAE746E6" box="[1219,1350,1755,1781]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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waters. It is unclear which coral species this species feeds upon in this area.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926395D756194B964FDF947BA" blockId="54.[151,1437,1466,2033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D756194B964FE63472F" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[199,450,1826,1852]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D756194B964FE63472F" box="[199,450,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses several faunal associates, known from observations throughout its range. For example, Britayaev & Fauchald (2005) documented the scale worm associate,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D75653FB900FAFB4773" authorityName="Britayev & Fauchald" authorityYear="2005" box="[1132,1370,1862,1888]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Asterophilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="culcitae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D75653FB900FAFB4773" box="[1132,1370,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Asterophilia culcitae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D7561C4B92DFEF94797" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,344,1899,1925]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D7561C4B92DFEF94797" box="[151,344,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. novaeguineae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926395D7560D0B92CFE474797" box="[387,486,1898,1924]" name="Vietnam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Association of the shrimp,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26395D756263B92CFBAB4797" baseAuthorityName="Lo Bianco" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[816,1034,1898,1924]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Periclimenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koror">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26395D756263B92CFBAB4797" box="[816,1034,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Periclimenes koror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was documented from the French Polynesian island Moorea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826395D75609BB9C8FDED47BA" author="Olliff, E. R. R." box="[456,588,1934,1961]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="564 - 577" refId="ref41844" refString="Olliff, E. R. R. (2013) Symbiosis of the sea star shrimp, Periclimenes soror Nobili, 1904 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), and cushion star, Culcita novaeguineae Muller & Troschel, 1842 (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Oreasteridae): host finding and benefits. Crustaceana, 86 (5), 564 - 577. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003192" type="journal article" year="2013">Olliff 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926395D756194B9F4FE1647E2" blockId="54.[151,1437,1466,2033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Although documented from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926395D756338B9F4FD0F47DF" box="[619,686,1970,1996]" name="China" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826395D756384B9F4FC1F47DE" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[727,958,1970,1997]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this documents the first occurrence of this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926395D75607FB991FE1547E2" box="[300,436,2007,2033]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926385D7461C4BED1FE6B40A2" blockId="55.[151,458,151,177]" box="[151,458,151,177]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26385D7461C4BED1FE6B40A2" bold="true" box="[151,458,151,177]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926385D7461C4BEA6FE3240E9" blockId="55.[151,1436,223,358]" box="[151,403,223,250]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426385D7461C4BEA6FE3240E9" box="[151,403,223,250]" country="Hong Kong" elevation="15" location="Hong Kong" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D7461C4BEA6FEBC40E9" box="[151,285,224,250]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26385D74607ABE99FE2E40E9" box="[297,399,223,250]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003BD19A26385D74607ABE99FE2E40E9" box="[297,399,223,250]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926385D746194BF45FEE84175" blockId="55.[151,1436,223,358]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426385D746194BF45FEE84175" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" elevation="15" location="Outside" municipality="Andaman Islands" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EC9607226385D746194BF45FEBF410E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263A5D7461C4B838FEE84175:8EC9607226385D746194BF45FEBF410E" box="[199,286,259,285]" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" municipality="Andaman Islands" name="Outside" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Outside</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D746075BF42FE0E410D" box="[294,431,260,286]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EC9607226385D7460E9BF45FD9F410E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263A5D7461C4B838FEE84175:8EC9607226385D7460E9BF45FD9F410E" box="[442,574,259,285]" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" municipality="Andaman Islands" name="Throughout" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Throughout</location>
|
||
the Indo-Pacific. Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D746224BF45FC1C410E" box="[887,957,259,285]" name="China" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC9607226385D746299BF45FB8E410E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263A5D7461C4B838FEE84175:8EC9607226385D746299BF45FB8E410E" box="[970,1071,259,285]" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" municipality="Andaman Islands" name="Southern" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Southern</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D746564BF42FBDB410D" box="[1079,1146,260,286]" name="Japan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D7465D5BF45FAA6410E" box="[1158,1287,259,285]" name="Philippines" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<location id="8EC9607226385D74646EBF45FEAD4152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263A5D7461C4B838FEE84175:8EC9607226385D74646EBF45FEAD4152" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" municipality="Andaman Islands" name="northern Australian" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">northern Australian</location>
|
||
coast,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D74600CBF61FE6E4152" box="[351,463,295,321]" name="Indonesia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D74608EBF6EFD2E4152" box="[477,655,295,322]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926385D746250BF61FC0B4152" box="[771,938,295,321]" name="Pitcairn Island" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pitcairn Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, east to the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCDACD326385D746564BF61FB5E4152" box="[1079,1279,295,321]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Andaman Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, east coast of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C84E2526385D7461C4BF0DFF404176" box="[151,225,331,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Africa</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26385D7461BEBF0DFEE44175" box="[237,325,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003BD19A26385D7461BEBF0DFEE44175" box="[237,325,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">0–30 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |