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<document id="8E2949CAEBCA08850560AC20E45C176D" ID-CLB-Dataset="25469" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4668.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="75f2f9b8-eb81-4a9b-9651-7400fac607aa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC8958898" ID-PubMed="31716605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3449862" ID-ZooBank="211AFB6A-8C0A-4AB2-8CF6-981E12C24934" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1568898052017" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Shen, Jinhui, Cong, Qian &amp; Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2019" docId="03BF8791E9275933FF44F9A7FF1EFA9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4668.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4668 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Befrostiini Grishin 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="483" masterDocId="FF86FFE9E920593BFFD3FFB4FFF3FFCD" masterDocTitle="Genomic analysis of the tribe Emesidini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="475" pageNumber="482" updateTime="1698755772372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="09D5BB41A1DA7384A84E6124ABBDAE9E">Genomic analysis of the tribe Emesidini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2956E7D71F93E5B3EAE5E017D1F5DE50">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB58031461BF5AD34D0217545A039A2D">Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DF4E798ECA7C3D1A3D695C8704487DA">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DC334F0324F9E2C0192D224B4AD6D20">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BFFB88A80B1E105AD71DA30B5416706C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="67B21731E3DFA837EE861BC1D074CCC2">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4184A85FCB86DF257AD4B8468E83C24E">2019-09-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A311E13830737CF83779AA30964DAA62">4668</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BF8791E9275933FF44F9A7FF1EFA9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5933252" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159549992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5933252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF8791E9275933FF44F9A7FF1EFA9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF8791E9275933FF44F9A7FF1EFA9B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">
<subSubSection id="C30C650CE927593CFF44F9A7FCC6F9BD" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA93687E927593CFF44F9A7FE17F9E0" blockId="7.[151,484,1555,1581]" box="[151,484,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">
<heading id="D0E181EBE927593CFF44F9A7FE17F9E0" bold="true" box="[151,484,1555,1581]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E927593CFF44F9A7FE17F9E0" bold="true" box="[151,484,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E927593CFF44F9A7FEEBF9E0" authorityName="Grishin" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,280,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Befrostiini">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E927593CFF44F9A7FEEBF9E0" bold="true" box="[151,280,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">Befrostiini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Grishin, trib. n.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA93687E927593CFF44F9E3FCC6F9BD" blockId="7.[151,821,1623,1648]" box="[151,821,1623,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">
http://zoobank.org/
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30C650CE927593CFF44F92AFE05F975" box="[151,502,1694,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BA93687E927593CFF44F92AFE05F975" blockId="7.[151,1436,1694,2044]" box="[151,502,1694,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E927593CFF44F92AFED5F975" bold="true" box="[151,294,1694,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E927593CFF44F92AFF21F975" box="[151,210,1694,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B962EA95E927593CFEFDF92AFE67F975" box="[302,404,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">Befrostia</emphasis>
Grishin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C650CE9275933FF14F975FF1EFA9B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA93687E927593CFF14F975FC06F831" blockId="7.[151,1436,1694,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E927593CFF14F975FEB1F911" bold="true" box="[199,322,1729,1756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A tribe without obvious phylogenetic affinities within subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E927593CFBE5F976FB46F911" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[1078,1205,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Riodininae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodininae</taxonomicName>
. Distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E927593CFF04F952FEA1F8CD" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[215,338,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodinidae</taxonomicName>
by body white below and bases of wings overscaled with white, hindwing in particular, also along anal margin. Hindwing of females almost square, with small lobule at vein M
<subScript id="179234C2E927593CFC24F8AFFC0CF8E4" attach="left" box="[1015,1023,1819,1833]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="482">3</subScript>
. Male genitalia characterized by disproportionally large aedeagus with one long cornutus, uncus broad, pointed, not concave in ventral view, valva short and rounded, no transtilla, saccus not shorter than valva. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: nuclear genome: cne2576.1.37:A2012G, cne792.13.4:A310G, cne4106.6.1:G277C, cne3195.1.6:T355A, cne
<date id="FFA81047E927593CFF6CF82EFEC7F879" box="[191,308,1946,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" value="2174-02-11">2174.2.11</date>
:A93G, cne306.12.2:G89T, cne3772.18.1:C271A, cne26635.1.11:A509C, cne
<date id="FFA81047E927593CFB7BF82EFAEFF879" box="[1192,1308,1946,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="482" value="1086-02-12">1086.2.12</date>
:G82G (not A), cne23980.1.3:G59G (not A), cne4786.7.1:C158C (not A); COI barcode region: G38A, A44T, C83C (not T), T169A, A274T, A322T, C340T, A379T, T400A, T412A, T547A, and A586T.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA93687E9285933FF14FF2CFD75FF7E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1366]" box="[199,646,152,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FF14FF2CFE64FF7E" bold="true" box="[199,407,152,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Genera included:</emphasis>
Only the
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FDD5FF2DFDC5FF7E" box="[518,566,153,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA93687E9285933FF14FF09FD0FFF1A" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1366]" box="[199,764,188,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FF14FF09FE98FF1A" bold="true" box="[199,363,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Parent taxon:</emphasis>
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FE3EFF08FD0BFF1A" authority="Grote, 1895" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1895" box="[493,760,188,215]" class="Insecta" family="Riodininae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Riodininae Grote, 1895</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA93687E9285933FF14FF54FB8AFDD6" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">
Selecting specimen for the genomic analysis, we attempted to sequence as many
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FBB7FF55FB40FF37" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[1124,1203,225,250]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FBB7FF55FB40FF37" box="[1124,1203,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species as we could find. More, some of these were represented by their primary type specimens. Analysis of primary types enables us to put our taxonomic analysis on solid footing. We find that the
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FCB2FE9DFC4BFE8E" box="[865,952,297,323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FC0EFE9DFAD3FE8E" authority="Schaus, 1928" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1928" box="[989,1312,296,323]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vimena">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FC0EFE9DFB77FE8F" box="[989,1156,297,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis vimena</emphasis>
Schaus, 1928
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3017617E9285933FAB7FE9DFF11FEAB" name="Guatemala" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
is tightly grouped with
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FE22FEF9FC55FEAA" authority="Godman &amp; Salvin, 1889" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[497,934,332,359]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brimo">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FE22FEF9FD78FEAB" box="[497,651,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis brimo</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin, 1889
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. only 0.6% difference in COI barcodes) and is better viewed as a more northern subspecies of this species.
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FCA1FEC5FB6CFE46" authority="Stichel, 1929" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1929" box="[882,1183,368,395]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FCA1FEC5FBF4FE47" box="[882,1031,369,394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis tristis</emphasis>
Stichel, 1929
</taxonomicName>
considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FF6BFE21FED9FE63" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1928" box="[184,298,405,430]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vimena">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FF6BFE21FED9FE63" box="[184,298,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. vimena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, should instead be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FD62FE21FBDDFE63" authority="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1886" box="[689,1070,404,431]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupina">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FD62FE21FCA1FE63" box="[689,850,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis lupina</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin
</taxonomicName>
, [1886]. Sequencing of primary type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FEB4FE0DFD4BFE1E" authority="Le Cerf, 1958" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1958" box="[359,696,440,467]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpha">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FEB4FE0DFDE5FE1F" box="[359,534,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis adelpha</emphasis>
Le Cerf, 1958
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FD3EFE0DFBA6FE1E" authority="Stichel, 1929" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1929" box="[749,1109,440,467]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FD3EFE0DFC48FE1F" box="[749,955,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis heteroclita</emphasis>
Stichel, 1929
</taxonomicName>
suggests their conspecificity. However, due to wing pattern differences and differences in their distributions, we view
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FBA5FE69FB1CFE3B" authorityName="Le Cerf" authorityYear="1958" box="[1142,1263,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpha">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FBA5FE69FB1CFE3B" box="[1142,1263,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. adelpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its subspecies
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FF19FDB5FEA7FDD7" box="[202,340,513,538]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. a. vicaria</emphasis>
Le Cerf, 1958 as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FD69FDB5FCA2FDD7" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1929" box="[698,849,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FD69FDB5FCA2FDD7" box="[698,849,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. heteroclita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rather than its synonyms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA93687E9285933FF14FD90FE41FC6B" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">
Conversely, we find that some taxa placed as subspecies differ markedly from their nominal subspecies and should be considered distinct as the species level (new status):
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FC87FDFDFAECFDAE" authority="A. Butler &amp; H. Druce, 1872" authorityName="A. Butler &amp; H. Druce" authorityYear="1872" box="[852,1311,584,611]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furor">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FC87FDFDFC10FDAE" box="[852,995,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis furor</emphasis>
A. Butler &amp; H. Druce, 1872
</taxonomicName>
(not a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FEDFFDD9FDBBFD4A" authority="(Cramer, 1780)" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[268,584,620,647]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandana">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FEDFFDD9FE60FD4B" box="[268,403,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. mandana</emphasis>
(Cramer, 1780)
</taxonomicName>
: not sister taxa, COI barcodes difference of about 2%),
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FB63FDD9FED8FD67" authority="Stichel, 1916" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melancholica">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FB63FDD9FA6FFD4B" box="[1200,1436,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis melancholica</emphasis>
Stichel, 1916
</taxonomicName>
(not a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FDCAFD25FC6DFD67" authority="Godman &amp; Salvin, 1886" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1886" box="[537,926,656,683]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupina">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FDCAFD25FD73FD67" box="[537,640,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. lupina</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin, 1886
</taxonomicName>
: not in the same clade, COI barcodes 9% different), and
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FEF3FD01FD75FD02" authority="(Godman, 1903)" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[288,646,692,719]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="progne">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FEF3FD01FE36FD03" box="[288,453,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis progne</emphasis>
(Godman, 1903)
</taxonomicName>
(not a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FCA7FD01FB05FD02" authority="Godman &amp; Salvin, 1889" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[884,1270,692,719]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brimo">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FCA7FD01FC24FD03" box="[884,983,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. brimo</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin, 1889
</taxonomicName>
: COI barcodes 3.8% different). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FE21FD6DFCC3FD3E" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[498,816,728,755]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FE21FD6DFD7CFD3F" box="[498,655,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis opaca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B76E9285933FD4AFD6CFCC3FD3E" author="Stichel, H." box="[665,816,728,755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 452" refId="ref10228" refString="Stichel, H. (1910 - 1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines. Subfam. Riodininae. Vol. 112. In: Wytsman, J. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Desmet-Verteneuil, Brussels, pp. 1 - 452." type="book chapter" year="1910">Stichel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is not a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FBF8FD6DFAAAFD3E" authority="(Cramer, 1775)" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1067,1369,728,755]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucinda">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FBF8FD6DFB52FD3F" box="[1067,1185,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. lucinda</emphasis>
(Cramer, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
(COI barcodes difference nearly 5%), but a valid species, new status. This change further reveals that
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FB0DFD49FE61FCF6" authority="Gallard 2008" authorityName="Gallard" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="castigata" subSpecies="diringeri">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FB0DFD49FF08FCF7" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Emesis castigata diringeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B76E9285933FED3FC94FE61FCF6" author="Gallard, J. - Y." box="[256,402,800,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" pagination="441 - 454" refId="ref9604" refString="Gallard, J. - Y. (2008) Rodinidae de Guyana Francaise Trois especes et trois sous-especes nouvelles (Lepidoptera). Lambillionea, 108, 441 - 454." type="journal article" year="2008">Gallard 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is not a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FD55FC95FC51FCF6" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[646,930,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castigata">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FD55FC95FCF9FCF7" box="[646,778,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. castigata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B76E9285933FCC3FC94FC51FCF6" author="Stichel, H." box="[784,930,800,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 452" refId="ref10228" refString="Stichel, H. (1910 - 1911) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines. Subfam. Riodininae. Vol. 112. In: Wytsman, J. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Desmet-Verteneuil, Brussels, pp. 1 - 452." type="book chapter" year="1910">Stichel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(COI barcodes difference about 3%), and due to genomic (
<figureCitation id="132D2A02E9285933FEF6FCF0FE99FC92" box="[293,362,836,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1235,1260]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,185,1210]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[164,1423,181,1210]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sequenced specimens of new genera and subgenera proposed in this study. Dorsal and ventral sides are shown on the left and right, respectively, with the image letter in between. Gray letter F indicates that the mirror image (left-right invert- ed) is shown. DNA sample numbers are indicated for specimens, see Table S1 for other data. a. Curvie emesia, NVG-18045F09, on the right are male genitalia (with a 0.5 mm scale bar) of the specimen NVG-11913, data as for NVG-11914 (Table S1), but eclosed on 15-Feb-1974; b. Emesis (Mandania) mandana, NVG-18044D09; c. Emesis (Poeasia) poeas, NVG-18044G04; d. Emesis (Brimia) brimo, NVG-18045E01; e. Xanthosa xanthosa syntype, NVG-18054D08; f. Xanthosa xanthosa syntype, NVG- 18054D09; g. Xanthosa xanthosa syntype, NVG-18054D10; h. Emesis (Tenedia) tenedia, NVG-18086H06; i. Befrostia elegia syntype male, NVG-18052H02; j. Befrostia elegia syntype male, Brazil, coll. H. Stichel, #1089, NVG-18052H04; k. Befrostia elegia syntype female, no data, NVG-18052H03; l. Befrostia lalannei holotype, NVG-18086H06.All syntypes shown are from the ZMHB collection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449866/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, COI barcodes are 100% identical) and morphological similarities we suggest it to be a subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FE71FCDDFDF5FC4F" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Shen &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2019" box="[418,518,873,898]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FE71FCDDFDF5FC4F" box="[418,518,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">E. opaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25157EEE9285933FDC6FCDDFD7CFC4E" box="[533,655,873,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Both taxa are from
<collectingCountry id="F3017617E9285933FCABFCDCFBD0FC4F" box="[888,1059,872,898]" name="French Guiana" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
. We summarize our results as the following taxonomic list.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA93687E9285933FF14FC04FF1EFA9B" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B962EA95E9285933FF14FC04FCF7FC06" bold="true" box="[199,772,944,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">
Taxonomic arrangement of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C164D04E9285933FD56FC04FD0CFC06" authorityName="Seraphim, Freitas &amp; Kaminski" authorityYear="2018" box="[645,767,944,971]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Emesidini">Emesidini</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The list of species arranged into genera and subgenera resulting from our genomic analysis augmented with morphological considerations is given below. Synonymic names are included for genera and subgenera. Names treated as synonyms (genera and names of
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FB51FC4DFB41FBDE" box="[1154,1202,1017,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
species that are considered to be synonyms) are preceded by “=”: not followed by daggers are subjective junior synonyms; † objective junior synonyms; ‡ unavailable names (such as homonyms and nomina nuda); “preocc.” indicates preoccupied, the taxonomic order (insects) of the senior name is shown in brackets. Synonyms are attributed to subgenera.
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FAB6FBD1FA6EFBB2" box="[1381,1437,1125,1151]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">Type</typeStatus>
species (TS) for genera and subgenera are listed. For
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FD3EFB3DFCEEFB6E" box="[749,797,1161,1187]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
species that are considered to be synonyms, valid names are shown in parenthesis. For valid genera and subgenera (not their synonyms), names of the
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FB7BFB19FB2BFB0A" box="[1192,1240,1197,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
species or names which
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FF32FB65FEE2FB26" box="[225,273,1233,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
species are considered to be synonyms of, are underlined in the list. The
<typeStatus id="54AD8825E9285933FBE6FB65FB96FB26" box="[1077,1125,1233,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="483">type</typeStatus>
of change is explained after the name (new status, new combination, new placement), and the former status or the genus of former placement is listed. Subspecies names are not listed (except those resulting from the status change in this work) pending further studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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