327 lines
36 KiB
XML
327 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="44A6B6A92FCDBFFDC4B030E693E67B22">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6EB6296BEC54EF23B069279D3B7D3E16">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8878AF3FB630FB1D319E21888D6C54B3">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="323FDFBAE55C3E75EF1CC680A8AFF4F2">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1BB0396B5CF2BA471A480A4B652E7807">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F79C779BABF8981B666FAB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7704243" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704243" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F79C779BABF8981B666FAB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F79C779BABF8981B666FAB5" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F79C779BABF8981B757FD01" box="[151,569,690,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F79C779BABF8981B757FD01" blockId="18.[151,1437,690,1401]" box="[151,569,690,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BABF8981B5A6FD01" bold="true" box="[151,200,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">103.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779BAE78980B75BFD01" ID-CoL="6NC95" ID-ENA="34612" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[207,565,690,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BAE78980B4CEFD01" bold="true" box="[207,416,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BB8F8981B75BFD01" author="Leach, W. E." box="[423,565,690,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="306 - 400" refId="ref225024" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linne arranged under Insecta: with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, and descriptions of several new genera and species. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, 11, 306 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1813. tb 00065. x" type="journal article" year="1815">Leach, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F79C779B8688981B008FC05" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F79C779B8688981B008FC05" blockId="18.[151,1437,690,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B8F28981B65FFD01" box="[730,817,691,717]" name="Algeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B9708981B6C3FD01" box="[856,941,691,717]" name="Austria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Austria</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B9FF8981B154FD01" box="[983,1082,691,717]" name="Belgium" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BE4C8981B014FD01" box="[1124,1402,691,717]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BABF89E5B594FD3D" box="[151,250,727,753]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BB0B89E5B416FD3D" box="[291,376,727,753]" name="Croatia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BB8989E5B490FD3D" box="[417,510,727,753]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Czechia</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B80F89E5B7FCFD3D" box="[551,658,727,753]" name="Denmark" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B89389E5B664FD3D" box="[699,778,727,753]" name="France" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">France</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B96989E5B6C4FD3D" box="[833,938,727,753]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Germany</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B9C889E5B118FD3D" box="[992,1142,727,753]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BE8489E5B190FD3D" box="[1196,1278,727,753]" name="Greece" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, 13)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BF1D89E5B0F6FD3D" box="[1333,1432,727,753]" name="Hungary" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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, 14)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BAEF89C9B477FCD9" box="[199,281,763,789]" name="Ireland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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, 15)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BB7E89C9B4E4FCD9" box="[342,394,763,789]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, 16)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BBE089C9B735FCD9" box="[456,603,763,789]" name="Luxembourg" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Luxembourg</collectingCountry>
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, 17)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B8B089C9B66EFCD9" box="[664,768,763,789]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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, 18)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B91689C9B6A6FCD9" box="[830,968,763,789]" name="Netherlands" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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, 19) North Macedonia, 20)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BF2589C9B006FCD9" box="[1293,1384,763,789]" name="Norway" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Norway</collectingCountry>
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, 21)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BABF882DB586FCF5" box="[151,232,799,825]" name="Poland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Poland</collectingCountry>
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||
, 22)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BB37882DB4EFFCF5" box="[287,385,799,825]" name="Portugal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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, 23)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BB90882DB74EFCF5" box="[440,544,799,825]" name="Romania" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Romania</collectingCountry>
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, 24)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B87F882DB7CBFCF5" box="[599,677,799,825]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Russia</collectingCountry>
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, 25)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B8F4882DB648FCF5" box="[732,806,799,825]" name="Serbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Serbia</collectingCountry>
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, 26)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B976882DB6ADFCF5" box="[862,963,799,825]" name="Slovakia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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, 27)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B9D2882DB131FCF5" box="[1018,1119,799,825]" name="Slovenia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
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, 28)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BEBE882DB1B7FCF5" box="[1174,1241,799,825]" name="Spain" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
, 29)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BF38882DB005FCF5" box="[1296,1387,799,825]" name="Sweden" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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, 30)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BABF8871B44EFC91" box="[151,288,835,861]" name="Switzerland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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||
, 31)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BB738871B4C2FC91" box="[347,428,835,861]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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||
, 32)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BBC08871B72CFC91" box="[488,578,835,861]" name="Ukraine" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B87B8871B78EFC91" author="Feider, Z." box="[595,736,834,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref193942" refString="Feider, Z. (1965) Fauna Republicii Populare Romane Arachnida Acaromorpha Suprafamilia Ixodoidea (Capuse) Volume 5, Issue 2, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romane, Bucarest, 401 pp." type="book" year="1965">Feider 1965</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Bailly-Choumara
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B9918871B69AFC91" box="[953,1012,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1974,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BE6D8871B19AFC91" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[1093,1268,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref194763" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BF2A8871B0F6FC91" author="Martyn, K. P." box="[1282,1432,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref229022" refString="Martyn, K. P. (1988) Provisional atlas of the ticks (Ixodoidea) of the British Isles. Biological Records Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK, 62 pp." type="book" year="1988">Martyn 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BABF8855B41CFC4D" author="Jaenson, T. G. T. & Talleklint, L. & Lundqvist, L. & Olsen, B. & Chirico, J. & Mejlon, H." box="[151,370,871,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="240 - 256" refId="ref211767" refString="Jaenson, T. G. T., Talleklint, L., Lundqvist, L., Olsen, B., Chirico, J. & Mejlon, H. (1994) Geographical distribution, host associations, and vector roles of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 240 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 31.2.240" type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Jaenson
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BADF8855B45EFC4D" box="[247,304,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BB558855B7F2FC4D" author="Papadopoulos, B. & Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A." box="[381,668,871,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="25 - 40" refId="ref240844" refString="Papadopoulos, B., Morel, P. C. & Aeschlimann, A. (1996) Ticks of domestic animals in the Macedonia region of Greece. Veterinary Parasitology, 63, 25 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0304 - 4017 (95) 00877 - 2" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Papadopoulos
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B8098855B734FC4D" box="[545,602,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B88F8855B646FC4D" author="Trilar, T." box="[679,808,871,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="213 - 216" refId="ref260135" refString="Trilar, T. (2004) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) on birds in Slovenia. Acrocephalus, 25 (123), 213 - 216." type="journal article" year="2004">Trilar 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B91B8855B17CFC4D" author="Cringoli, G. & Iori, A. & Rinaldi, L. & Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C." box="[819,1042,870,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref185591" refString="Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Cringoli
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B9BF8855B6BEFC4D" box="[919,976,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BE358855B186FC4D" author="Nijhof, A. M. & Bodaan, C. & Postigo, M. & Nieuwenhuijs, H. & Opsteegh, M. & Franssen, L. & Jebbink, F. & Jongejan, F." box="[1053,1256,871,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="585 - 596" refId="ref236135" refString="Nijhof, A. M., Bodaan, C., Postigo, M., Nieuwenhuijs, H., Opsteegh, M., Franssen, L., Jebbink, F. & Jongejan, F. (2007) Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 7, 585 - 596. https: // doi. org / 10.1089 / vbz. 2007.0130" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Nijhof
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BE468855B1C8FC4D" box="[1134,1190,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BEDB8855B0F6FC4D" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[1267,1432,871,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BABF88B9B4C9FC69" author="Santos-Silva, M. M. & Beati, L. & Santos, A. S. & Sousa de, R. & Nuncio, M. S. & Melo, P. & Santos-Reis, M. & Fonseca, C. & Formosinho, P. & Vilela, C. & Bacellar, F." box="[151,423,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="85 - 121" refId="ref251555" refString="Santos-Silva, M. M., Beati, L., Santos, A. S., Sousa de, R., Nuncio, M. S., Melo, P., Santos-Reis, M., Fonseca, C., Formosinho, P., Vilela, C. & Bacellar, F. (2011) The hard-tick fauna of mainland Portugal (Acari: Ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 55, 85 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 011 - 9440 - x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Santos-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BB0488B9B40BFC69" box="[300,357,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BB9A88B9B7E8FC69" author="Bursali, A. & Keskin, A. & Tekin, S." box="[434,646,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="91 - 104" refId="ref179236" refString="Bursali, A., Keskin, A. & Tekin, S. (2012) A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57, 91 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9530 - 4" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Bursali
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B82388B9B72DFC69" box="[523,579,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B8B988B9B647FC69" author="Krcmar, S." box="[657,809,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="19 - 57" refId="ref221647" refString="Krcmar, S. (2012) Hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) of Croatia. ZooKeys, 234, 19 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 234.3658" type="journal article" year="2012">Krčmar 2012</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B91D88B9B1FFFC69" author="Nowak-Chmura, M. & Siuda, K." box="[821,1169,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="125 - 155" refId="ref237187" refString="Nowak-Chmura, M. & Siuda, K. (2012) Ticks of Poland. Review of contemporary issues and latest research. Annals of Parasitology, 58, 125 - 155." type="journal article" year="2012">Nowak-Chmura & Siuda 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BEB488B9B005FC69" author="Petney, T. N. & Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J." box="[1180,1387,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="115 - 170" refId="ref242893" refString="Petney, T. N., Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 17.2.2" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Petney
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BED888B9B047FC69" box="[1264,1321,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BF5F88B9B4FEFC05" author="Estrada-Pena, A. & Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref192886" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Estrada-Peña
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BB3E889DB420FC05" box="[278,334,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BBB3889DB7F6FC05" author="Karbowiak, G. & Stanko, M. & Miterpakova, M. & Hurnikova, Z. & Vichova, B." box="[411,664,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="636 - 643" refId="ref213518" refString="Karbowiak, G., Stanko, M., Miterpakova, M., Hurnikova, Z. & Vichova, B. (2020) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Slovakia and new data about subgenus Pholeoixodes occurrence. Acta Parasitologica, 65, 636 - 643. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 020 - 00184 - 4" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Karbowiak
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B836889DB739FC05" box="[542,599,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B88B889DB614FC05" author="Hornok, S. & Meyer-Kayser, E. & Kontschan, J. & Takacs, N. & Plantard, O. & Cullen, S. & Gaughran, A. & Szekeres, S. & Majoros, G. & Beck, R. & Boldogh, S. A." box="[675,890,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref210220" refString="Hornok, S., Meyer-Kayser, E., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., Plantard, O., Cullen, S., Gaughran, A., Szekeres, S., Majoros, G., Beck, R. & Boldogh, S. A. (2021) Morphology of Pholeoixodes species associated with carnivores in the western Palearctic: Pictorial key based on molecularly identified Ixodes (Ph.) canisuga, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and I. (Ph.) kaiseri males, nymphs and larvae. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101715), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2021.101715" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Hornok
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B928889DB656FC05" box="[768,824,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B9AD889DB127FC05" author="Rubel, F. & Brugger, K. & Chitimia-Dobler, L. & Meyer-Kayser, E. & Dautel, H. & Kahl, O." box="[901,1097,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="183 - 214" refId="ref248704" refString="Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Meyer-Kayser, E., Dautel, H. & Kahl, O. (2021) Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 84, 183 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00619 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Rubel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B9E7889DB169FC05" box="[975,1031,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BE7C889DB034FC05" author="Rubel, F. & Brugger, K." box="[1108,1370,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="211 - 233" refId="ref248383" refString="Rubel, F. & Brugger, K. (2022) Maps of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) for Austria and South Tyrol, Italy. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86, 211 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 022 - 00688 - w" type="journal article" year="2022">Rubel & Brugger 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F79C779BAEF88E1B666FAB5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F79C779BAEF88E1B76BFBF9" blockId="18.[151,1437,690,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BAEF88E1B760FC21" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S." box="[199,526,979,1005]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref198957" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Guglielmone & Nava (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cautioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779B89688E1B6E9FC21" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[702,903,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B89688E1B6E9FC21" box="[702,903,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been confused with both related and unrelated tick species, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BBBA88C5B7C0FBDD" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[402,686,1015,1041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Guglielmone
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B80388C5B70DFBDD" box="[555,611,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021) treated Nearctic, Neotropical and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F79C779BE5288C5B1B8FBDD" box="[1146,1238,1015,1041]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779BF7B88C5B461FBF9" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BF7B88C5B461FBF9" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as misidentifications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F79C779BAEF8F0DB1A1FB09" blockId="18.[151,1437,690,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779BB628F0DB77CFB95" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[330,530,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BB628F0DB77CFB95" box="[330,530,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B87F8F0DB7C5FB95" box="[599,683,1087,1113]" name="Algeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B8CA8F0DB629FB95" box="[738,839,1087,1113]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
are based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B9CC8F0DB1CCFB95" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[996,1186,1087,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref194763" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Bailly-Choumara
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BABF8F51B5A1FBB1" box="[151,207,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1974), respectively.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BBE88F51B7F2FBB1" author="Petney, T. N. & Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J." box="[448,668,1123,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="115 - 170" refId="ref242893" refString="Petney, T. N., Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 17.2.2" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Petney
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B83B8F51B725FBB1" box="[531,587,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered Central Asia to be the eastern limit of the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779BF7B8F51B461FB6D" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BF7B8F51B461FB6D" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they believed that the records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779B8C78FB5B6D8FB6D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[751,950,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B8C78FB5B6D8FB6D" box="[751,950,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes crenulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779B9F48FB5B1AFFB6D" author="Pomerantzev, B. I." box="[988,1217,1158,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref243948" refString="Pomerantzev, B. I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2) 224 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1950">Pomerantzev (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
represented
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779BF7B8FB5B461FB09" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BF7B8FB5B461FB09" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BB608F99B76BFB09" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[328,517,1195,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref194763" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supported Pomerantzev´s diagnosis and we follow her opinion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F79C779BAEF8FFDB666FAB5" blockId="18.[151,1437,690,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BAEF8FFDB418FB25" author="Robbins, R. G." box="[199,374,1230,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="245 - 253" refId="ref246477" refString="Robbins, R. G. (2005) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Taiwan: a synonymic checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 245 - 253." type="journal article" year="2005">Robbins (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779B8468FFDB658FB25" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[622,822,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B8468FFDB658FB25" box="[622,822,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B9518FFDB6A5FB25" box="[889,971,1231,1257]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
are the result of misidentifications.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BF768FFDB42BFAC1" author="Richter, S. H. & Eydal, M. & Skirnisson, K. & Olafsson, E." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="3 - 10" refId="ref246215" refString="Richter, S. H., Eydal, M., Skirnisson, K. & Olafsson, E. (2013) Tick species (Ixodida) identified in Iceland. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences, 26, 3 - 10." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Richter
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BA948FC1B59AFAC1" box="[188,244,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed an unusual record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B8B38FC1B79EFAC1" box="[667,752,1267,1293]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, although these authors do not believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779BEFC8FC1B0F2FAC1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1236,1436,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779BEFC8FC1B0F2FAC1" box="[1236,1436,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is established there.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BBAB8E25B78AFAFD" author="Tavassoli, M. & Mohamadi, E." box="[387,740,1302,1329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="205 - 211" refId="ref257441" refString="Tavassoli, M. & Mohamadi, E. (2015) First report of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) hexagonus on chukar (Alectores [sic] chukar) in northwest of Iran and it's public health importance. Persian Journal of Acarology, 4, 205 - 211." type="journal article" year="2015">Tavassoli & Mohamadi (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allegedly found this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BE7E8E25B1E8FAFD" box="[1110,1158,1303,1329]" name="Iran" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but its presence in that country is not supported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F79C779BBE38E09B64AFA99" author="Hosseini-Chegeni, A. & Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z." box="[459,804,1339,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="2133 - 2166" refId="ref210448" refString="Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hosseini-Chegeni
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B8B18E09B7BEFA99" box="[665,720,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Consequently,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779B9FA8E09B149FA99" box="[978,1063,1339,1365]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BE198E09B1EDFA99" box="[1073,1155,1339,1365]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F79C779BE9F8E09B18AFA99" box="[1207,1252,1339,1365]" name="Iran" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
are not included within the geographic distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F79C779B8118E6DB666FAB5" box="[569,776,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F79C779B8118E6DB66AFAB5" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[569,772,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">Ixodes hexagonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |