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<document id="6F00E5A14285A0FB2B9C45F584CA4F3F" ID-CLB-Dataset="25512" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac9a4b1b-b3d2-4bb0-9ed3-0232012e96c2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3442438" ID-ZooBank="532E84A9-7D58-4FDE-81DF-DD9F62B6742D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1568800657401" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Andreason, Sharon A., Dominguez, Chrysalyn &amp; Perring, Thomas M." docDate="2019" docId="03B587D0670A6E0472DCF955FB624E9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4671.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4671 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anagyrus callidus Triapitsyn, Andreason &amp; Perring 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="286" masterDocId="FF8CFFA8670B6E07724BFFD4FFC64D1E" masterDocTitle="On the origin of Anagyrus callidus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="289" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="284" updateTime="1698755226750" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="40F82209E3597933E7C423096B725830" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C87CE60DEDF6A73E36E037C92957B876">
<mods:title id="9B43134932BCF9BF8F5F2A761EB7A9CA">On the origin of Anagyrus callidus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role id="42759B2D8758446CD3A21163B837BD33">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D1DD1945102D9ABA3E7B85BCE73352C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="06F1A7C6A03542A1ED3A2E48B8F3663A">Triapitsyn, Serguei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6ED885CFE1A7218409AD5FE619863AD7">Andreason, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="FE0E47DEBEDCA3A9C7C2B22453A601EC">
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<mods:namePart id="979426FE056B8419E893A978447770B2">Dominguez, Chrysalyn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="2A661F2ED4542C176F2EB379066B3BAD">Perring, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="714C8F8EFC6095A187D836EFDFEB6503">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0F934973C8F630D30A5A5831DE4A499F">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="28208AB3D85DB6A2AAC650985DB35EC9">2019-09-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B587D0670A6E0472DCF955FB624E9D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159608475" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587D0670A6E0472DCF955FB624E9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587D0670A6E0472DCF955FB624E9D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<subSubSection id="C306654D670A6E0672DCF955FCA74B85" box="[151,865,1665,1692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA336C6670A6E0672DCF955FCA74B85" blockId="1.[151,865,1665,1727]" box="[151,865,1665,1692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<heading id="D0EB81AA670A6E0672DCF955FCA74B85" bold="true" box="[151,865,1665,1692]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D45670A6E0672DCF955FCA74B85" authority="Triapitsyn, Andreason &amp; Perring, 2019" authorityName="Triapitsyn, Andreason &amp; Perring" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,865,1665,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E0672DCF955FCA74B85" bold="true" box="[151,865,1665,1692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E0672DCF955FEB54B82" bold="true" box="[151,371,1665,1692]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Anagyrus callidus</emphasis>
Triapitsyn,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B37670A6E067043F955FCA74B85" author="Andreason, S. A. &amp; Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M." box="[520,865,1665,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" pagination="65 - 82" refId="ref4358" refString="Andreason, S. A., Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M. (2019) Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species. Biological Control, 129, 65 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2018.09.010" type="journal article" year="2019">Andreason &amp; Perring, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306654D670A6E0672DCF971FEE14BA1" box="[151,295,1700,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336C6670A6E0672DCF971FEE14BA1" blockId="1.[151,865,1665,1727]" box="[151,295,1700,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
(
<figureCitation id="13272A43670A6E0672D4F971FED84BA1" box="[159,286,1700,1727]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Anagyrus spp.: 1, A. callidus, base of male antenna (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin); 2, A. kamali, base of male antenna (Hunghu Farm, Guangdong, China); 3, A. callidus, habitus of female in lateral view prior to DNA extrac- tion (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin)." captionText-1="FIGURES 4–6. Anagyrus spp.: 4–5, A. callidus, habitus of female and male in dorsolateral view, respectively (Pingtung County, Taiwan); 6, A. kamali, habitus of male paratype in dorsal view (image courtesy of M.W. Gates)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442440" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442442" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3442440/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3442442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs 1, 3–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306654D670A6E0672DCF93EFD644A3E" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA336C6670A6E0672DCF93EFD644A3E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1769,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D45670A6E0672DCF93EFC314A1C" authority="Triapitsyn, Andreason &amp; Perring in Andreason et al. 2019: 68 - 71" authorityName="Triapitsyn, Andreason &amp; Perring in Andreason" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,1015,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E0672DCF93EFE894A1F" box="[151,335,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Anagyrus callidus</emphasis>
Triapitsyn, Andreason &amp; Perring in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B37670A6E06708EF93DFC314A1C" author="Andreason, S. A. &amp; Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M." box="[709,1015,1769,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" pagination="65 - 82" refId="ref4358" refString="Andreason, S. A., Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M. (2019) Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species. Biological Control, 129, 65 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2018.09.010" type="journal article" year="2019">
Andreason
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E067171F93EFCA84A1F" box="[826,878,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 68–71
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54A78864670A6E067649F93EFBF24A1C" box="[1026,1076,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Coachella Valley (various locations), Riverside County,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F824670A6E0673BEF8D3FD984A3E" box="[501,606,1799,1824]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B7656670A6E067023F8DCFD584A3E" box="[616,670,1800,1824]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306654D670A6E0572DCF899FD9A4C5D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA336C6670A6E0672DCF899FCE94ACA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1869,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E0672DCF899FE444A76" bold="true" box="[151,386,1869,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD4F670A6E0673C0F89AFE2B4A76" box="[395,493,1870,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="13272A43670A6E0673B5F89AFD854A76" box="[510,579,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Anagyrus spp.: 4–5, A. callidus, habitus of female and male in dorsolateral view, respectively (Pingtung County, Taiwan); 6, A. kamali, habitus of male paratype in dorsal view (image courtesy of M.W. Gates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) and
<materialsCitation id="3B743C9B670A6E0670CEF89AFCED4ACA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2413161089" collectingDate="VI. 6" collectionCode="USNM, TAI-, EBCL, FSCA" collectorName="Univ." country="Taiwan" determinerName="M. E. Schauff" location="Ping Tung" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pingtung">
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD4F670A6E0670CEF89AFD144A76" box="[645,722,1870,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="13272A43670A6E0670A8F89AFCEE4A76" box="[739,808,1869,1896]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Anagyrus spp.: 4–5, A. callidus, habitus of female and male in dorsolateral view, respectively (Pingtung County, Taiwan); 6, A. kamali, habitus of male paratype in dorsal view (image courtesy of M.W. Gates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), both on points [
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE03670A6E0671B9F899FB8D4A76" box="[1010,1099,1869,1896]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
], labeled as follows: 1. “
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE03670A6E067728F89AFA5A4A76" box="[1379,1436,1870,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">TAI-</collectionCode>
WAN:
<collectingRegion id="49D8F824670A6E0672ACF8A6FE9A4A93" box="[231,348,1906,1933]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Ping Tung</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="26E95310670A6E06732FF8A6FE644A92" box="[356,418,1906,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Univ.</collectorName>
coll.
<date id="FFA21006670A6E0673A8F8A6FDD44A92" box="[483,530,1906,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<collectingDate id="EFE6E9EE670A6E0673A8F8A6FDD44A92" box="[483,530,1906,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">VI.6</collectingDate>
</date>
-11.2000, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D45670A6E0670E1F8A6FBEC4A92" authority="(Green)" authorityName="Green" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[682,1066,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Maconellicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E0670E1F8A6FC0C4A92" box="[682,970,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Maconellicoccus hirsutus</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
on
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E06761DF8A6FB7E4A92" box="[1110,1208,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Hibiscus</emphasis>
sp.
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE03670A6E0676A2F8A6FAF64A92" box="[1257,1328,1906,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">EBCL</collectionCode>
(
<collectingCountry id="F30B7656670A6E067774F8A6FA534A93" box="[1343,1429,1906,1933]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
) -2000-2 BIRL-2000-Id # 9”; 2. “
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D45670A6E06704AF843FCEF4AAF" authority="(Moursi)" authorityName="Moursi" baseAuthorityName="Moursi" box="[513,809,1942,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E06704AF843FD794AAE" box="[513,703,1942,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Anagyrus kamali</emphasis>
(Moursi)
</taxonomicName>
det.
<determinerName id="7E7FDA02670A6E067115F843FC354AAE" box="[862,1011,1942,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">M.E. Schauff</determinerName>
2000”. Also the specimens mentioned in “Materials and methods” above in vials 1 and 3 [
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE03670A6E06709DF86DFCE34ACA" box="[726,805,1977,2004]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336C6670A6E05728CF809FD9A4C5D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1869,2041]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,153,540]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B968EAD4670A6E06728CF809FEB94AE6" bold="true" box="[199,383,2013,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Brief diagnosis.</emphasis>
Female with a combination of the following key features: first funicle segment of antenna (F1) entirely black and almost always with 2 multiporous plate sensilla, ratio of F1 length to pedicel length 0.61–0.76, and ratio of second funicle segment (F2) length to F1 length 0.97–1.06; minimum width of frontovertex 0.27–0.33× head width; marginal setae on fore wing inconspicuous or relatively short (the longest seta at most
<quantity id="4CE49B2367096E05774BFF35FA884DE5" box="[1280,1358,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 µm</quantity>
). Male antenna (
<figureCitation id="13272A4367096E0572B4FED1FE864C01" box="[255,320,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Anagyrus spp.: 1, A. callidus, base of male antenna (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin); 2, A. kamali, base of male antenna (Hunghu Farm, Guangdong, China); 3, A. callidus, habitus of female in lateral view prior to DNA extrac- tion (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442440/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) with a dorsoapical dark area on scape. See
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3767096E057171FED1FB814C01" author="Andreason, S. A. &amp; Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M." box="[826,1095,261,287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" pagination="65 - 82" refId="ref4358" refString="Andreason, S. A., Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M. (2019) Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species. Biological Control, 129, 65 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2018.09.010" type="journal article" year="2019">
Andreason
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E0571F0FED2FC334C01" box="[955,1013,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
for the detailed diagnosis and description of both sexes of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C306654D67096E04728CFE98FB624E9D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA336C667096E05728CFE98FC884F05" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E05728CFE98FE364C79" bold="true" box="[199,496,332,359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Comments on the origin.</emphasis>
Vial 1 from FSCA labeled as “
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E057105FE99FBCA4C79" box="[846,1036,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E057105FE99FBCA4C79" box="[846,1036,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Anagyrus kamali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667096E05761AFE99FB604C79" box="[1105,1190,333,359]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
” and vial 3 labeled as “
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E0572EFFEA5FEA44C95" box="[164,354,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E0572EFFEA5FEA44C95" box="[164,354,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Anagyrus kamali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667096E0573ECFEA5FE2C4C95" box="[423,490,369,395]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Egypt</collectingCountry>
Rear in California” contained wasps which were not
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E05760FFEA5FB694C95" box="[1092,1199,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E05760FFEA5FB694C95" box="[1092,1199,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. kamali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the scape of the male antenna (
<figureCitation id="13272A4367096E05732CFE41FE6E4CB1" box="[359,424,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Anagyrus spp.: 1, A. callidus, base of male antenna (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin); 2, A. kamali, base of male antenna (Hunghu Farm, Guangdong, China); 3, A. callidus, habitus of female in lateral view prior to DNA extrac- tion (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442440/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) lacked a median dark band characteristic of that species (
<figureCitation id="13272A4367096E057609FE41FB4A4CB1" box="[1090,1164,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Anagyrus spp.: 1, A. callidus, base of male antenna (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin); 2, A. kamali, base of male antenna (Hunghu Farm, Guangdong, China); 3, A. callidus, habitus of female in lateral view prior to DNA extrac- tion (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442440/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13272A4367096E0576D2FE41FB6F4CAE" box="[1177,1193,405,432]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Anagyrus spp.: 4–5, A. callidus, habitus of female and male in dorsolateral view, respectively (Pingtung County, Taiwan); 6, A. kamali, habitus of male paratype in dorsal view (image courtesy of M.W. Gates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">6</figureCitation>
). Rather, these speci- mens had a dorsoapical dark area on the scape characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E05712BFE6DFC1E4CCD" box="[864,984,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E05712BFE6DFC1E4CCD" box="[864,984,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some other species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E05777AFE6DFEE74CE9" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudococci">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E05777AFE6DFEE74CE9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Anagyrus pseudococci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E057006FE09FC954CE6" authority="(Howard)" authorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[589,851,477,504]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dactylopii">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E057006FE09FD1B4CE9" box="[589,733,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. dactylopii</emphasis>
(Howard)
</taxonomicName>
(also native to the
<collectingRegion id="49D8F82467096E057665FE09FB184CE6" box="[1070,1246,477,504]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Oriental region</collectingRegion>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E0576B9FE09FF3A4F02" authority="(Girault)" authorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudococci">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E0576B9FE09FA5A4CE9" box="[1266,1436,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. pseudococci</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E05737CFDD5FDF34F05" authority="Triapitsyn" authorityName="Triapitsyn" authorityYear="2018" box="[311,565,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vladimiri">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E05737CFDD5FE7B4F05" box="[311,445,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. vladimiri</emphasis>
Triapitsyn
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3767096E05700FFDD5FC844F05" author="Andreason, S. A. &amp; Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M." box="[580,834,513,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" pagination="65 - 82" refId="ref4358" refString="Andreason, S. A., Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M. (2019) Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species. Biological Control, 129, 65 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2018.09.010" type="journal article" year="2019">
Andreason
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E05708DFDD6FD384F05" box="[710,766,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF63664E67096E0572DCF846FD674AED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3442440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442440/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" startId="2.[151,264,1938,1963]" targetBox="[169,1419,553,1919]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA336C667096E0572DCF846FD674AED" blockId="2.[151,1436,1938,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E0572DCF846FEFC4AB5" bold="true" box="[151,314,1938,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E057374F847FE664AB4" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1896" box="[319,416,1939,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E057374F847FE664AB4" box="[319,416,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Anagyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.: 1,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E0573BFF847FD994AB5" box="[500,607,1939,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E0573BFF847FD994AB5" box="[500,607,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, base of male antenna (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin); 2,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E05777DF847FA504AB5" box="[1334,1430,1939,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E05777DF847FA504AB5" box="[1334,1430,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. kamali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, base of male antenna (Hunghu Farm, Guangdong, China); 3,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567096E057148F863FCA94AD1" box="[771,879,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467096E057148F863FCA94AD1" box="[771,879,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, habitus of female in lateral view prior to DNA extrac- tion (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA336C667086E04728CFF4DFC384CE9" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
Discovery of these two specimens in USNM confirms southern
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E0471CCFF4DFC1F4DAD" box="[903,985,153,179]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
to be the origin of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E0476E3FF4DFAD94DAD" box="[1192,1311,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E0476E3FF4DFAD94DAD" box="[1192,1311,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
introduced to the New World, as they undoubtedly are vouchers of the originators of the colony in
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E04762DFF69FB284DC9" box="[1126,1262,189,215]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, represented by the voucher specimens in vial 1 from FSCA. They were collected
<date id="FFA2100667086E0471C2FF35FB854DE5" box="[905,1091,225,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" value="2000-06-06" valueMax="2000-06-11" valueMin="2000-06-06">June 6–11, 2000</date>
at the National
<collectingRegion id="49D8F82467086E0476B0FF35FAA64DE5" box="[1275,1376,225,251]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Pingtung</collectingRegion>
University in Neipu Township,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F82467086E047380FED1FD4D4C01" box="[459,651,261,287]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E0470DFFED1FD2F4C01" box="[660,745,261,287]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, by the USDA, ARS European Biological Control Laboratory, Montferrier-sur-Lez, Hérault,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E0473A0FEFDFDF14C5D" box="[491,567,297,323]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">France</collectingCountry>
(EBCL) scientist(s) and then apparently had gone through the USDA, ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit quarantine laboratory (BIRL) in Newark,
<collectingRegion id="49D8F82467086E0476DCFE99FAC34C79" box="[1175,1285,333,359]" country="United States of America" name="Delaware" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Delaware</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E04775FFE99FA8C4C79" box="[1300,1354,333,359]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">USA</collectingCountry>
before being shipped to the rearing facility in
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E047006FEA5FD154C95" box="[589,723,369,395]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(either directly or via
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E04719AFEA5FB7C4C95" box="[977,1210,369,395]" name="Saint Thomas Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Saint Thomas Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E04768DFEA5FA5A4C95" box="[1222,1436,369,395]" name="United States Virgin Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">U.S. Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
USDA-supported insectary), and from there to Florida for release in
<collectingRegion id="49D8F82467086E0471D1FE41FB934CB1" box="[922,1109,405,431]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Broward County</collectingRegion>
on
<date id="FFA2100667086E047635FE41FAE94CB1" box="[1150,1327,405,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" value="2002-08-06">August 6, 2002</date>
. Morphologically, females from these vials (
<figureCitation id="13272A4367086E047069FE6DFDA24CCD" box="[546,612,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[169,1419,553,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Anagyrus spp.: 1, A. callidus, base of male antenna (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin); 2, A. kamali, base of male antenna (Hunghu Farm, Guangdong, China); 3, A. callidus, habitus of female in lateral view prior to DNA extrac- tion (from colony in Puerto Rico of Taiwan origin)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442440/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and the female from
<collectingRegion id="49D8F82467086E047111FE6DFBDF4CCD" box="[858,1049,441,467]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E047668FE6DFBB34CCD" box="[1059,1141,441,467]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
in USNM (
<figureCitation id="13272A4367086E0476BCFE6DFAFF4CCD" box="[1271,1337,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,174,1946]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4–6. Anagyrus spp.: 4–5, A. callidus, habitus of female and male in dorsolateral view, respectively (Pingtung County, Taiwan); 6, A. kamali, habitus of male paratype in dorsal view (image courtesy of M.W. Gates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) fully fit the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E04738BFE09FDFE4CE9" box="[448,568,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E04738BFE09FDFE4CE9" box="[448,568,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and key to it in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3767086E0470A7FE09FC3C4CE9" author="Andreason, S. A. &amp; Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M." box="[748,1018,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="65 - 82" refId="ref4358" refString="Andreason, S. A., Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M. (2019) Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species. Biological Control, 129, 65 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2018.09.010" type="journal article" year="2019">
Andreason
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E047126FE0AFC634CE9" box="[877,933,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336C667086E04728CFDD4FB624E9D" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E04728CFDD4FCC74F05" bold="true" box="[199,769,512,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">DNA sequences and results of genetic analyses.</emphasis>
Sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) obtained for females of vial 1 (
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E04718CFDF1FBDD4F21" box="[967,1051,549,575]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
origin; vouchers FSCA00033086 and FSCA00033087) matched at 99–100% (megablast algorithm; blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) with sequences deposited in GenBank® (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank) for
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E047150FDB9FC534F99" box="[795,917,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E047150FDB9FC534F99" box="[795,917,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Accession numbers
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E0476C7FDB9FACB4F99" box="[1164,1293,621,647]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK012234" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
MK
<date id="FFA2100667086E0476F2FDB9FACB4F99" box="[1209,1293,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" value="34-01-22">012234</date>
</accessionNumber>
–
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E047757FDB9FA5B4F99" box="[1308,1437,621,647]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK012237" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
MK
<date id="FFA2100667086E047702FDB9FA5B4F99" box="[1353,1437,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" value="37-01-22">012237</date>
</accessionNumber>
and
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E047281FD44FE8B4FB5" box="[202,333,656,683]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK025982" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">MK025982</accessionNumber>
–
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E047310FD44FE1B4FB5" box="[347,477,656,683]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK025985" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">MK025985</accessionNumber>
, respectively;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3767086E0470CFFD45FC4D4FB5" author="Andreason, S. A. &amp; Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M." box="[644,907,657,683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="65 - 82" refId="ref4358" refString="Andreason, S. A., Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Perring, T. M. (2019) Untangling the Anagyrus pseudococci species complex (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of worldwide importance for biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Genetic data corroborates separation of two new, previously misidentified species. Biological Control, 129, 65 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2018.09.010" type="journal article" year="2019">
Andreason
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E047143FD46FC854FB5" box="[776,835,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). COI and ITS1 sequences were not obtained for vial 3 (
<collectingCountry id="F30B765667086E04735FFD61FE9B4FD1" box="[276,349,693,719]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Egypt</collectingCountry>
); however, the D2 domain of the 28S (28S-D2) ribosomal RNA gene of both female (voucher FSCA00033075) and male (voucher FSCA00033088) specimens was sequenced and matched deposited
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E04776EFD0DFA5B4FED" box="[1317,1437,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E04776EFD0DFA5B4FED" box="[1317,1437,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences at 100% (
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E047330FD28FE394E09" box="[379,511,764,791]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK025921" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">MK025921</accessionNumber>
–
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E047046FD28FD554E09" box="[525,659,764,791]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK025924" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">MK025924</accessionNumber>
). Compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E047176FD29FC6F4E09" box="[829,937,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E047176FD29FC6F4E09" box="[829,937,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. kamali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences, these sequences matched at only 91-92% for the COI gene fragment, 93–94% for the 28S-D2 fragment, and no full-length matches to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E0476BEFCF5FA994E25" box="[1269,1375,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E0476BEFCF5FA994E25" box="[1269,1375,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. kamali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were obtained for ITS1. Therefore, genetic evidence confirmed the identities of these specimens as
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E0476E6FC91FAE34E41" box="[1197,1317,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidus">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E0476E6FC91FAE34E41" box="[1197,1317,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. callidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D4567086E0477CFFC91FF254E9D" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamali">
<emphasis id="B968EAD467086E0477CFFC91FF254E9D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">A. kamali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All sequences were deposited in GenBank (
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E047093FCBCFC9C4E9D" box="[728,858,872,899]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK388536" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">MK388536</accessionNumber>
–MK38853 and
<accessionNumber id="944FAB2567086E047659FCBDFB5F4E9D" box="[1042,1177,873,899]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK393193" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">MK393193</accessionNumber>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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