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<mods:title id="94AF3482B58A07759DDCCA9979682DC2">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67A25BE437C9917D546CA48A25057C17">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="10F9C002FE4702FB5EA4AE854312CCBE">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47E6486F7C92B7F3965BA93CFDE33146">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03966A560F44C744BABF88E1B13FFA99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717684" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717684" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F44C744BABF88E1B13FFA99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F44C744BABF88E1B13FFA99" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F44C744BABF88E1B70BFC21" box="[151,613,978,1005]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F44C744BABF88E1B70BFC21" blockId="47.[151,1437,978,1365]" box="[151,613,978,1005]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BABF88E1B5D5FC21" bold="true" box="[151,187,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">49.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744BAEA88E0B70FFC21" ID-CoL="CMDY" ID-ENA="1987576" authority="(Lucas, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[194,609,978,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BAEA88E0B4D9FC21" bold="true" box="[194,439,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amblyomma gervaisi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BBE088E1B737FC21" author="Lucas, H." box="[456,601,979,1005]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="99 - 101" refId="ref226856" refString="Lucas, H. (1847) Ixodes gervaisii et Ixodes fusco-lineatus nn. spp. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 2, 5, 99 - 101." type="journal article" year="1847">Lucas, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F44C744B84488E1B131FB95" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F44C744B84488E1B131FB95" blockId="47.[151,1437,978,1365]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Afrotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744B90F88E1B617FC21" box="[807,889,979,1005]" name="Yemen" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Yemen</collectingCountry>
; Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744BE3B88E1B1F7FC21" box="[1043,1177,979,1005]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744BEEE88E1B06CFC21" box="[1222,1282,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744BF0788E1B0F2FC21" box="[1327,1436,979,1005]" name="Indonesia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(west of Wallaces line), 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744BBE388C5B760FBDD" box="[459,526,1015,1041]" name="Nepal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(south and central), 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744B93A88C5B61FFBDD" box="[786,881,1015,1041]" name="Pakistan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(east), 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744B9CA88C5B13CFBDD" box="[994,1106,1015,1041]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744BE5388C5B18FFBDD" box="[1147,1249,1015,1041]" name="Thailand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744BF2288C5B002FBDD" box="[1290,1388,1015,1041]" name="Vietnam" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
; Palearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744BB3C8F29B4F3FBF9" box="[276,413,1051,1077]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BB848F29B738FBF9" author="Kaufman, T. S." box="[428,598,1051,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref214242" refString="Kaufman, T. S. (1972) A revision of the genus Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, 390 pp." type="book" year="1972">Kaufman 1972</bibRefCitation>
, Hoogstraal 1973
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744B9348F29B164FBF9" author="Woodham, C. B. &amp; Gonzalez-Origel, A. &amp; Lopez-Leon, A. &amp; Guerena-Morales, R." box="[796,1034,1051,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="18 - 24" refId="ref265576" refString="Woodham, C. B., Gonzalez-Origel, A., Lopez-Leon, A. &amp; Guerena-Morales, R. (1983) Progress in the eradication of Boophilus ticks in Mexico 1960 - 80. World Animal Review, (48), 18 - 24." type="journal article" year="1983">
a, Tanskul
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744B9B98F29B6A7FBF9" box="[913,969,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BE3C8F29B1D5FBF9" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[1044,1211,1050,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
Keirans 1985
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BE848F28B1D5FBF9" author="Gang, Y. B. &amp; Jang, D. H." box="[1196,1211,1050,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="313 - 323" refId="ref196534" refString="Gang, Y. B. &amp; Jang, D. H. (1985) Scanning electron microscopic observations on the surface structure of the tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) female specimens. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 23, 313 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.3347 / kjp. 1985.23.2.313" type="journal article" year="1985">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Rahman &amp; Mondal 1985,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BAF58F0DB415FB95" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[221,379,1087,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BBAE8F0DB7AFFB95" author="Liyanaarachchi, D. R. &amp; Rajakaruna, R. S. &amp; Dikkumbura, A. &amp; De Silva, A. &amp; Rajapakse, R. P. V. J." box="[390,705,1086,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="146 - 148" refId="ref226043" refString="Liyanaarachchi, D. R., Rajakaruna, R. S., Dikkumbura, A. W, De Silva, A. &amp; Rajapakse, R. P. V. J. (2015 b) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodida) infesting five reptile species in Sri Lanka with sixteen new host records. Zootaxa, 3964, 146 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3964.1.11" type="journal article" year="2015">
Liyanaarachchi
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744B8128F0DB71CFB95" box="[570,626,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2015
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744B89B8F0CB7AFFB95" author="Roy, B. C. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Rehman, A. &amp; Nihoj, A. M." box="[691,705,1086,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1069 - 1079" refId="ref248310" refString="Roy, B. C., Estrada-Pena, A., Kr ¸ cken, J., Rehman, A. &amp; Nihoj, A. M. (2018) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1069 - 1079. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.03.035" type="journal article" year="2018">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Pun
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744B8D78F0DB659FB95" box="[767,823,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2018,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744B9AC8F0DB13DFB95" author="Petney, T. N. &amp; Saijuntha, W. &amp; Boulanger, N. &amp; Chitimia-Dobler, L. &amp; Pfeffer, M. &amp; Eamudomkarn, C. &amp; Andrews, R. H. &amp; Ahamad, M. &amp; Putthasorn, N. &amp; Muders, S. V. &amp; Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[900,1107,1087,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Petney
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744B9FF8F0DB17EFB95" box="[983,1040,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F44C744BAEF8F51B13FFA99" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F44C744BAEF8F51B6FEFB6D" blockId="47.[151,1437,978,1365]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Most records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744BBAF8F51B719FBB0" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[391,631,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BBAF8F51B719FBB0" box="[391,631,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amblyomma gervaisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been published under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744BE188F51B07DFBB0" box="[1072,1299,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Aponomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BE188F51B07DFBB0" box="[1072,1299,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Aponomma gervaisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BF7A8F51B444FB6D" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref251458" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1993 b) Contribuic &quot; o para o estudo da sistematica e taxonomia das especies do genero Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acarina-Ixodoidea). Estudos, Ensaios e Documentos, (157), 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1993">Santos Dias (1993b)</bibRefCitation>
applied the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744BBDF8FB5B662FB6D" box="[503,780,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Aponomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophiophilum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BBDF8FB5B662FB6D" box="[503,780,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Aponomma ophiophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to this tick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F44C744BAEF8F99B13FFA99" blockId="47.[151,1437,978,1365]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744BAEF8F99B4DBFB08" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[199,437,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BAEF8F99B4DBFB08" box="[199,437,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amblyomma gervaisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been widely confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744B90C8F99B180FB09" authority="(Keirans 1985 b)" baseAuthorityName="Keirans" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[804,1262,1194,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varanense">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744B90C8F99B145FB08" box="[804,1067,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amblyomma varanense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BE158F99B188FB09" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[1085,1254,1194,1221]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans 1985b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BED28F99B58CFB25" author="Camicas, J. L. &amp; Hervy, J. P. &amp; Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref179770" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Camicas
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BF4B8F99B0F3FB09" box="[1379,1437,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
treated this tick as an Oriental species, while Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744B95C8FFDB6C2FB25" box="[884,940,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2014, 2020) regarded
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744BE988FFDB0F2FB24" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1200,1436,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BE988FFDB0F2FB24" box="[1200,1436,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amblyomma gervaisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an Afrotropical and Oriental tick.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744B8188FC1B787FAC1" author="Kaufman, T. S." box="[560,745,1267,1293]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref214242" refString="Kaufman, T. S. (1972) A revision of the genus Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, 390 pp." type="book" year="1972">Kaufman (1972)</bibRefCitation>
validated records from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744B9DB8FC1B12FFAC1" box="[1011,1089,1267,1293]" name="Yemen" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(Afrotropical), and Hoogstraal (1973) found
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744BB1A8E25B771FAFC" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[306,543,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BB1A8E25B771FAFC" box="[306,543,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amblyomma gervaisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744B86A8E25B7A5FAFD" box="[578,715,1303,1329]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
(Palearctic), records that are treated as valid here. Nevertheless,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F44C744BABF8E09B416FA99" author="Wassef, H. I. &amp; Gallagher, M. D." box="[151,376,1339,1365]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="63 - 88" refId="ref264487" refString="Wassef, H. I., B ¸ ttiker, W. &amp; Gallagher, M. D. (1997) Further records of ticks (Acari: Argasidae and Ixodidae) from the Arab Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 63 - 88." type="journal article" year="1997">
Wassef
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744BAC68E09B449FA99" box="[238,295,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
did not include
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F44C744B8058E09B715FA99" box="[557,635,1339,1365]" name="Yemen" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Yemen</collectingCountry>
within the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F44C744B9758E09B124FA98" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[861,1098,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F44C744B9758E09B124FA98" box="[861,1098,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Amblyomma gervaisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>