193 lines
22 KiB
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193 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7A28DBF7FEBE9A7169C3E65D437C428E">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="32D313976B78020534485CD565BCA3E9">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77C2D0BC9E17AC3D605B7B6474E22E01">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03966A560F0EC70EBABF889DB701FAB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718244" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F0EC70EBABF889DB701FAB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F0EC70EBABF889DB701FAB5" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0EC70EBABF889DB620FC05" blockId="101.[151,1437,942,1401]" box="[151,846,942,969]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBABF889DB5A6FC05" bold="true" box="[151,200,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">174.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0EC70EBAF9889CB624FC05" ID-CoL="3J834" ID-ENA="1325872" authority="Nuttall & Warburton, 1908" authorityName="Nuttall & Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[209,842,942,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wellingtoni">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBAF9889CB762FC05" bold="true" box="[209,524,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Haemaphysalis wellingtoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EB83C889DB624FC05" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." box="[532,842,943,969]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="392 - 416" refId="ref237601" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1908) On a new genus of Ixodoidea together with a description of eleven new species. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 14, 392 - 416." type="journal article" year="1908">Nuttall & Warburton, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F0EC70EB97D889DB710FB95" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0EC70EB97D889DB710FB95" blockId="101.[151,1437,942,1401]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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Australasian: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBE39889DB110FC05" box="[1041,1150,943,969]" name="Indonesia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(east of Wallace’s Line); Oriental: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBB0E88E1B407FC21" box="[294,361,979,1005]" name="China" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">China</collectingCountry>
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(south), 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBBDC88E1B75EFC21" box="[500,560,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">India</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EB87788E1B7A2FC21" box="[607,716,979,1005]" name="Indonesia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(west of Wallace´s Line), 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBE0B88E1B1E2FC21" box="[1059,1164,979,1005]" name="Malaysia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBE9488E1B045FC21" box="[1212,1323,979,1005]" name="Myanmar" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBF7188E1B0F2FC21" box="[1369,1436,979,1005]" name="Nepal" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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(south and central), 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBBBB88C5B76DFBDD" box="[403,515,1015,1041]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EB80388C5B7EEFBDD" box="[555,640,1015,1041]" name="Taiwan" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EB88088C5B660FBDD" box="[680,782,1015,1041]" name="Thailand" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EB96C88C5B6CDFBDD" box="[836,931,1015,1041]" name="Vietnam" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EB99988C5B120FBDD" author="Anastos, G." box="[945,1102,1014,1041]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref168815" refString="Anastos, G. (1950) The scutate ticks, or Ixodidae, of Indonesia. Entomologica Americana, 30, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1950">Anastos 1950</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBE7188C5B031FBDD" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Lim, B. L. & Nadchatram, M. & Anastos, G." box="[1113,1375,1015,1041]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref207952" refString="Hoogstraal, H., Lim, B. L., Nadchatram, M. & Anastos, G. (1972 a) The Gunong Benom Expedition 1967. 8. Ticks (Ixodidae) of Gunong Benom and their altitudinal distribution, hosts and medical relationships. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 23, 167 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 314200" type="journal article" year="1972">
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||
Hoogstraal
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBEF288C5B07CFBDD" box="[1242,1298,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1972
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBF7A88C5B031FBDD" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[1362,1375,1015,1041]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="29 - 45" refId="ref251323" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1989) Descoberta de uma nova especie de carraca do genero Aponomma Neumann, 1899 (Acarina, Ixodoidea) da Africa central. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 4 - 3 (105), 29 - 45." type="journal article" year="1989">a</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Tanskul & Inlao 1989,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBB5B8F29B74EFBF9" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[371,544,1050,1077]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="276 - 282" refId="ref221185" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (1995 b) Review of the ixodid tick fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) of Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32, 276 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 32.3.276" type="journal article" year="1995">Kolonin 1995b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EB8048F29B66DFBF9" author="Durden, L. A. & Merker, S. & Beati, L." box="[556,771,1051,1077]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="85 - 110" refId="ref189743" refString="Durden, L. A., Merker, S. & Beati, L. (2008) The tick fauna of Sulawesi, Indonesia (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae and Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 45, 85 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9144 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Durden
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EB8AF8F29B7AFFBF9" box="[647,705,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EB9278F29B6A3FBF9" author="Chen, Z. & Yang, X. & Bu, F. & Yang, X. & Yang, X. & Liu, J." box="[783,973,1051,1077]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Chen
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EB97A8F29B6E5FBF9" box="[850,907,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EB9F18F29B04EFBF9" author="Geevarghese, G. & Mishra, A. C." box="[985,1312,1051,1077]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref197037" refString="Geevarghese, G. & Mishra, A. C. (2011) Haemaphysalis ticks of India. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 260 pp." type="book" year="2011">Geevarghese & Mishra 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBF038F29B5BCFB95" author="Kuo, C. C. & Lin, Y. F. & Yao, C. T. & Shih, H. C. & Chung, L. H. & Liao, H. C. & Hsu, Y. C. & Wang, H. C." pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref222095" refString="Kuo, C. C., Lin, Y. F., Yao, C. T., Shih, H. C., Chung, L. H., Liao, H. C., Hsu, Y. C. & Wang, H. C. (2017) Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from birds in Taiwan. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 587), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 2535 - 4" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Kuo
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBF4B8F29B0F3FBF9" box="[1379,1437,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBAF58F0DB4C4FB95" author="Petney, T. N. & Saijuntha, W. & Boulanger, N. & Chitimia-Dobler, L. & Pfeffer, M. & Eamudomkarn, C. & Andrews, R. H. & Ahamad, M. & Putthasorn, N. & Muders, S. V. & Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G." box="[221,426,1087,1113]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Petney
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBB188F0DB407FB95" box="[304,361,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBB9D8F0DB71FFB95" author="Zhao, G. P. & Wang, Y. X. & Fan, Z. W. & Ji, Y. & Liu, M. J. & Zhang, W. H. & Li, X. L. & Zhou, S. X. & Li, H. & Liang, S. & Liu, W. & Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q." box="[437,625,1087,1113]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Zhao
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBBDE8F0DB740FB95" box="[502,558,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F0EC70EBAEF8F51B701FAB5" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0EC70EBAEF8F51B4BAFAC1" blockId="101.[151,1437,942,1401]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBAEF8F51B4B0FBB1" author="Hoogstraal, H. & Lim, B. L. & Nadchatram, M. & Anastos, G." box="[199,478,1123,1149]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref207952" refString="Hoogstraal, H., Lim, B. L., Nadchatram, M. & Anastos, G. (1972 a) The Gunong Benom Expedition 1967. 8. Ticks (Ixodidae) of Gunong Benom and their altitudinal distribution, hosts and medical relationships. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 23, 167 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 314200" type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Hoogstraal
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBB618F51B4EFFBB1" box="[329,385,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1972a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0EC70EB8FD8F51B169FBB1" authorityName="Nuttall & Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[725,1031,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wellingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EB8FD8F51B169FBB1" box="[725,1031,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Haemaphysalis wellingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBEAF8F51B1B6FBB1" box="[1159,1240,1123,1149]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
are incorrect, but later Hoogstraal (1982) listed this tick as having been introduced into New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EB9CF8FB5B155FB6D" box="[999,1083,1159,1185]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where all parasitic stages have been found.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBB0B8F99B4D9FB09" author="Owen, I. L." box="[291,439,1195,1221]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref240497" refString="Owen, I. L. (2011) Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations. Zootaxa, 3143, 1 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3143.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Owen (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not list
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0EC70EB8168F99B61EFB09" authorityName="Nuttall & Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[574,880,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wellingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EB8168F99B61EFB09" box="[574,880,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Haemaphysalis wellingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EBE238F99B189FB09" box="[1035,1255,1195,1221]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Hoogstraal (1982) was probably referring to the portion of New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EB8F58FFDB640FB25" box="[733,814,1231,1257]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
belonging to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F0EC70EB9ED8FFDB15BFB25" box="[965,1077,1231,1257]" name="Indonesia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is provisionally included within the range of this tick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F0EC70EBAEF8E25B701FAB5" blockId="101.[151,1437,942,1401]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F0EC70EBAEF8E25B495FAFD" authorityName="Nuttall & Warburton" authorityYear="1908" box="[199,507,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wellingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBAEF8E25B495FAFD" box="[199,507,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Haemaphysalis wellingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is chiefly a parasite of bird species that have also been reported in the Palearctic
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F0EC70EBABF8E09B586FA99" box="[151,232,1339,1365]" country="Iraq" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBADF8E09B48BFA99" author="Yamaguti, N. & Tipton, V. J. & Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S." box="[247,485,1339,1365]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref265900" refString="Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15 (1), 1 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25691" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
Yamaguti
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F0EC70EBB448E09B4CAFA99" box="[364,420,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EBBD98E09B7EDFA99" author="Tsapko, N. V." box="[497,643,1339,1365]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="351 - 352" refId="ref260332" refString="Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2020">Tsapko 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and on remote islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F0EC70EB9BF8E09B174FA99" author="Joyce, C. R." box="[919,1050,1338,1365]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="25" refId="ref212413" refString="Joyce, C. R. (1965) Notes and exhibitions. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Soc iety, 19, 25." type="journal article" year="1965">Joyce 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but no permanent populations of this tick have been found in these regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |