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<mods:title id="8E028D4CCB4D50D0611B4976B49C82A0">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F51C751BABF8E25B596F92D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717779" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F51C751BABF8E25B596F92D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F51C751BABF8E25B596F92D" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F51C751BABF8E25B7BFFAFD" box="[151,721,1302,1329]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BABF8E25B7BFFAFD" blockId="58.[151,1437,1302,1761]" box="[151,721,1302,1329]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BABF8E25B5A7FAFD" bold="true" box="[151,201,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">101.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BAE68E24B70CFAFD" ID-CoL="CMH4" ID-ENA="251394" authority="Arag" authorityName="Arag" box="[206,610,1302,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoconcolor">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BAE68E24B770FAFD" bold="true" box="[206,542,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pseudoconcolor</emphasis>
Arag
</taxonomicName>
ã o, 1908c.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F51C751B8F08E25B112FAB5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751B8F08E25B112FAB5" blockId="58.[151,1437,1302,1761]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Neotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B9A08E25B694FAFD" box="[904,1018,1303,1329]" name="Argentina" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE0C8E25B117FAFD" box="[1060,1145,1303,1329]" name="Bolivia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE8B8E25B184FAFD" box="[1187,1258,1303,1329]" name="Brazil" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BF3C8E25B5AFFA99" name="French Guiana" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BAC48E09B43BFA99" box="[236,341,1339,1365]" name="Paraguay" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BBA98E09B481FA99" box="[385,495,1339,1365]" name="Suriname" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B8328E09B712FA99" box="[538,636,1339,1365]" name="Uruguay" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B8A48E09B6EAFA99" author="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P." box="[652,900,1338,1365]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref195625" refString="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P. (1958) Ixodides de la Guyane et des Antilles Francaises. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de la Guyane et de l'Inini, (446), 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1958">Floch &amp; Fauran 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B9A68E09B138FA99" author="Arzua, M. &amp; Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M." box="[910,1110,1338,1365]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="623 - 632" refId="ref173757" refString="Arzua, M., Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M. (2005) Catalogue of the tick collection (Acari: Ixodida) of the Museu de Historia Natural Capao da Imbuia, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22, 623 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752005000300015" type="journal article" year="2005">
Arzua
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B9F38E09B17AFA99" box="[987,1044,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BE4A8E09B0F6FA99" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S." box="[1122,1432,1339,1365]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="135 - 155" refId="ref198861" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S. (2006) Las garrapatas argentinas del genero Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae): distribucion y hospedadores. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 35 (3) 135 - 155." type="journal article" year="2006">Guglielmone &amp; Nava 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BABF8E6DB43DFAB5" author="Nava, S. &amp; Lareschi, M. &amp; Rebollo, C. &amp; Benitez Usher, C. &amp; Beati, L. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Durden, L. A. &amp; Mangold, A. J. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." box="[151,339,1375,1401]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="255 - 270" refId="ref234081" refString="Nava, S., Lareschi, M., Rebollo, C., Benitez Usher, C., Beati, L., Robbins, R. G., Durden, L. A., Mangold, A. J. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2007) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Paraguay. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 101, 255 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1179 / 136485907 X 176319" type="journal article" year="2007">
Nava
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BAF18E6DB47CFAB5" box="[217,274,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BB768E6DB703FAB5" author="Mastropaolo, M. &amp; Beltran-Saavedra, L. F. &amp; Guglielmone A. A." box="[350,621,1375,1401]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="186 - 194" refId="ref229180" refString="Mastropaolo, M., Beltran-Saavedra, L. F. &amp; Guglielmone A. A. (2014) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Bolivia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2014, 5, 186 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2013.10.005" type="journal article" year="2014">
Mastropaolo
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BBDB8E6DB745FAB5" box="[499,555,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B8508E6DB63EFAB5" author="Martins, T. F. &amp; Reis, J. L. &amp; Viana, E. B. &amp; Luz, H. R. &amp; Oda, F. H. &amp; Dantas, S. P. &amp; Labruna, M. B." box="[632,848,1375,1401]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="254 - 257" refId="ref228926" refString="Martins, T. F., Reis, J. L., Viana, E. B., Luz, H. R., Oda, F. H., Dantas, S. P. &amp; Labruna, M. B. (2020) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on captive and free-ranging wild animals in Tocantins State, a Cerrado-Amazon transition region of northern Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 46, 254 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2020.1757756" type="journal article" year="2020">
Martins
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B8FE8E6DB660FAB5" box="[726,782,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B9738E6DB101FAB5" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[859,1135,1375,1401]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref199969" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8" type="book" year="2021">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B9DC8E6DB142FAB5" box="[1012,1068,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F51C751BAEF8EB1B596F92D" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BAEF8EB1B0EFF9C5" blockId="58.[151,1437,1302,1761]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Difficulties can be encountered when attempting to morphologically separate
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BE358EB1B00FFA51" box="[1053,1377,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoconcolor">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BE358EB1B00FFA51" box="[1053,1377,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pseudoconcolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BABF8E95B4AEFA0D" baseAuthorityName="Conil" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[151,448,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auricularium">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BABF8E95B4AEFA0D" box="[151,448,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma auricularium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a problem that remains unresolved because there is no
<typeStatus id="548465E20F51C751BE608E95B116FA0D" box="[1096,1144,1447,1473]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
material for
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BF388E95B445FA29" baseAuthorityName="Conil" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auricularium">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BF388E95B445FA29" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma auricularium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that would enable a comparison of these species. A degree of uncertainty therefore attends published diagnoses of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BB038EDDB71FF9C5" box="[299,625,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoconcolor">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BB038EDDB71FF9C5" box="[299,625,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pseudoconcolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B8578EDDB6FAF9C5" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[639,916,1519,1545]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B9328EDDB63DF9C5" box="[794,851,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
, 2021).
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F51C751B9C78EDDB179F9C5" box="[1007,1047,1519,1545]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">See</collectingRegion>
also
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BE7A8EDDB0EFF9C5" box="[1106,1409,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BE7A8EDDB012F9C5" baseAuthorityName="Conil" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1106,1404,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auricularium">Amblyomma auricularium</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BAEF8D21B6E2F9B9" blockId="58.[151,1437,1302,1761]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BAEF8D21B4A8F9E1" author="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P." box="[199,454,1554,1581]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref195625" refString="Floch, H. &amp; Fauran, P. (1958) Ixodides de la Guyane et des Antilles Francaises. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de la Guyane et de l'Inini, (446), 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1958">Floch &amp; Fauran (1958)</bibRefCitation>
collected adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751B8B48D21B68FF9E1" box="[668,993,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoconcolor">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B8B48D21B68FF9E1" box="[668,993,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pseudoconcolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE2A8D21B1C7F9E1" box="[1026,1193,1555,1581]" name="French Guiana" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
, but its presence there was not confirmed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BBB18D05B7FAF99D" author="Binetruy, F. &amp; Chevillon, C. &amp; Thoisy, B. &amp; Garnier, S. &amp; Duron, O." box="[409,660,1591,1617]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="77 - 85" refId="ref177590" refString="Binetruy, F., Chevillon, C., Thoisy, B., Garnier, S. &amp; Duron, O. (2019) Survey of ticks in French Guiana. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 10, 77 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.09.003" type="journal article" year="2019">
Binetruy
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B82C8D05B750F99D" box="[516,574,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B8FA8D05B614F99D" box="[722,890,1591,1617]" name="French Guiana" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
is provisionally included within the geographic distribution of this tick, both in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BBD38D69B673F9B9" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[507,797,1627,1653]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref199969" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8" type="book" year="2021">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B8BC8D69B7A2F9B9" box="[660,716,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
and here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BAEF8D4DB596F92D" blockId="58.[151,1437,1302,1761]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BAEF8D4DB741F955" author="Romero-Castanon, S. &amp; Ferguson, B. G. &amp; Gonzalez, D. &amp; Lopez, S. &amp; Paredes, A. &amp; Webber, M." box="[199,559,1663,1689]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="115 - 126" refId="ref248105" refString="Romero-Castanon, S., Ferguson, B. G., G ¸ iris, D., Gonzalez, D., Lopez, S., Paredes, A. &amp; Webber, M. (2008) Comparative parasitology of wild and domestic ungulates in the Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, Mexico. Comparative Parasitol ogy, 75, 115 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1654 / 4267.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Romero-Castañón
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BBB68D4DB4B4F955" box="[414,474,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
allegedly found
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751B8DF8D4DB12EF955" box="[759,1088,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoconcolor">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B8DF8D4DB12EF955" box="[759,1088,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pseudoconcolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BEFE8D4DB040F955" box="[1238,1326,1663,1689]" name="Mexico" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, a record regarded as a diagnostic error by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B83B8D91B652F971" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[531,828,1699,1725]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref199969" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8" type="book" year="2021">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B8868D91B789F971" box="[686,743,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
. Consequently,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B9D88D91B128F971" box="[1008,1094,1699,1725]" name="Mexico" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mexico</collectingCountry>
is excluded from the range of this tick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>