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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7AC77ABABF8EA5B75BFA7D" blockId="17.[151,1437,1430,1997]" box="[151,565,1430,1457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABABF8EA5B5D4FA7D" bold="true" box="[151,186,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">97.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABAE98EA4B75FFA7D" ID-CoL="6NC8R" ID-ENA="59647" authority="Supino, 1897" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[193,561,1430,1457]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABAE98EA4B4FCFA7D" bold="true" box="[193,402,1430,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes granulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABBB08EA5B75FFA7D" author="Supino, F." box="[408,561,1431,1457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="230 - 238" refId="ref256095" refString="Supino, F. (1897) Nuovi Ixodes della Birmania (nota preventiva). Atti della Societa Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali Residente in Padova, Serie 2, 3, 230 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 83719" type="journal article" year="1897">Supino, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
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Australasian: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77AB8DA8EA5B631FA7D" box="[754,863,1431,1457]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(east of Wallaces Line); Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABF2C8EA5B014FA7D" box="[1284,1402,1431,1457]" name="Cambodia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABABF8E89B5B4FA19" box="[151,218,1467,1493]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
(south), 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABB748E89B4F6FA19" box="[348,408,1467,1493]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABBE98E89B740FA19" box="[449,558,1467,1493]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(west of Wallaces Line), 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77AB9598E89B6DFFA19" box="[881,945,1467,1493]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
(the Ryukyu Islands), 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABEE48E89B06BFA19" box="[1228,1285,1467,1493]" name="Laos" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABF078E89B0F6FA19" box="[1327,1432,1467,1493]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABA9E8EEDB44BFA35" box="[182,293,1503,1529]" name="Myanmar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABB678EEDB4FCFA35" box="[335,402,1503,1529]" name="Nepal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(south and central), 10)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77AB88F8EEDB646FA35" box="[679,808,1503,1529]" name="Philippines" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 11)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77AB9778EEDB6BDFA35" box="[863,979,1503,1529]" name="Singapore" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, 12)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABE238EEDB10EFA35" box="[1035,1120,1503,1529]" name="Taiwan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 13)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABEB08EEDB190FA35" box="[1176,1278,1503,1529]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 14)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABF1E8EEDB0F6FA35" box="[1334,1432,1503,1529]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
; Palearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABB1D8D31B416F9D1" box="[309,376,1539,1565]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
(north), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABBD58D31B753F9D1" box="[509,573,1539,1565]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
(except the Ryukyu Islands), 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77AB9988D31B150F9D1" box="[944,1086,1539,1565]" name="South Korea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABE788D31B18DF9D1" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[1104,1251,1538,1565]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref219699" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1950 b) Ticks (Ixodoidea) of The Philippines. National Institute of Health Bulletin, (192), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1950">Kohls 1950b</bibRefCitation>
,
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Yamaguti
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABF4B8D31B0F3F9D1" box="[1379,1437,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
1971
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Hoogstraal
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1972
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</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77AB9FF8D79B06DF9A9" author="Vongphayloth, K. &amp; Douangboubpha, B. &amp; Sanamxay, D. &amp; Xayaphet, V. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Sutherland, I. W. &amp; Brey, P. T." box="[983,1283,1611,1637]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1035 - 1039" refId="ref262449" refString="Vongphayloth, K., Douangboubpha, B., Sanamxay, D., Xayaphet, V., Robbins, R. G., Apanaskevich, D. A., Sutherland, I. W. &amp; Brey, P. T. (2018 a) New locality records of Ixodes granulatus and Ixodes vespertilionis (Acari: Ixodidae) from tree-shrews (Scandentia: Tupaiidae) and bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Laos. Journal of Medical Entomology, 55, 1035 - 1039. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjy 019" type="journal article" year="2018">
Vongphayloth
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABE538D79B1DBF9A9" box="[1147,1205,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2018
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABEDF8D79B06DF9A9" author="Petney, T. N. &amp; Saijuntha, W. &amp; Boulanger, N. &amp; Chitimia-Dobler, L. &amp; Pfeffer, M. &amp; Eamudomkarn, C. &amp; Andrews, R. H. &amp; Ahamad, M. &amp; Putthasorn, N. &amp; Muders, S. V. &amp; Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[1271,1283,1611,1637]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Petney
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABF4B8D79B0F3F9A9" box="[1379,1437,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F7AC77ABAEF8DA1B476F801" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7AC77ABAEF8DA1B49BF939" blockId="17.[151,1437,1430,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABAEF8DA1B4D4F961" author="Clifford, C. M. &amp; Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[199,442,1682,1709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="115 - 137" refId="ref183670" refString="Clifford, C. M., Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (1975 a) The Ixodes ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of Nepal. Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 115 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 12.1.115" type="journal article" year="1975">
Clifford
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB0E8DA1B433F961" box="[294,349,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(1975a)
</bibRefCitation>
reclassified as
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB8498DA1B7C4F961" box="[609,682,1683,1709]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB8498DA1B7C4F961" box="[609,682,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
near
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB8CE8DA1B60DF961" authorityName="Olenev" authorityYear="1927" box="[742,867,1683,1709]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="redikorzevi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB8CE8DA1B60DF961" box="[742,867,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">redikorzevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens identified by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABE5D8DA1B023F961" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[1141,1357,1683,1709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="75 - 89" refId="ref203130" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1970 c) Human infestation by ticks (Ixodidae) in the Himalaya. In: Sing, K. S. &amp; Tandan, B. K. (Editors), H. D. Srivastava Commemoration Volume. Division of Parasitology of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, pp. 75 - 89." type="book chapter" year="1970">Hoogstraal (1970c)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABF478DA1B453F91D" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABF478DA1B453F91D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but there is a
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABBCB8D85B722F91D" box="[483,588,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">bona fide</emphasis>
record of this tick from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77AB9778D85B6CBF91D" box="[863,933,1719,1745]" name="Nepal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77AB9C88D85B1F3F91D" author="Pun, S. K. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Tarragona, E. L. &amp; Nava, S. &amp; Maharjan, M." box="[992,1181,1719,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="526 - 534" refId="ref244332" refString="Pun, S. K., Guglielmone, A. A., Tarragona, E. L., Nava, S. &amp; Maharjan, M. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: first record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 526 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.010" type="journal article" year="2018">
Pun
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABE3B8D85B122F91D" box="[1043,1100,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
consider
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABF238D85B020F91D" box="[1291,1358,1719,1745]" name="Nepal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nepal</collectingCountry>
within the range of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB0C8DE9B49BF939" box="[292,501,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABB0C8DE9B49FF939" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[292,497,1755,1781]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">Ixodes granulatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7AC77ABAEF8DCDB707F8AD" blockId="17.[151,1437,1430,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABAEF8DCDB7FEF8D5" author="Estebanes-Gonzalez, M. L. &amp; Cervantes, F. A." box="[199,656,1790,1817]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="23 - 37" refId="ref192473" refString="Estebanes-Gonzalez, M. L. &amp; Cervantes, F. A. (2005) Mites and ticks associated with some small mammals in Mexico. International Journal of Acarology, 31, 23 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950508684413" type="journal article" year="2005">Estébanes-González &amp; Cervantes (2005)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB9298DCDB6A4F8D5" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[769,970,1791,1817]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB9298DCDB6A4F8D5" box="[769,970,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southern
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABE5F8DCDB1A3F8D5" box="[1143,1229,1791,1817]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Neotropical), but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABABF8C11B49FF8F1" author="Guzman-Cornejo, C. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Perez, T. M." box="[151,497,1827,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="47 - 58" refId="ref200472" refString="Guzman-Cornejo, C., Robbins, R. G. &amp; Perez, T. M. (2007) The Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of Mexico: parasite-host and host-parasite checklists. Zootaxa, 1553, 47 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1553.1.2" type="journal article" year="2007">
Guzmán-Cornejo
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB4B8C11B4F3F8F1" box="[355,413,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
treated these records as misidentifications, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABE3F8C11B103F8F1" box="[1047,1133,1827,1853]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
is excluded from the geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABBB18C75B70CF8AD" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[409,610,1863,1889]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABBB18C75B70CF8AD" box="[409,610,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7AC77ABAEF8C59B476F801" blockId="17.[151,1437,1430,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Important molecular differences within populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB9018C59B69CF849" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" box="[809,1010,1899,1925]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB9018C59B69CF849" box="[809,1010,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABE1D8C59B115F849" box="[1077,1147,1899,1925]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABEAD8C59B1ABF849" box="[1157,1221,1899,1925]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABED28C59B00FF849" box="[1274,1377,1899,1925]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
have been found by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABB168CBDB492F865" author="Lah, E. F. C. &amp; Yaakop, S. &amp; Ahamad, M. &amp; George, E. &amp; Nor, S. M." box="[318,508,1935,1961]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="597 - 604" refId="ref224334" refString="Lah, E. F. C., Yaakop, S., Ahamad, M., George, E. &amp; Nor, S. M. (2016) Precise identification of different stages of a tick, Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodidae). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7, 597 - 604. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. apjtb. 2016.05.003" type="journal article" year="2016">
Lah
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB588CBDB4C6F865" box="[368,424,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
. Such results may indicate that more than one species exists under the name
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABF7B8CBDB476F801" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABF7B8CBDB47AF801" authorityName="Supino" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">Ixodes granulatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>