370 lines
39 KiB
XML
370 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1007/s12225-022-10019-2" approvedBy="tatia" checkinTime="1675342471759" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Cheek, Martin, Molmou, Denise, Magassouba, Sekou & Ghogue, Jean-Paul" docDate="2022" docId="03BF87BBFF9BFFDAFF6A6080F16FFB45" docLanguage="en" docName="KewBull.77.403–433.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Kew Bulletin 77 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12225-022-10019-2" docTitle="Saxicolella futa Cheek" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="424" masterDocId="FF86FFC3FF8FFFCFFFD46557F505FFF4" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects" masterLastPageNumber="433" masterPageNumber="403" pageNumber="423" updateTime="1675342474921" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cheek, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.cheek@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Molmou, Denise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbier National de Guineé, Université de Gamal Abdel Nasser, BP 680, Conakry, République de Guinée.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Magassouba, Sekou</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbier National de Guineé, Université de Gamal Abdel Nasser, BP 680, Conakry, République de Guinée.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ghogue, Jean-Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Green Connexion, PO Box 1289, Yaoundé, Cameroon & IRAD-National Herbarium of Cameroon Yaoundé, PO Box 1601, Yaoundé, Cameroon.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Kew Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>77</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>403</mods:start>
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<mods:end>433</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12225-022-10019-2</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1007/s12225-022-10019-2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BBFF9BFFDAFF6A6080F16FFB45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BBFF9BFFDAFF6A6080F16FFB45" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<subSubSection box="[190,603,1494,1516]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="20.[189,783,1494,1639]" box="[190,603,1494,1516]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[190,210,1495,1516]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Cheek" authorityName="Cheek" box="[228,488,1494,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Saxicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[228,413,1494,1516]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Saxicolella futa</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[430,488,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Cheek</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[505,603,1495,1516]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[189,783,1494,1639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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Type:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-18" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Cheek" country="Guinea-Bissau" elevation="877" location="Futa Djalon" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" specimenCode="K000592222" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moyenne" typeStatus="holotype">
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Guinée (
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<collectingCountry box="[197,458,1525,1547]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Republic of Guinea</collectingCountry>
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), Guinée
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<collectingRegion box="[596,706,1525,1547]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Moyenne</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BBFF9BFFDAFF6A6080F16FFB45:8EC96076FF9BFFDBFD0860A1F40CF9DE" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Futa Djalon" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" stateProvince="Moyenne">Futa Djalon</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BBFF9BFFDAFF6A6080F16FFB45:8EC96076FF9BFFDBFEC86343F450F9DE" box="[284,341,1556,1578]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Labe" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" stateProvince="Moyenne">Labé</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BBFF9BFFDAFF6A6080F16FFB45:8EC96076FF9BFFDBFEBC6343F72FF9DE" box="[360,554,1556,1578]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Chutes de Salaa" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" stateProvince="Moyenne">Chutes de Salaa</location>
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,
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<quantity box="[572,648,1556,1577]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.77" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" unit="m" value="877.0">
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<elevation box="[572,648,1556,1577]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.77" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" unit="m" value="877.0">877 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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alt., fr.
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<date pageId="20" pageNumber="423" value="2018-01-18">
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<collectingDate pageId="20" pageNumber="423" value="2018-01-18">18 Jan. 2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis box="[317,374,1586,1607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<collectorName box="[317,374,1586,1607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Cheek</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
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18973 (
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<typeStatus box="[474,575,1586,1608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode box="[588,605,1587,1608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">K</collectionCode>
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[
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<specimenCode box="[624,772,1586,1608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">K000592222</specimenCode>
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];
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation box="[189,352,1617,1639]" collectingDate="2018-01-18" collectionCode="HNG" collectorName="Cheek" country="Guinea-Bissau" elevation="877" location="Futa Djalon" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" specimenCode="K000592222" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moyenne" typeStatus="isotype">
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<typeStatus box="[189,266,1617,1639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">isotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode box="[277,340,1617,1639]" collectionName="HNG" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">HNG</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[189,776,1678,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="20.[189,776,1678,1700]" box="[189,776,1678,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77297288-1</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[190,729,1739,1761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[190,729,1739,1761]" box="[190,729,1739,1761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[190,729,1739,1761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<taxonomicName box="[190,341,1739,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Sapicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
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<emphasis box="[190,341,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Sapicolella futa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ined.
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<treatmentCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G. & Cable, S. & Fischer, E. & Haba, P. & Lebbie, A. & Luke, Q. & Macassouba, S. & Ncolan, R. & Williams, S. & Challen, G. & Lebbie, A. & B anks, H. & B arberx, P. & Riina, R. & Etuce M. & Williams S. A. & Feika, A. & Lebbie, A. & Goyder, D. & Tchiencue, B. & Sene, O. & Tchouto, P. & van der B urct, X. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Haba, P. K. & Cisse, S. & ____ & Konomou, G. & van der B urct, X. M. & Harvey, Y. B. & Onana, J-M. & Mackinder, B. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Achoundonc, G. & Macassouba, S. & Howes, M. R. & Dore, T. & Doumbouya, S. & Molmou, D. & Grall, A. & Couch, C. & Larridon, I. & Molmou, D. & Dore, T. S. & Couch, C. & Yasuda, S. & Gore, C. & Guest, A. & Grall, A. & Larridon, I. & B ousquet, I. H. & Ganatra, B. & Gosline, G. & Molmou, D. & Jennincs, L. & Macassouba, S. & van der B urct, X." box="[413,669,1739,1761]" page="171" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" year="2019">
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<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G. & Cable, S. & Fischer, E. & Haba, P. & Lebbie, A. & Luke, Q. & Macassouba, S. & Ncolan, R. & Williams, S. & Challen, G. & Lebbie, A. & B anks, H. & B arberx, P. & Riina, R. & Etuce M. & Williams S. A. & Feika, A. & Lebbie, A. & Goyder, D. & Tchiencue, B. & Sene, O. & Tchouto, P. & van der B urct, X. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Haba, P. K. & Cisse, S. & ____ & Konomou, G. & van der B urct, X. M. & Harvey, Y. B. & Onana, J-M. & Mackinder, B. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Achoundonc, G. & Macassouba, S. & Howes, M. R. & Dore, T. & Doumbouya, S. & Molmou, D. & Grall, A. & Couch, C. & Larridon, I. & Molmou, D. & Dore, T. S. & Couch, C. & Yasuda, S. & Gore, C. & Guest, A. & Grall, A. & Larridon, I. & B ousquet, I. H. & Ganatra, B. & Gosline, G. & Molmou, D. & Jennincs, L. & Macassouba, S. & van der B urct, X." box="[413,669,1739,1761]" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" pagination="216 - 223" part="63" refId="ref25210" refString="____, Molmou, D., Jennincs, L., Macassouba, S. & van der B urct, X. (2019 a). Inversodicraea koukoutamba and I. tassing (Podostemaceae), new waterfall species from Guinea, West Africa. Blumea 63: 216 - 223. https: // doi. orc / 10.2767 / blumea. 2019.63.02.02" title="Inversodicraea koukoutamba and I. tassing (Podostemaceae), new waterfall species from Guinea, West Africa" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Couch
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<emphasis box="[493,544,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">et al.</emphasis>
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(2019: 171
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 213)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[843,1437,201,1048]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis box="[844,971,201,222]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Annual herb</emphasis>
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, (1 –) 1.5 – 2 cm diam., stems including fruits 1.8 – 2.2 mm tall (Fig. 7A & B).
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<emphasis box="[1271,1323,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Roots</emphasis>
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radiating, adhering strongly to substrate, dorsiventrally strongly flattened (thallus or ribbon-like), 0.2 – 0.5 (– 0.8) mm wide, internodes 1.5 – 2.2 mm long, repeatedly bifurcating at angles of 80 – 100 (– 120°), drying bright white, resembling
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1953" box="[1144,1204,385,406]" class="Marchantiopsida" family="Ricciaceae" genus="Riccia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Marchantiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1144,1204,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Riccia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(thalloid liverwort) (Fig. 8).
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<emphasis box="[941,995,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Stems</emphasis>
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monomorphic, extremely short, in the fork of root bifurcations, bearing a sessile rosette, phyllotaxy spiral, leaves 2 – 3, spathellum single, terminal.
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<emphasis box="[952,1017,507,528]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Leaves</emphasis>
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concave, irregularly ovate or elliptic, 0.2 – 0.3 × 0.2 – 0.2 mm, apex acuminate, basal attachment broad, stipules absent, distal leaves larger than proximal.
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<emphasis box="[1012,1121,598,619]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Spathellum</emphasis>
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pre-dehiscence ellipsoid, 0.3 × 0.25 mm, apiculate, basal part sheathed in leaves; dehiscing irregularly, then broadly funnel-shaped c. 1.2 × 0.8 mm.
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<emphasis box="[1009,1074,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Pedicel</emphasis>
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erect, c. 0.6 mm long.
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<emphasis box="[1343,1407,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Tepals</emphasis>
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2, filiform, suberect, 0.2 mm long.
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<emphasis box="[1207,1279,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Stamen</emphasis>
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one, filament 1.25 – 1.6 mm, erect, exceeding ovary; anther oblong, 0.18 – 0.2 × 0.18 mm, cells opposite.
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<emphasis box="[1321,1430,782,803]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Gynoecium</emphasis>
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, gynophore curved, 0.6 × 0.1 mm.
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<emphasis box="[1245,1305,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Ovary</emphasis>
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unilocular, ellipsoid in fruit, (0.7 –) 0.8 – 0.85 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm, elliptic in transverse section, c. 0.3 × 0.5 mm (Fig. 7H), with six shallow longitudinal ribs (commissural ribs not developed). Stigmas 2, complanate, oblong, 0.175 – 0.2 × 0.1 mm.
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<emphasis box="[1035,1083,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Fruit</emphasis>
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placenta spindle-like (Fig. 7E).
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<emphasis box="[843,898,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Seeds</emphasis>
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oblong-ellipsoid 0.25 × 0.18 – 0.19 mm (hydrated) (Fig. 7K).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[843,1437,1087,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,983,1088,1108]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">RECOGNITION</emphasis>
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. Differing from other
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<taxonomicName box="[1245,1436,1087,1109]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis box="[1245,1348,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Sapicolella</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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with sessile spathellae (
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<emphasis box="[1118,1391,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<taxonomicName box="[1118,1259,1117,1139]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Butumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginalis">S. marginalis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1278,1391,1117,1139]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Saxicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deniseae">S. deniseae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) in the shoots not marginal, numerous, closely spaced, but single, at root bifurcations; leaves lacking stipules (not stipulate); root slender (<1 mm wide, repeatedly and regularly bifurcating along its length (not>1 mm wide, not or rarely bifurcating along its length).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[843,1437,1087,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,984,1333,1353]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
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. Guinée (Republic of Guinea), Guinée Moyenne, Fouta Djalon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="20.[843,1437,1087,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,1188,1392,1414]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">SPECIMENS EXAMINED. GUINEA</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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Fouta Djalon, Pita, above Chutes de Kinkon, 857 m alt. fl. 18 Jan. 2018,
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<emphasis box="[843,899,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Cheek</emphasis>
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18979 with Molmou (HNG, K [K000592222]); ibid 18 Jan. 2018,
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<emphasis box="[1044,1100,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Cheek</emphasis>
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18980 with Molmou (HNG, K [K000592223]); Pita, Chutes de Kambadga, 710 m alt. fr. 19 Jan. 2018, Cheek photo record;
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</materialsCitation>
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Labé, Chutes de Salaa, 877 m alt., fr. 18 Jan. 2018,
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<emphasis box="[1296,1353,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">Cheek</emphasis>
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18973 (holotype K [K000592222]; isotype HNG).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="20.[843,1437,1087,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,932,1638,1658]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">HABITAT</emphasis>
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. Waterfalls in the former cloud forest zone. The species grows at three sites each with several other Podostemaceae-Podostemoideae species (see case study above) but flowers, fruits and dies in advance of those, growing higher up in the riverbed than all other species of that group. 710 – 877 m alt.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="20" pageNumber="423" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[843,1437,1087,1903]" lastBlockId="21.[151,745,201,1934]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[844,1101,1822,1842]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">CONSERVATION STATUS</emphasis>
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. Known so far from three locations: 1) Chutes de Salaa near Dalaba (type locality); 2) above the Chutes de Kinkon; 2) Chutes de Kambadga, downstream of Kinkon. The AOO is estimated as 12 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[362,372,226,240]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">2</superScript>
|
||
using the
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[490,632,231,253]" journalOrPublisher="Second edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridce" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" refId="ref27573" refString="IUCN (2012). IU C N Red List C ategories and C riteria: Version 2.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridce." title="IU C N Red List C ategories and C riteria: Version 2.1" type="book" year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-preferred 2 km × 2 km grid cells and the extent of occurrence as 81.8 km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[256,266,287,301]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">2</superScript>
|
||
. Here
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[371,551,292,314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Sapicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[371,551,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Sapicolella futa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assessed as Endangered, EN B2ab(iii) since there are severe and imminent threats at all three locations. At locations 1) and 2) there are plans to build hydroelectric dams that are very likely to result in local extinction of the species (pers. obs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G. & Cable, S. & Fischer, E. & Haba, P. & Lebbie, A." box="[353,486,445,468]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS one" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" pagination="10" part="12" refId="ref24203" refString="____ & Lebbie, A. (2018). Lebbiea (Podostemaceae- Podostemoideae), a new, nearly extinct cenus with foliose tepals, in Sierra Leone. PLoS one 12 (10). https: // doi. orc / 10.1271 / journal. pone. 0202602" title="Lebbiea (Podostemaceae- Podostemoideae), a new, nearly extinct cenus with foliose tepals, in Sierra Leone" type="journal article" year="2018">Cheek 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At site 2) the species is threatened by contamination of the water source by silt from run-off and by eutrophication due to contamination as the Kinkon river traverses the major town of Pita: fewer than 50 plants were seen at this location, and occupied a total area of <2 m × 2 m. In the next 10 years this species is expected to be reassessed as Critically Endangered (CR), or even “possibly extinct”. However, it is possible that further surveys may find additional sites for the species, which would be welcome. Seed banking and public awareness actions will be put in place as soon as possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[189,784,1857,1933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[189,197,1857,1869]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="423">1</superScript>
|
||
Note added in proof May 2022: new imagery dated 21 Nov. 2021 shows the site completely submerged, extinction has likely resulted
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="424" startId="21.[805,839,197,218]">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[805,1437,197,457]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,869,197,218]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[877,1021,197,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Saxicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,1021,197,217]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Saxicolella futa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A habit; B three flowering or fruiting
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1414,1437,197,226]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">►</emphasis>
|
||
shoots at root terminal-bifurcations; C, D undehisced spathellum with shoot and root; E flower, part emerged from spathellum; F flower in spathellum, gynoecium removed, showing tepals, gynophore and stamen; G gynoecium; H ovary wall in transverse section showing ribs; J variation in stigmata; K seed, hydrated; L reconstruction of complete flower (based on E
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1004,383,403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">–</emphasis>
|
||
G). A from photo by cheek at chute de Sal
|
||
<emphasis box="[833,839,410,430]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">’</emphasis>
|
||
aa. B – D, G – F from
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1109,409,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Cheek</emphasis>
|
||
18979. (K); E & F from
|
||
<emphasis box="[1338,1398,409,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Cheek</emphasis>
|
||
18980 (K). DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="424" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,745,201,1934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[153,279,844,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">PHENOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
. Presumably germinating no earlier than May, with the beginning of the wet season, before which its habitat is dry. Flowering may begin as early as November after the conclusion of the wet season in October. By January fruit has formed and the plants are dead.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="424" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,745,201,1934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[153,283,1027,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">ETYMOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
. Named for the Futa (or Fouta) Djalon highlands of the Republic of Guinea to which the species appears to be unique.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="424" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,745,201,1934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[153,220,1119,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">NOTES</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[238,392,1117,1139]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Sapicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,392,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Sapicolella futa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter growing season, (possibly completing its life cycle in only six months or less) than all other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[370,539,1179,1201]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Podostemaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species present at each of the three locations at which it is known, apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[219,390,1240,1261]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Tristicha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,390,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Tristicha trifaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both these two species were dead, dried and in fruit when encountered in Jan. 2018, while all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[576,745,1301,1323]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Podostemaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
present at these sites were still alive and only, for the most part, just becoming exposed by falling water and were in the process of beginning their flowering. The fact that, in these three locations,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[548,619,1423,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Sapicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,619,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">S. futa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found only on rock surfaces 20 – 100 cm above the waterlevel at which most other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[469,638,1484,1506]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Podostemaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and all other Podostemoideae) occurred suggests that the species may have evolved into a niche to escape competition from those species. The extremely minute and inconspicuous stems, the diminutive ovaries, diminutive leaves, and slender roots in comparison with other species of the genus, may well all be reductions that have enabled it to occupy a niche where the growing season is short, being the last to be submerged, and the first exposed, of all the Podostemoideae niches present within its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,745,201,1934]" lastBlockId="21.[805,1399,507,1201]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[183,337,1820,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Sapicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,337,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Sapicolella futa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in the genus for its very slender (<1 mm wide) ribbon-like roots, for the small size of its flowers, and for the position of the flowering shoots being only at the point of root bifurcations, so that the roots appear to terminate in a shoot before bifurcating. It is also unique in lacking evidence of stipules, but this is possibly concomitant with the reduction of leaf size. At maturity, more than 90 – 95% of the bulk of the plant consists of root, more so than any of the other species of the genus where the shoots are much more numerous and also larger and longer. The flowers and fruits are difficult to discern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[805,1399,507,1201]" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Recent surveys in Guinea connected with the Guinea Tropical Important Plant Area programme (TIPAs) have discovered several other new species to science, all of which are threatened. Several of these are, like
|
||
<emphasis box="[1007,1183,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1007,1179,873,895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Sapicolella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">Sapicolella futa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also rheophytes, restricted to fast flowing water habitats, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cheek" authorityName="Cheek" box="[805,1172,935,957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pepehabai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,1079,935,956]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Inversodicraea pepehabai</emphasis>
|
||
Cheek
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cheek & Haba 2016),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[889,1054,965,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koukoutamba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,1054,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">I. koukoutamba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Cheek et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Cheek" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tassing">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1127,1228,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">I. tassing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G. & Cable, S. & Fischer, E. & Haba, P. & Lebbie, A. & Luke, Q. & Macassouba, S. & Ncolan, R. & Williams, S. & Challen, G. & Lebbie, A. & B anks, H. & B arberx, P. & Riina, R. & Etuce M. & Williams S. A. & Feika, A. & Lebbie, A. & Goyder, D. & Tchiencue, B. & Sene, O. & Tchouto, P. & van der B urct, X. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Haba, P. K. & Cisse, S. & ____ & Konomou, G. & van der B urct, X. M. & Harvey, Y. B. & Onana, J-M. & Mackinder, B. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Achoundonc, G. & Macassouba, S. & Howes, M. R. & Dore, T. & Doumbouya, S. & Molmou, D. & Grall, A. & Couch, C. & Larridon, I. & Molmou, D. & Dore, T. S. & Couch, C. & Yasuda, S. & Gore, C. & Guest, A. & Grall, A. & Larridon, I. & B ousquet, I. H. & Ganatra, B. & Gosline, G. & Molmou, D. & Jennincs, L. & Macassouba, S. & van der B urct, X." journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" pagination="216 - 223" part="63" refId="ref25210" refString="____, Molmou, D., Jennincs, L., Macassouba, S. & van der B urct, X. (2019 a). Inversodicraea koukoutamba and I. tassing (Podostemaceae), new waterfall species from Guinea, West Africa. Blumea 63: 216 - 223. https: // doi. orc / 10.2767 / blumea. 2019.63.02.02" title="Inversodicraea koukoutamba and I. tassing (Podostemaceae), new waterfall species from Guinea, West Africa" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cheek
|
||
<emphasis box="[1341,1399,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Scott Elliot) Cheek" authorityName="Cheek" baseAuthorityName="Scott Elliot" box="[896,1306,996,1018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Karima" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scarciesii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,1069,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Karima scarciesii</emphasis>
|
||
(Scott Elliot) Cheek
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G." journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="21" pageNumber="424" pagination="21" part="17" refId="ref23998" refString="____ & ____ (2016). Macropodiella cussetiana (Podostemaceae) a new species from Cote d' Ivoire. Kew Bull. 17: 21. https: // doi. orc / 10.1007 / S 12225 - 016 - 9623 - 9." title="Macropodiella cussetiana (Podostemaceae) a new species from Cote d' Ivoire" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Cheek
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,865,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cheek" authorityName="Cheek" box="[968,1262,1026,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Lebbiea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1173,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Lebbiea grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
Cheek
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cheek & Lebbie 2018;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G. & Cable, S. & Fischer, E. & Haba, P. & Lebbie, A. & Luke, Q. & Macassouba, S. & Ncolan, R. & Williams, S. & Challen, G. & Lebbie, A. & B anks, H. & B arberx, P. & Riina, R. & Etuce M. & Williams S. A. & Feika, A. & Lebbie, A. & Goyder, D. & Tchiencue, B. & Sene, O. & Tchouto, P. & van der B urct, X. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Haba, P. K. & Cisse, S. & ____ & Konomou, G. & van der B urct, X. M. & Harvey, Y. B. & Onana, J-M. & Mackinder, B. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Achoundonc, G. & Macassouba, S. & Howes, M. R. & Dore, T. & Doumbouya, S. & Molmou, D. & Grall, A. & Couch, C. & Larridon, I. & Molmou, D. & Dore, T. S. & Couch, C. & Yasuda, S. & Gore, C. & Guest, A. & Grall, A. & Larridon, I. & B ousquet, I. H. & Ganatra, B. & Gosline, G. & Molmou, D. & Jennincs, L. & Macassouba, S. & van der B urct, X." box="[969,1177,1057,1079]" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" pagination="216 - 223" part="63" refId="ref25210" refString="____, Molmou, D., Jennincs, L., Macassouba, S. & van der B urct, X. (2019 a). Inversodicraea koukoutamba and I. tassing (Podostemaceae), new waterfall species from Guinea, West Africa. Blumea 63: 216 - 223. https: // doi. orc / 10.2767 / blumea. 2019.63.02.02" title="Inversodicraea koukoutamba and I. tassing (Podostemaceae), new waterfall species from Guinea, West Africa" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Couch
|
||
<emphasis box="[1056,1112,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while others are also found on the sandstone rock of the Fouta such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Cheek et al. 2018 a)" baseAuthorityName="Cheek" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[846,1246,1118,1140]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Keetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="futa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,968,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Keetia futa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G. & Cable, S. & Fischer, E. & Haba, P. & Lebbie, A. & Luke, Q. & Macassouba, S. & Ncolan, R. & Williams, S. & Challen, G. & Lebbie, A. & B anks, H. & B arberx, P. & Riina, R. & Etuce M. & Williams S. A. & Feika, A. & Lebbie, A. & Goyder, D. & Tchiencue, B. & Sene, O. & Tchouto, P. & van der B urct, X. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Haba, P. K. & Cisse, S. & ____ & Konomou, G. & van der B urct, X. M. & Harvey, Y. B. & Onana, J-M. & Mackinder, B. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Achoundonc, G. & Macassouba, S. & Howes, M. R. & Dore, T. & Doumbouya, S. & Molmou, D. & Grall, A. & Couch, C. & Larridon, I. & Molmou, D. & Dore, T. S. & Couch, C. & Yasuda, S. & Gore, C. & Guest, A. & Grall, A. & Larridon, I. & B ousquet, I. H. & Ganatra, B. & Gosline, G." box="[995,1235,1118,1140]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="21" pageNumber="424" pagination="56" part="72" refId="ref25090" refString="____, ____, Molmou, D., Dore, T. S., Couch, C., Yasuda, S., Gore, C., Guest, A., Grall, A., Larridon, I., B ousquet, I. H., Ganatra, B. & Gosline, G. (2018 a). A key to the species of Keetia (Rubiaceae - Vancuerieae) in West Africa, with three new, threatened species from Guinea and Ivory Coast. Kew Bull. 72: 56. https: // doi. orc / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 018 - 9782 - 0" title="A key to the species of Keetia (Rubiaceae - Vancuerieae) in West Africa, with three new, threatened species from Guinea and Ivory Coast" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Cheek
|
||
<emphasis box="[1090,1152,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Calophyllum africanum</emphasis>
|
||
(Cheek & Luke 2016), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cheek" authorityName="Cheek" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Kindia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gangan">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1241,1399,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">Kindia gangan</emphasis>
|
||
Cheek
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M. & Ameka, G. & Cable, S. & Fischer, E. & Haba, P. & Lebbie, A. & Luke, Q. & Macassouba, S. & Ncolan, R. & Williams, S. & Challen, G. & Lebbie, A. & B anks, H. & B arberx, P. & Riina, R. & Etuce M. & Williams S. A. & Feika, A. & Lebbie, A. & Goyder, D. & Tchiencue, B. & Sene, O. & Tchouto, P. & van der B urct, X. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Haba, P. K. & Cisse, S. & ____ & Konomou, G. & van der B urct, X. M. & Harvey, Y. B. & Onana, J-M. & Mackinder, B. & Gosline, G. & Onana, J. M. & Achoundonc, G. & Macassouba, S. & Howes, M. R. & Dore, T. & Doumbouya, S. & Molmou, D. & Grall, A. & Couch, C. & Larridon, I." box="[895,1114,1179,1201]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="21" pageNumber="424" pagination="e 3666" part="6" refId="ref25001" refString="____, Macassouba, S., Howes, M. R., Dore, T., Doumbouya, S., Molmou, D., Grall, A., Couch, C. & Larridon, I. (2018 b). Kindia (Pavetteae, Rubiaceae), a new cliff-dwellinc cenus with chemically profiled colleter exudate from Mt Gancan, Republic of Guinea. PeerJ 6: e 3666 https: // doi. orc / 10.7717 / peerj. 3666" title="Kindia (Pavetteae, Rubiaceae), a new cliff-dwellinc cenus with chemically profiled colleter exudate from Mt Gancan, Republic of Guinea" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Cheek
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,1036,1179,1201]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |