383 lines
51 KiB
XML
383 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="5B34499731AC7D17FF060D2194548B5E" ID-CLB-Dataset="5896" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ceca425f-e47a-4fe0-8c4c-f0abaae680e4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046838" ID-ZooBank="23C81666-C440-489C-AF53-6C37FB68AFEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623283102752" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Collins, Steve, Warren-Gash, Haydon & Belcastro, Claudio" docDate="2021" docId="03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4981.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4981 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cephetola praecox Safian 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="571" masterDocId="FF84E70CFA502A03314A35080812FFB7" masterDocTitle="Description of five new species of Epitola sensu lato (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Poritiinae) from West and Central Africa" masterLastPageNumber="576" masterPageNumber="554" pageNumber="568" updateTime="1699009154658" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="594C90CF7BA089766E6BED750906487B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E657EB198509A01AB7D3DE2E01964792">
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<mods:title id="32C280A81A52A7910F596B2105B109D4">Description of five new species of Epitola sensu lato (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Poritiinae) from West and Central Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="895843401948D8642A6BA58DBA85E206" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AC02A04E14A6FC1FEACF452C49C94859">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC2F4E36B97ECDC19AAB1B103FD4AE70">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="326BD2926E24C413CBBB4E26F7F5D325">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0FE4956B3B784ECC471333929B951A1F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0614-4203</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="43F613AC92A51774FE22F7340DC33752">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F7070944EAA9278398DFB30ADA4892E6" type="email">szsafian@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8B2A39D8824FED271045063C6458263E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="29C650922D61F40B79C56CF48A3C415E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7F06FD0CBA90C8897CD01AAA1BED9709">Collins, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="472A7F7B9CD41A4D8DBC41D6E339B48A">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="420DDB58916147722615D4B6077B12EA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3761ADDBC4CEDC035CC01BF4BB4C47D9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F042C64CEDC5FEBA204CB16E48559AD5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CFF153CD1DECB2136BE552B739A8D1F2">Warren-Gash, Haydon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD7A77C638E0E56A5B53088A7803DD3E">98 Overstrand Mansions, Prince of Wales Drive, London SW 11 4 EU, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BF542A0F62603A5065ADE27C60D433F2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FC29A96E0BE2F1EA29EBF71788D947CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5E016796C7B7850E51EFB127D33F99B2">Belcastro, Claudio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A1188AE66F709B12E1A25D3A007E6A21" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0102-5106</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6B41D8701A53E821626F35C3D013005">Museo della Biodiversita, Parco Nationale della Sila, Loc Cupone, I- 87058 Spezzano della Sila, Italy. belcastroclaudio @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0102 - 5106</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA69B95193EEA6F4FBCA5BC0C2A488C5" type="email">belcastroclaudio@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="499C18EC9B21227EEF48743187E9207C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="48FD2FBE000FB7DB24B6D735E2FEC5EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E1F2B5ED7FDD357989197BB33EFD1F8B">
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<mods:date id="252E916A95DAB330B3DF6AC550864AA1">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2AB70251A1E4FF9CCE8ADDCF6E6F6480">2021-06-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F3928013306A197E08F78F9040D5033F">4981</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="88B16F033287F960DE31AEE4B5915506">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="977E035C9C9557CA178B06D0D21DF072">554</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="511AA4222767BD4B450C3AE75D87CB20">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D73DA4844F779323AB14588957AA7452" type="CLB-Dataset">5896</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C847F8951155F7D36BD034A0338125BB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="200D9280FD3096A38FF201334EDF0516" type="GBIF-Dataset">ceca425f-e47a-4fe0-8c4c-f0abaae680e4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E305915C7C20CE4B4F5FC286AD78D68C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1B68C751EFF762E2DD9B4ACBBAD433BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5046838</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34E95E4844A10B6FFAF5AA4FCEC99B91" type="ZooBank">23C81666-C440-489C-AF53-6C37FB68AFEB</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923638" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183228180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4923638" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="571" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
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<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5E2A0D31DD30D109A2F9A0" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5E2A0D31DD30D10A27FA44" blockId="14.[151,565,1496,1596]" box="[151,565,1496,1524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
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<heading id="D0E3990EFA5E2A0D31DD30D10A27FA44" bold="true" box="[151,565,1496,1524]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B960F270FA5E2A0D31DD30D10A27FA44" bold="true" box="[151,565,1496,1524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5E2A0D31DD30D109C2FA44" authority="Safian" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,464,1496,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B960F270FA5E2A0D31DD30D1096BFA44" bold="true" box="[151,377,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Cephetola praecox</emphasis>
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Sáfián
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534F0BFA5E2A0D309D30D10A27FA44" box="[471,565,1497,1523]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5E2A0D31DD30F509A2F9A0" blockId="14.[151,565,1496,1596]" box="[151,432,1533,1559]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5E2A0D31DD332909AEF98B" box="[151,444,1569,1596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5E2A0D31DD332909AEF98B" blockId="14.[151,565,1496,1596]" box="[151,444,1569,1596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5E2A0D31D533290938F98B" box="[159,298,1569,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[352,1234,354,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-109@15.[335,1253,342,1911]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cephetola males. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest. A, upperside; B, underside. C. praecox, holotype. C, upperside; D, underside. C. obscura, Ghana, Atewa Range. E, upperside; F, underside. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains. G, upperside; H, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046870/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Figs 11C, D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5E2A0D307C33290999F98B" box="[310,395,1569,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,200,1048]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Male genitalia with removed aedeagi: C. praecox, holotype, gen. prep. SAFI00384. A, lateral view; D, aedeagus. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest, gen. prep. SAFI00383. B, lateral view; E, aedeagus. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains, gen. prep. SAFI00382. C, lateral view; F, aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046874/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">12A, D</figureCitation>
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;
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||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5E2A0D30DD332909A6F98B" box="[407,436,1569,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,183,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[151,1436,179,1117]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Type localities of C. wologizi and C. praecox and known localities of C. obscuralis, C. obscuralis ssp. (sensu Libert 2020) and C. aureliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046884/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">15</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5E2A0D31DD33610B4EF97C" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5E2A0D31DD33610B4EF97C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1641,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B7C243FFA5E2A0D31DD33610B4EF97C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312256303" collectingDate="2012-12-18" collectionCode="R, ANHRT" country="Liberia" elevation="730" latitude="5.639811" location="Putu Range" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.185445" municipality="Mount Jideh Ridge" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" specimenCode="TUK00056662, SAFI00384" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5E2A0D31DD3361091FF934" bold="true" box="[151,269,1641,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
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||
<typeStatus id="54AF90C0FA5E2A0D31DD3361091AF934" box="[151,264,1641,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
•
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||
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA5E2A0D30603362092DF933" box="[298,319,1642,1668]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5E2A0D3002336109ABF934" box="[328,441,1641,1667]" name="Liberia" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">LIBERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49D0E080FA5E2A0D308D33610AAFF934" box="[455,701,1641,1667]" country="Liberia" name="Grand Gedeh" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Grand Gedeh County</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFB418FA5E2A0D338033620BBBF934" box="[714,937,1641,1668]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Mount Jideh Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D32FC33620C29F933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6:8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D32FC33620C29F933" box="[950,1083,1642,1668]" country="Liberia" latitude="5.639811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.185445" municipality="Mount Jideh Ridge" name="Putu Range" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">Putu Range</location>
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||
<date id="FFAA08A2FA5E2A0D350E33610CDFF934" box="[1092,1229,1641,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" value="2012-12-18">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFEEF14AFA5E2A0D350E33610CDFF934" box="[1092,1229,1641,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" value="2012-12-18">18.XII.2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
Leg.:
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||
<location id="8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D345033610D85F934" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6:8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D345033610D85F934" box="[1306,1431,1641,1667]" country="Liberia" latitude="5.639811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.185445" municipality="Mount Jideh Ridge" name="Safian, Sz." pageId="14" pageNumber="568" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">Sáfián, Sz.</location>
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||
,
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<location id="8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D31DD338508F8F910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6:8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D31DD338508F8F910" box="[151,234,1677,1703]" country="Liberia" latitude="5.639811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.185445" municipality="Mount Jideh Ridge" name="Tropek" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">Tropek</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5E2A0D31BE33860918F91F" box="[244,266,1678,1704]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D305F338509B3F910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6:8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D305F338509B3F910" box="[277,417,1677,1703]" country="Liberia" latitude="5.639811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.185445" municipality="Mount Jideh Ridge" name="Coordinates" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">Coordinates</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2048A5FA5E2A0D30E033850A5EF91F" box="[426,588,1677,1704]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" precision="1" seconds="23.32" value="5.639811">5°38’23.32»N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2048A5FA5E2A0D331D33850AFCF910" box="[599,750,1677,1703]" degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" precision="1" seconds="7.60" value="-8.185445">8°11’7.60»W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, altitude:
|
||
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5E2A0D321133850BC7F91F" box="[859,981,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="m" value="730.0" valueMax="760.0" valueMin="700.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0039C951FA5E2A0D321133850BC7F91F" box="[859,981,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="m" value="730.0" valueMax="760.0" valueMin="700.0">700-760 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
asl.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5E2A0D354C33850C76F910" box="[1030,1124,1677,1703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">ANHRT</collectionCode>
|
||
unique ID number:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB28619FA5E2A0D340E33850957F97B" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">ANHRTUK00056662</specimenCode>
|
||
. Gen. prep.:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB28619FA5E2A0D309933B90A4BF97C" box="[467,601,1713,1739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">SAFI00384</specimenCode>
|
||
.
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||
<location id="8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D332E33B90AC4F97C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA5E2A1231DD30D10B89FDD6:8ECB78B9FA5E2A0D332E33B90AC4F97C" box="[612,726,1713,1739]" country="Liberia" latitude="5.639811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-8.185445" municipality="Mount Jideh Ridge" name="Deposited" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" stateProvince="Grand Gedeh County">Deposited</location>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5E2A0D33BD33B90B4AF97C" box="[759,856,1713,1739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">ANHRT</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5E2A13318D33DD09B0FB56" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="570" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5E2A0D318D33DD0D21F870" blockId="14.[151,1437,1641,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5E2A0D318D33DD094BF958" bold="true" box="[199,345,1749,1775]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Description.</emphasis>
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Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5E2A0D336733DD0A93F947" box="[557,641,1749,1776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5E2A0D324533DD0B71F947" box="[783,867,1749,1776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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||
. Forewing shape typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5E2A0D35E633DD0D0DF958" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="1999" box="[1196,1311,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5E2A0D35E633DD0D0DF958" box="[1196,1311,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Cephetola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, triangular with acute apex and slightly convex, curving outer margin. Upperside colour dark chocolate brown with no pattern and blue scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5E2A0D3004321509A1F880" box="[334,435,1821,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[352,1234,354,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-109@15.[335,1253,342,1911]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cephetola males. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest. A, upperside; B, underside. C. praecox, holotype. C, upperside; D, underside. C. obscura, Ghana, Atewa Range. E, upperside; F, underside. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains. G, upperside; H, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046870/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Underside slightly lighter brown with large blackish-brown patch on forewing, covering spaces 1B, 2, 3, 4 and almost entire cell with
|
||
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5E2A0D33C632490ADEF8EB" box="[652,716,1857,1884]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
lighter brown margin near outer edge of wing. Shades of lunules visible in apex. Hindwing underside with
|
||
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5E2A0D332D326D0AAFF837" box="[615,701,1893,1920]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad dark brown central band across wing from the costa, broadens to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5E2A0D31AA32810924F813" box="[224,310,1929,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
spot in cell before tapering down towards inner margin. Shades of darker lunules along wing margin visible. Body brown, darker on top, lighter below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5E2A0D339A32A50B22F870" box="[720,816,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[352,1234,354,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-109@15.[335,1253,342,1911]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cephetola males. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest. A, upperside; B, underside. C. praecox, holotype. C, upperside; D, underside. C. obscura, Ghana, Atewa Range. E, upperside; F, underside. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains. G, upperside; H, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046870/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Fig 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae, legs black, chequered with white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5E2A0C318D32D90AE1FEF6" blockId="14.[151,1437,1641,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5E2A0D318D32D9096EF85C" bold="true" box="[199,380,2001,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="568">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5E2A0D30CC32D909F2F85B" box="[390,480,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
along dorsoventral axis. Slender and rather simple, similar to other species in the group. No coremata. Tegumen broad, uncus triangular in lateral view, sub-unci angled, slender, longer arm slightly upcurving. Valva broadening from base, broadest in the outer third, narrows down to rounded, blunt tip. Its dorsal edge rounded, ventral edge almost straight. Saccus slender, shorter than half the length of the valva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5F2A0C35B235D70D72FF4E" box="[1272,1376,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,200,1048]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Male genitalia with removed aedeagi: C. praecox, holotype, gen. prep. SAFI00384. A, lateral view; D, aedeagus. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest, gen. prep. SAFI00383. B, lateral view; E, aedeagus. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains, gen. prep. SAFI00382. C, lateral view; F, aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046874/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus typical to many species in the genus, spear-shaped with triangular tooth on dorsal edge, broad in the middle. Anterior end rounded, tip sharply tapering (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5F2A0C3335342F0AF4FEF6" box="[639,742,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,200,1048]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Male genitalia with removed aedeagi: C. praecox, holotype, gen. prep. SAFI00384. A, lateral view; D, aedeagus. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest, gen. prep. SAFI00383. B, lateral view; E, aedeagus. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains, gen. prep. SAFI00382. C, lateral view; F, aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046874/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6B7EEAFA5F2A0C31DD32990982F846" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046870" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046870/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="569" startId="15.[151,250,1937,1961]" targetBox="[352,1234,354,1898]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5F2A0C31DD32990982F846" blockId="15.[151,1436,1937,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5F2A0C31DD3299090CF81E" bold="true" box="[151,286,1937,1961]" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5F2A0C306E3299099EF81E" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="1999" box="[292,396,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5F2A0C306E3299099EF81E" box="[292,396,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">Cephetola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5F2A0C3090329A0A73F81E" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2020" box="[474,609,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5F2A0C3090329A0A73F81E" box="[474,609,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">C. obscuralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Uganda, Mabira Forest. A, upperside; B, underside.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5F2A0C3537329A0CFEF81E" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[1149,1260,1938,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5F2A0C3537329A0CFEF81E" box="[1149,1260,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">C. praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype. C, upperside; D, underside.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5F2A0C303632BE09F9F87A" baseAuthorityName="Hawker-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[380,491,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5F2A0C303632BE09F9F87A" box="[380,491,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">C. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ghana, Atewa Range. E, upperside; F, underside.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5F2A0C32A432BE0C4FF87A" baseAuthorityName="Hawker-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1006,1117,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5F2A0C32A432BE0C4FF87A" box="[1006,1117,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="569">C. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Liberia, Nimba Mountains. G, upperside; H, underside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6B7EEAFA402A1331DD31310AF2FB2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046874/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" startId="16.[151,250,1081,1105]" targetBox="[160,1423,200,1048]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA402A1331DD31310AF2FB2E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1081,1178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1331DD31310932FBE6" bold="true" box="[151,288,1081,1105]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia with removed aedeagi:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1333E031320B08FBE6" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[682,794,1082,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1333E031320B08FBE6" box="[682,794,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, gen. prep. SAFI00384. A, lateral view; D, aedeagus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1331DD3156090DFBC2" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,287,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1331DD3156090DFBC2" box="[151,287,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. obscuralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Uganda, Mabira Forest, gen. prep. SAFI00383. B, lateral view; E, aedeagus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A13357031560CBBFBC2" baseAuthorityName="Hawker-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1082,1193,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13357031560CBBFBC2" box="[1082,1193,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Liberia, Nimba Mountains, gen. prep. SAFI00382. C, lateral view; F, aedeagus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA402A13318D31C009B0FB56" blockId="16.[151,1437,1223,2042]" box="[199,418,1223,1250]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13318D31C0090CFB55" bold="true" box="[199,286,1224,1250]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA402A13318D31E30A54F991" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA402A13318D31E30A54F991" blockId="16.[151,1437,1223,2042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13318D31E30950FAB2" bold="true" box="[199,322,1259,1285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
In West Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1330B131E40A64FAB2" baseAuthorityName="Hawker-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[507,630,1259,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1330B131E40A64FAB2" box="[507,630,1259,1286]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of two other species in the genus, where males appear with only scattered blue scaling on the upper wing surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA402A13338630070B4AFA9D" box="[716,856,1295,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[352,1234,354,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-109@15.[335,1253,342,1911]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cephetola males. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest. A, upperside; B, underside. C. praecox, holotype. C, upperside; D, underside. C. obscura, Ghana, Atewa Range. E, upperside; F, underside. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains. G, upperside; H, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046870/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Figs 11E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), and sometimes completely brown specimens also occur. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A133016303C09C8FAFA" baseAuthorityName="Hawker-Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[348,474,1331,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A133016303C09C8FAFA" box="[348,474,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks any dark brown central band on the hindwing underside, which is otherwise known to be present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1330ED30500AF0FAC5" authority="(Roche, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Roche" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[423,738,1367,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1330ED30500A27FAC6" box="[423,565,1367,1394]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA402A13330C305F0AC9FAC5" author="Roche, P." box="[582,731,1367,1394]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" pagination="489 - 501" refId="ref10442" refString="Roche, P. (1954) Revisional notes on the genus Epitola Westwood / Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History, Entomology), 3, 489 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1060" type="journal article" year="1954">Roche, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has also extensive blue pattern on the upperside. The other one is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A13306E307409A9FA22" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2020" box="[292,443,1403,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13306E307409A9FA22" box="[292,443,1403,1430]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. obscuralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a newly described species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA402A1333B530730B9BFA21" author="Libert, M." box="[767,905,1403,1430]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" refId="ref10131" refString="Libert, M. (2020) Mise a jour de la Revision des Epitola l. s. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Private publication, Cameroon, 157 pp., 10 colour pls." type="book" year="2020">Libert 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A13352230740CF1FA22" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[1128,1251,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13352230740CF1FA22" box="[1128,1251,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1335B930740D7DFA22" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[1267,1391,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1335B930740D7DFA22" box="[1267,1391,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrower central band on the hindwing, which broadens in the cell, while the central band on the hindwing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1334C930A8091EFA6A" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1334C930A8091EFA6A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. obscuralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively of even width. Their male genitalia are also similar, with the difference in the shape of valva, which is broadest in the middle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A13335830E00AB5F9B6" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2020" box="[530,679,1511,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13335830E00AB5F9B6" box="[530,679,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. obscuralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is broadest in the outer third towards the tip with narrower base in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1331FE3304093DF992" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[180,303,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1331FE3304093DF992" box="[180,303,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">C. praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA402A1330AF33030A2BF991" box="[485,569,1547,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,200,1048]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Male genitalia with removed aedeagi: C. praecox, holotype, gen. prep. SAFI00384. A, lateral view; D, aedeagus. C. obscuralis, Uganda, Mabira Forest, gen. prep. SAFI00383. B, lateral view; E, aedeagus. C. obscura, Liberia, Nimba Mountains, gen. prep. SAFI00382. C, lateral view; F, aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046874/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA402A13318D33380B06F926" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA402A13318D33380B06F926" blockId="16.[151,1437,1223,2042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13318D3338095AF9FD" bold="true" box="[199,328,1584,1610]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Qualifying adjective when the neuter adjective is compounded with a feminine generic name where gender agreement is not required (Art. 31.2.3). The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A13322E335C0BACF9DA" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[868,958,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13322E335C0BACF9DA" box="[868,958,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the males’ early morning activity, which is not well documented in Afrotropical butterflies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA402A12318D33930B89FDD6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="571" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA402A13318D33930B3DF902" blockId="16.[151,1437,1223,2042]" box="[199,815,1691,1718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13318D33930973F902" bold="true" box="[199,353,1691,1717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AF90C0FA402A13336233940A4AF901" box="[552,600,1692,1718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA402A13339D33930B3EF902" box="[727,812,1691,1717]" name="Liberia" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA402A12318D33B70965FDAE" blockId="16.[151,1437,1223,2042]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="571" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A13318D33B70959F96E" bold="true" box="[199,331,1727,1753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AF90C0FA402A1330CE33B709F4F96E" box="[388,486,1727,1753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in
|
||
<date id="FFAA08A2FA402A1333E033B70B4EF96D" box="[682,860,1727,1754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" value="2012-12">December 2012</date>
|
||
at 7.30 a.m. in the first sunbeam, displaying on the narrow ridge of Mount Jideh in the Putu Range, a unique upland habitat in Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA402A13350E33EB0C87F94A" box="[1092,1173,1763,1789]" name="Liberia" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA402A1335EF33EB0CEBF949" box="[1189,1273,1763,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,183,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[151,1436,179,1117]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Type localities of C. wologizi and C. praecox and known localities of C. obscuralis, C. obscuralis ssp. (sensu Libert 2020) and C. aureliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046884/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was flying up and down rapidly between 3 to 10 metres high along a tree-trunk with other specimens, normally out of reach. Only the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AF90C0FA402A1331B532230973F8F2" box="[255,353,1835,1861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
could be collected, and the author was not able to return and secure more specimens. The habitat has since been further altered by mining exploration and the tree trunk along which the males were observed displaying was found completely overgrown by young trees in
|
||
<date id="FFAA08A2FA402A133272327C0BC3F839" box="[824,977,1908,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" value="2018-01">January 2018</date>
|
||
, when the author was trying to locate the site on his brief visit. Finding
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534F0BFA402A1330A932900A7BF806" box="[483,617,1943,1970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA402A1333C1329F0AECF806" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="1999" box="[651,766,1943,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA402A1333C1329F0AECF806" box="[651,766,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="570">Cephetola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not unique (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA402A133286329F0C41F805" author="Libert, M." box="[972,1107,1943,1970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="570" refId="ref10131" refString="Libert, M. (2020) Mise a jour de la Revision des Epitola l. s. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Private publication, Cameroon, 157 pp., 10 colour pls." type="book" year="2020">Libert 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), given the scarcity of several known species, the very localised occurrence (many are restricted to individual ant trees), and the fact that majority of species tend to display and rest in higher strata of the canopy (depending on species). They also have synchronised display time, and the activity windows are sometimes extremely short, can be limited to 10–20 minutes per day, which could also be the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A12336035B30AB6FF63" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2021" box="[554,676,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12336035B30AB6FF63" box="[554,676,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">C. praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, the males seem to display very early in the morning, when no butterfly activity is expected and therefore field lepidopterists are rarely out during this time. It is also important to emphasize that the Putu Range in Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA412A123320340B0AA9FEAA" box="[618,699,259,285]" name="Liberia" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
lies in a unique geographical position facing the humid air masses blown from the Atlantic Ocean by the south-westerly winds, which result in rather generally distribute high annual rainfall in the area. Putu is also known to harbour an incredibly rich and unique butterfly fauna based on Sáfián’s field studies between 2010 and 2018 (unpublished), including two further species, which were found exclusively on the ridge of Mount Jideh in upland forest:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A1233DC349B0C92FE1A" authority="Safian, 2017" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2017" box="[662,1152,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jadwigae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A1233DC349B0B58FE1A" box="[662,842,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Iolaus jadwigae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A12321B349B0BCDFE1A" author="Safian, Sz." box="[849,991,403,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" pagination="2 - 10" refId="ref10576" refString="Safian, Sz. (2017) Three new species in the genus Iolaus Hubner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from West Africa. Metamorphosis, 28, 2 - 10." type="journal article" year="2017">Sáfián, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A1232A4349B0C6AFE1A" author="Safian, Sz." box="[1006,1144,403,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" pagination="2 - 10" refId="ref10576" refString="Safian, Sz. (2017) Three new species in the genus Iolaus Hubner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from West Africa. Metamorphosis, 28, 2 - 10." type="journal article" year="2017">Sáfián 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A1235FC349B0D1EFE1B" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[1206,1292,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A1235FC349B0D1EFE1B" box="[1206,1292,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Liptena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12347D349B0D8EFE1A" box="[1335,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">batesana</emphasis>
|
||
(Sáfián unpublished) and other restricted-range taxa associated with upland forest:
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12351134BF0D33FE66" box="[1115,1313,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A12351134BF0CA3FE66" box="[1115,1201,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Abantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Abantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
ja usheri
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A12346134BF0939FE42" author="Collins, S. C. & Larsen, T. B." pageId="17" pageNumber="571" pagination="41 - 114" refId="ref9272" refString="Collins, S. C. & Larsen, T. B. (2008) Eighteen new species, five new subspecies, and interesting data on other African butterflies - Fourth ABRI Research Paper. Metamorphosis, 19 (2), 41 - 114." type="journal article" year="2008">Collins & Larsen, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A12307F34D30B13FE42" authority="kraka (Aurivillius, 1893)" authorityName="kraka (Aurivillius" authorityYear="1893" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[309,769,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Telchinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="kraka" subSpecies="kraka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12307F34D30A3AFE42" box="[309,552,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Telchinia kraka kraka</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A12337C34D30AEBFE42" author="Aurivillius, P. O. C." box="[566,761,475,501]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" pagination="257 - 292" part="14" refId="ref9001" refString="Aurivillius, P. O. C. (1893) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Insektenfauna von Kameroun. 2. Tagfalter. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 14, 257 - 292." title="Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Insektenfauna von Kameroun. 2. Tagfalter" type="journal article" year="1893">Aurivillius, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A12324634D30C7EFE42" authority="Safian, 2015" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2015" box="[780,1132,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pilodeudorix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12324634D30BC4FE43" box="[780,982,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Pilodeudorix putu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A12329634D30C7EFE42" author="Safian, Sz." box="[988,1132,474,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" pagination="12 - 19" refId="ref10538" refString="Safian, Sz. (2015) Two new Epitolini from Liberia in the genera Stempfferia Jackson, 1962 and Cephetola Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis, 26, 12 - 19." type="journal article" year="2015">Sáfián, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A12353C34D30D8EFE42" authority="Safian, 2015" authorityName="Safian" authorityYear="2015" box="[1142,1436,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pilodeudorix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12353C34D30D1BFE42" box="[1142,1289,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">P. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A12345A34D30D8EFE42" author="Safian, Sz." box="[1296,1436,474,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" pagination="12 - 19" refId="ref10538" refString="Safian, Sz. (2015) Two new Epitolini from Liberia in the genera Stempfferia Jackson, 1962 and Cephetola Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis, 26, 12 - 19." type="journal article" year="2015">Sáfián, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A1231D534F70979FDAE" author="Safian, Sz. & Collins, S. C. & Libert, M." box="[159,363,510,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" pagination="62 - 78" refId="ref10723" refString="Safian, Sz., Collins, S. C. & Libert, M. (2015) Descriptions of seven new Pilodeudorix Druce, 1891 from equatorial Africa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Metamorphosis, 26, 62 - 78." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Sáfián
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A1231A534F70935FDAE" box="[239,295,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA412A12318D372B0B89FDD6" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12318D372B091AFD8A" bold="true" box="[199,264,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
The status of the single female from Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA412A12325F372B0B98FD8A" box="[789,906,547,573]" name="Cameroon" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
mentioned and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA412A12359D372B0D7FFD8A" author="Libert, M." box="[1239,1389,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" refId="ref10131" refString="Libert, M. (2020) Mise a jour de la Revision des Epitola l. s. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Private publication, Cameroon, 157 pp., 10 colour pls." type="book" year="2020">Libert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and its the locality on
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA412A12302A374F09BDFDD6" box="[352,431,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,183,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[151,1436,179,1117]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Type localities of C. wologizi and C. praecox and known localities of C. obscuralis, C. obscuralis ssp. (sensu Libert 2020) and C. aureliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046884/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A12309E374F0A78FDD6" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2020" box="[468,618,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960F270FA412A12309E374F0A78FDD6" box="[468,618,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="571">C. obscuralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA412A12333B374F0AF3FDD6" box="[625,737,583,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="571" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="could">ssp. could</taxonomicName>
|
||
not be assessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |