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<mods:title id="57C09C5835E98CA09B1621D11408FC77">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F26C726BABF8EDDB1CAF8C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717978" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717978" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F26C726BABF8EDDB1CAF8C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F26C726BABF8EDDB1CAF8C9" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F26C726BABF8EDDB7EAF9C5" box="[151,644,1518,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F26C726BABF8EDDB7EAF9C5" blockId="77.[151,1437,1518,1797]" box="[151,644,1518,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726BABF8EDDB5C2F9C5" bold="true" box="[151,172,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F26C726BA9D8EDCB711F9C5" ID-CoL="6KX2Y" ID-ENA="1274519" authority="(Supino, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Supino" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[181,639,1518,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726BA9D8EDCB4A7F9C5" bold="true" box="[181,457,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Haemaphysalis asiatica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BBF28EDDB719F9C5" author="Supino, F." box="[474,631,1519,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="230 - 238" refId="ref256095" refString="Supino, F. (1897) Nuovi Ixodes della Birmania (nota preventiva). Atti della Societa Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali Residente in Padova, Serie 2, 3, 230 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 83719" type="journal article" year="1897">Supino, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F26C726B8A58EDDB4A7F9B9" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F26C726B8A58EDDB4A7F9B9" blockId="77.[151,1437,1518,1797]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726B9328EDDB633F9C5" box="[794,861,1519,1545]" name="China" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">China</collectingCountry>
(south), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726B9CE8EDDB13DF9C5" box="[998,1107,1519,1545]" name="Indonesia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(west of Wallaces Line), 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726BABF8D21B5BEF9E1" box="[151,208,1555,1581]" name="Laos" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726BAD08D21B40FF9E1" box="[248,353,1555,1581]" name="Malaysia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726BBA18D21B496F9E1" box="[393,504,1555,1581]" name="Myanmar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726B8378D21B71AF9E1" box="[543,628,1555,1581]" name="Taiwan" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726B8B38D21B66FF9E1" box="[667,769,1555,1581]" name="Thailand" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726B9018D21B6E6F9E1" box="[809,904,1555,1581]" name="Vietnam" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(Hoogstraal &amp; Trapido 1966,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BEFE8D21B0F6F9E1" author="Phan Trong, C." box="[1238,1432,1555,1581]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref243268" refString="Phan Trong, C. (1977) Ve bet va con trung ky sinh o Viet Nam. Tap 1 (Ixodoidea). Mo ta va phan loai. Hanoi, 489 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="1977">Phan Trong 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BABF8D05B4FFF99D" author="Tanskul, P. &amp; Inlao, I." box="[151,401,1591,1617]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="573 - 601" refId="ref256990" refString="Tanskul, P. &amp; Inlao, I. (1989) Keys to the adult ticks of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844, in Thailand with notes on changes in taxonomy (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 573 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.6.573" type="journal article" year="1989">Tanskul &amp; Inlao 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BBB48D05B726F99D" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[412,584,1590,1617]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="276 - 282" refId="ref221185" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (1995 b) Review of the ixodid tick fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) of Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32, 276 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 32.3.276" type="journal article" year="1995">Kolonin 1995b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726B87C8D05B65AF99D" author="Robbins, R. G. &amp; Karesh, W. B. &amp; Rosenberg, S. &amp; Schonwalter, N. &amp; Inthavong, C." box="[596,820,1591,1617]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="60 - 62" refId="ref246834" refString="Robbins, R. G., Karesh, W. B., Rosenberg, S., Schonwalter, N. &amp; Inthavong, C. (1997) Two noteworthy collections of ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from endangered carnivores in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Entomological News, 108, 60 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">
Robbins
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726B8918D05B79CF99D" box="[697,754,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726B9688D05B690F99D" author="Chen, Z. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Bu, F. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J." box="[832,1022,1591,1617]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
Chen
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726B9AB8D05B6D2F99D" box="[899,956,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BE218D05B047F99D" author="Vongphayloth, K. &amp; Brey, P. T. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Sutherland, I. W." box="[1033,1321,1591,1617]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="166 - 180" refId="ref262367" refString="Vongphayloth, K., Brey, P. T., Robbins, R. G. &amp; Sutherland, I. W. (2016) First survey of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos, and an updated checklist of the ticks of Laos. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 21, 166 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 21.2.2" type="journal article" year="2016">
Vongphayloth
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726BE858D05B188F99D" box="[1197,1254,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BF1C8D05B598F9B9" author="Petney, T. N. &amp; Saijuntha, W. &amp; Boulanger, N. &amp; Chitimia-Dobler, L. &amp; Pfeffer, M. &amp; Eamudomkarn, C. &amp; Andrews, R. H. &amp; Ahamad, M. &amp; Putthasorn, N. &amp; Muders, S. V. &amp; Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Petney
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726BFA08D05B5DAF9B9" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BB298D69B4D2F9B9" author="Zhao, G. P. &amp; Wang, Y. X. &amp; Fan, Z. W. &amp; Ji, Y. &amp; Liu, M. J. &amp; Zhang, W. H. &amp; Li, X. L. &amp; Zhou, S. X. &amp; Li, H. &amp; Liang, S. &amp; Liu, W. &amp; Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q." box="[257,444,1627,1653]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726BB698D69B414F9B9" box="[321,378,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F26C726BAEF8D4DB1CAF8C9" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F26C726BAEF8D4DB0E6F971" blockId="77.[151,1437,1518,1797]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Hoogstraal &amp; Trapido (1966) redescribed the male and female of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F26C726B98A8D4DB1C0F954" baseAuthorityName="Supino" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[930,1198,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726B98A8D4DB1C0F954" box="[930,1198,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Haemaphysalis asiatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described the alleged nymph and larva, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BBF88D91B7F4F971" author="Saito, Y. &amp; Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Vasuvat, C." box="[464,666,1699,1725]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1099 - 1103" refId="ref249200" refString="Saito, Y., Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Vasuvat, C. (1971) Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Identity and hosts of immature stages of H. (Rhipistoma) asiatica (Supino) from Thailand. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1099 - 1103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3277870" type="journal article" year="1971">
Saito
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726B8388D91B727F971" box="[528,585,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(1971)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that the described preimagines belong to a different species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F26C726BAEF8DF5B1CAF8C9" blockId="77.[151,1437,1518,1797]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F26C726BAEF8DF5B4F0F92D" author="Phan Trong, C." box="[199,414,1735,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref243268" refString="Phan Trong, C. (1977) Ve bet va con trung ky sinh o Viet Nam. Tap 1 (Ixodoidea). Mo ta va phan loai. Hanoi, 489 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="1977">Phan Trong (1977)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F26C726B8398DF5B671F92C" baseAuthorityName="Supino" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[529,799,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726B8398DF5B671F92C" box="[529,799,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Haemaphysalis asiatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F26C726B9718DF5B1E5F92D" box="[857,1163,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipalpis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F26C726B9718DF5B1E5F92D" box="[857,1163,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Haemaphysalis dentipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his list of ticks from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F26C726BABF8DD9B597F8C9" box="[151,249,1771,1797]" name="Vietnam" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, but the latter name is a synonym of the former name (Hoogstraal &amp; Trapido 1966).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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