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<mods:title id="B415BCC720AFBB0FDD4765F479190D4E">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3C25F8B45E5CE0FEA8FC76A616F7F720">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03966A560F06C705BABF8D4DB7A8FD3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7718301" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7718301" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F06C705BABF8D4DB7A8FD3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F06C705BABF8D4DB7A8FD3D" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BABF8D4DB5D4F955" bold="true" box="[151,186,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BAE88D4CB7F1F955" ID-CoL="3MWFF" ID-ENA="1564501" authority="Pomerantzev, 1946" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[192,671,1662,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BAE88D4CB4D1F955" bold="true" box="[192,447,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BBEE8D4DB7F1F955" author="Pomerantzev, B. I." box="[454,671,1663,1689]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref243883" refString="Pomerantzev, B. I. (1946) Ticks (Family Ixodidae) of the USSR and adjacent countries. Nauka, Moscow, 28 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1946">Pomerantzev, 1946</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F06C706B88F8D4DB613F881" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F06C706B88F8D4DB613F881" blockId="109.[151,1437,1662,2013]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
Afrotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9758D4DB6CAF955" box="[861,932,1663,1689]" name="Oman" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Oman</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9E58D4DB133F955" box="[973,1117,1663,1689]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(south), 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BEF58D4DB041F955" box="[1245,1327,1663,1689]" name="Yemen" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Yemen</collectingCountry>
; Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BA9F8D91B59DF971" box="[183,243,1699,1725]" name="India" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">India</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BB088D91B411F971" box="[288,383,1699,1725]" name="Pakistan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(east); Palearctic: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B85A8D91B790F971" box="[626,766,1699,1725]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9028D91B6E8F971" box="[810,902,1699,1725]" name="Bahrain" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Bahrain</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B99A8D91B69BF971" box="[946,1013,1699,1725]" name="China" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">China</collectingCountry>
(north), 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE528D91B1AEF971" box="[1146,1216,1699,1725]" name="Egypt" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BEC48D91B072F971" box="[1260,1308,1699,1725]" name="Iran" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BF608D91B016F971" box="[1352,1400,1699,1725]" name="Iraq" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BABF8DF5B5B6F92D" box="[151,216,1735,1761]" name="Israel" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Israel</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BAD78DF5B423F92D" box="[255,333,1735,1761]" name="Jordan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Jordan</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BB5C8DF5B494F92D" box="[372,506,1735,1761]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, 10)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8078DF5B7EAF92D" box="[559,644,1735,1761]" name="Kuwait" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
, 11)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8908DF5B655F92D" box="[696,827,1735,1761]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
, 12)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9598DF5B6DAF92D" box="[881,948,1735,1761]" name="Nepal" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(north and central), 13)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BE978DF5B070F92D" box="[1215,1310,1735,1761]" name="Pakistan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(west), 14)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BABF8DD9B5B9F8C9" box="[151,215,1771,1797]" name="Qatar" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Qatar</collectingCountry>
, 15)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706BB278DD9B4CEF8C9" box="[271,416,1771,1797]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(north), 16)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B8188DD9B700F8C9" box="[560,622,1771,1797]" name="Syria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Syria</collectingCountry>
, 17)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B88D8DD9B678F8C9" box="[677,790,1771,1797]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
, 18)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F06C706B9658DD9B6A5F8C9" box="[845,971,1771,1797]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B9F28DD9B18AF8C9" author="Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Kaiser, M. N. &amp; Mitchell, R. M." box="[986,1252,1771,1797]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1576 - 1585" refId="ref207511" refString="Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M. N. &amp; Mitchell, R. M. (1970 a) Anomalohimalaya lama, new genus and new species (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a tick parasitizing rodents, shrews, and hares in the Tibetan highland of Nepal. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63, 1576 - 1585. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 63.6.1576" type="journal article" year="1970">
Hoogstraal
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BE768DD9B1F8F8C9" box="[1118,1174,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
1970
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BEFF8DD9B18AF8C9" author="Norval, R. A. I. &amp; Spickett, A. M. &amp; Clifford, C. M." box="[1239,1252,1771,1797]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref236857" refString="Norval, R. A. I., Spickett, A. M. &amp; Clifford, C. M. (1987) The ticks of Zimbabwe. XVI. The genus Ixodes. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 18, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1987">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Geevarghese &amp; Dhanda 1987,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BB118C3DB493F8E5" author="Saliba, E. K. &amp; Wassef, H. Y. &amp; Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Main, A. J." box="[313,509,1807,1833]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="156 - 175" refId="ref249333" refString="Saliba, E. K., Wassef, H. Y., Hoogstraal, H. &amp; Main, A. J. (1990) The ticks (Ixodoidea) of East Jordan and the West Bank. Dirasat Series B, 17, 156 - 175." type="journal article" year="1990">
Saliba
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BBAD8C3DB4D2F8E5" box="[389,444,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B82D8C3DB634F8E5" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[517,858,1807,1833]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref170671" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950808683704" type="journal article" year="2008">
Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2008
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B9648C3DB634F8E5" author="Labruna, M. B. &amp; Martins, T. F. &amp; Nunes, P. B. &amp; Borges, F. C. &amp; Portero, F. &amp; Venzal, J. M." box="[844,858,1807,1833]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="973 - 977" refId="ref223664" refString="Labruna, M. B., Martins, T. F., Nunes, P. B., Borges, F. C., Portero, F. &amp; Venzal, J. M. (2013) New records of Amblyomma multipunctum and Amblyomma naponense from Ecuador, with the description of the nymph of A. multipunctum. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 973 - 977. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 13 - 254.1" type="journal article" year="2013">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Kleinerman
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B9C68C3DB14BF8E5" box="[1006,1061,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2013,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BE588C3DB025F8E5" author="Shubber, H. W. K. &amp; Al-Hassani, N. A. W. &amp; Kadhim, M." box="[1136,1355,1807,1833]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1518 - 1523" refId="ref254285" refString="Shubber, H. W. K., Al-Hassani, N. A. W. &amp; Kadhim, M. (2014) Ixodid ticks diversity in the middle and south of Iraq. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 5, 1518 - 1523." type="journal article" year="2014">
Shubber
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BEFB8C3DB064F8E5" box="[1235,1290,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BF7D8C3DB47FF881" author="Karim, S. &amp; Budachetri, K. &amp; Mukherjee, N. &amp; Williams, J. &amp; Kausar, A. &amp; Hassan, M. J. &amp; Adamson, S. &amp; Dowd, S. E. &amp; Apanaskevich, D. &amp; Arijo, A. &amp; Sindhu, Z. U. &amp; Kakar, M. A. &amp; Khan, R. M. D. &amp; Ullah, S. &amp; Sajid, M. S. &amp; Ali, A. &amp; Iqbal, Z." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref213594" refString="Karim, S., Budachetri, K., Mukherjee, N., Williams, J., Kausar, A., Hassan, M. J., Adamson, S., Dowd, S. E., Apanaskevich, D., Arijo, A., Sindhu, Z. U., Kakar, M. A., Khan, R. M. D., Ullah, S., Sajid, M. S., Ali, A. &amp; Iqbal, Z. (2017) A study of ticks and tick-borne livestock pathogens in Pakistan. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11 (6) (article e 0005681), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pntd. 0005681" type="journal article" year="2017">
Karim
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BABF8C01B5A1F881" box="[151,207,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BB348C01B4A7F881" author="Pun, S. K. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Tarragona, E. L. &amp; Nava, S. &amp; Maharjan, M." box="[284,457,1843,1869]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="526 - 534" refId="ref244332" refString="Pun, S. K., Guglielmone, A. A., Tarragona, E. L., Nava, S. &amp; Maharjan, M. (2018) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: first record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 526 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.010" type="journal article" year="2018">
Pun
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BB678C01B4E9F881" box="[335,391,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BBFA8C01B7C4F881" author="Alanazi, A. D. &amp; Al-Mohammed, H. I. &amp; Alyousif, M. S. &amp; Said, A. E. &amp; Salim, B. &amp; Abdel-Shafy, S. &amp; Shaapan, R. M." box="[466,682,1843,1869]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1027 - 1032" refId="ref167706" refString="Alanazi, A. D., Al-Mohammed, H. I., Alyousif, M. S., Said, A. E., Salim, B., Abdel-Shafy, S. &amp; Shaapan, R. M. (2019) Species diversity and seasonal distribution of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting mammalian hosts in various districts of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56, 1027 - 1032. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjz 036" type="journal article" year="2019">
Alanazi
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B8188C01B707F881" box="[560,617,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706B89D8C01B61FF881" author="Zhao, G. P. &amp; Wang, Y. X. &amp; Fan, Z. W. &amp; Ji, Y. &amp; Liu, M. J. &amp; Zhang, W. H. &amp; Li, X. L. &amp; Zhou, S. X. &amp; Li, H. &amp; Liang, S. &amp; Liu, W. &amp; Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q." box="[693,881,1843,1869]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706B8DE8C01B640F881" box="[758,814,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F06C705BAEF8C65B7A8FD3D" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F06C706BAEF8C65B78BF859" blockId="109.[151,1437,1662,2013]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
Many records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BBAB8C65B719F8BC" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[387,631,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BBAB8C65B719F8BC" box="[387,631,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been published under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BE3C8C65B0FBF8BC" box="[1044,1429,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="marginatum" subSpecies="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BE3C8C65B0FBF8BC" box="[1044,1429,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma marginatum turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a name still used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BB538C49B70DF859" author="Alanazi, A. D. &amp; Al-Mohammed, H. I. &amp; Alyousif, M. S. &amp; Said, A. E. &amp; Salim, B. &amp; Abdel-Shafy, S. &amp; Shaapan, R. M." box="[379,611,1915,1941]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1027 - 1032" refId="ref167706" refString="Alanazi, A. D., Al-Mohammed, H. I., Alyousif, M. S., Said, A. E., Salim, B., Abdel-Shafy, S. &amp; Shaapan, R. M. (2019) Species diversity and seasonal distribution of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting mammalian hosts in various districts of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56, 1027 - 1032. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjz 036" type="journal article" year="2019">
Alanazi
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BBF18C49B77FF859" box="[473,529,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
and others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F06C706BAEF8CADB6A5F811" blockId="109.[151,1437,1662,2013]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F06C706BAEF8CADB4D4F874" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[199,442,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F06C706BAEF8CADB4D4F874" box="[199,442,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is difficult to identify morphologically, as emphasized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F06C706BE1C8CADB0F6F875" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[1076,1432,1951,1977]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref170671" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950808683704" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
, and its supposed presence in several countries has generated controversy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F05C705BAEF8BA5B4F1FE45" blockId="110.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BAEF8BA5B743FF7D" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[199,557,151,177]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref170671" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950808683704" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705B8838BA5B615FF7D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[683,891,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B8838BA5B615FF7D" box="[683,891,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705B9958BA5B16DFF7D" box="[957,1027,151,177]" name="China" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
, as recorded in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BE878BA5B0F6FF7D" author="Teng, K. F. &amp; Jiang, Z." box="[1199,1432,151,177]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" refId="ref258421" refString="Teng, K. F. &amp; Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Teng &amp; Jiang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, is, in fact,
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BB258B89B764FF18" box="[269,522,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BB258B89B769FF18" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[269,519,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">Hyalomma turanicum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705B8398B89B7B0FF19" author="Chen, Z. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Bu, F. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J." box="[529,734,187,213]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. &amp; Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
Chen
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B87B8B89B7E2FF19" box="[595,652,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
and Zhang G.
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B9AE8B89B6D0FF19" box="[902,958,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2019) maintained that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BEE48B89B0F2FF19" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1228,1436,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BEE48B89B0F2FF19" box="[1228,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma rufipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BAC78BEDB48BFF34" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[239,485,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BAC78BEDB48BFF34" box="[239,485,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present in northern
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705B8CF8BEDB643FF35" box="[743,813,223,249]" name="China" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
, while Zhang Y.K.
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BE218BEDB12DFF35" box="[1033,1091,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2019) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BEE68BEDB0F2FF35" author="Zhao, G. P. &amp; Wang, Y. X. &amp; Fan, Z. W. &amp; Ji, Y. &amp; Liu, M. J. &amp; Zhang, W. H. &amp; Li, X. L. &amp; Zhou, S. X. &amp; Li, H. &amp; Liang, S. &amp; Liu, W. &amp; Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q." box="[1230,1436,223,249]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BF388BEDB024FF35" box="[1296,1354,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
held the opposite view. Here,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BBD98A31B75AFED1" box="[497,564,259,285]" name="China" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
is provisionally treated as being within the geographic range of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BF098A31B47CFE8C" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BF098A31B460FE8C" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">Hyalomma turanicum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BB338A15B710FE8D" author="Hosseini-Chegeni, A. &amp; Tavakoli, M. &amp; Telmadarraiy, Z." box="[283,638,295,321]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="2133 - 2166" refId="ref210448" refString="Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. &amp; Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae &amp; Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
Hosseini-Chegeni
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BBC68A15B747FE8D" box="[494,553,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705B8928A15B6A6FE8D" author="Perfilyeva, Y. V. &amp; Shapiyeva, Z. Zh. &amp; Ostapchuk, Y. O. &amp; Berdygulova, Z. A. &amp; Bissenbay, A. O. &amp; Kulemin, M. V. &amp; Ismagulova, G. A. &amp; Skiba, Y. A. &amp; Sayakova, Z. Z. &amp; Mamadaliyev, S. M. &amp; Maltseva, E. R. &amp; Dmitrovskiy, A. M." box="[698,968,295,321]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref242441" refString="Perfilyeva, Y. V., Shapiyeva, Z. Zh., Ostapchuk, Y. O., Berdygulova, Z. A., Bissenbay, A. O., Kulemin, M. V., Ismagulova, G. A., Skiba, Y. A., Sayakova, Z. Z., Mamadaliyev, S. M., Maltseva, E. R. &amp;, Dmitrovskiy, A. M. (2020) Tick-borne pathogens and their vectors in Kazakhstan - A review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (5) (article 101498), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2020.101498" type="journal article" year="2020">
Perfilyeva
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B9108A15B61DFE8D" box="[824,883,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
did not recognize
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BE8C8A15B0F2FE8C" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[1188,1436,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BE8C8A15B0F2FE8C" box="[1188,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as occurring in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BB638A79B416FEA9" box="[331,376,331,357]" name="Iran" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BB9C8A79B754FEA9" box="[436,570,331,357]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, respectively, and these countries are also provisionally included within the distribution of this tick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F05C705BAEF8AA1B7A8FD3D" blockId="110.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BAEF8AA1B745FE61" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G." box="[199,555,403,429]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="13 - 42" refId="ref170671" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Horak, I. G. (2008 b) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 13 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647950808683704" type="journal article" year="2008">Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
were unable to confirm the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705B9CA8AA1B1BBFE60" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[994,1237,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B9CA8AA1B1BBFE60" box="[994,1237,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BEDE8AA1B024FE61" box="[1270,1354,403,429]" name="Cyprus" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BF7C8AA1B0F6FE61" box="[1364,1432,403,429]" name="Libya" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Libya</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BAED8A85B476FE1D" box="[197,280,439,465]" name="Tunisia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
because the specimens from these countries that were thought to represent
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BE7A8A85B02BFE1C" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[1106,1349,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BE7A8A85B02BFE1C" box="[1106,1349,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were in fact
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BAEF8AE9B4B6FE38" box="[199,472,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BAEF8AE9B4BAFE38" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[199,468,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">Hyalomma marginatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BBF58AE9B7D5FE39" author="Bursali, A. &amp; Keskin, A. &amp; Tekin, S." box="[477,699,475,501]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="91 - 104" refId="ref179236" refString="Bursali, A., Keskin, A. &amp; Tekin, S. (2012) A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57, 91 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9530 - 4" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bursali
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B81C8AE9B705FE39" box="[564,619,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705B92C8AE9B696FE38" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[772,1016,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B92C8AE9B696FE38" box="[772,1016,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as found in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BE568AE9B1A1FE39" box="[1150,1231,475,501]" name="Turkey" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BF2B8AE9B471FDD5" author="Hekimoglu, O. &amp; Ozer, A. N." pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="501 - 519" refId="ref201481" refString="Hekimoglu, O. &amp; Ozer, A. N. (2017) Distribution and phylogeny of Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Turkey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 73, 501 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 017 - 0192 - 0" type="journal article" year="2017">Hekimoglu &amp; Ozer (2017)</bibRefCitation>
failed to confirm this statement, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705B8958ACDB663FDD5" box="[701,781,511,537]" name="Turkey" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Turkey</collectingCountry>
is provisionally excluded from the geographic distribution of this tick.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BB098911B4ABFDF1" author="Tsapko, N. V." box="[289,453,547,573]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="351 - 352" refId="ref260332" refString="Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2020">Tsapko (2020)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705B8C28911B68FFDF0" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[746,993,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B8C28911B68FFDF0" box="[746,993,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BE008911B11DFDF1" box="[1064,1139,547,573]" name="Russia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Russia</collectingCountry>
require confirmation, and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BABF8975B58CFDAD" box="[151,226,583,609]" name="Russia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Russia</collectingCountry>
is also excluded from this species’ range. The records of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705BE2D8975B195FDAC" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[1029,1275,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BE2D8975B195FDAC" box="[1029,1275,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BF688975B0F2FDAD" box="[1344,1436,583,609]" name="Somalia" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Somalia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BAEE8959B474FD49" box="[198,282,619,645]" name="Nigeria" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BB6A8959B486FD49" author="Pegram, R. G." box="[322,488,619,645]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="345 - 363" refId="ref241693" refString="Pegram, R. G. (1976) Ticks (Acarina, Ixodoidea) of the northern regions of the Somali Democratic Republic. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 345 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530000674 X" type="journal article" year="1976">Pegram (1976)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705B8348959B676FD49" author="Mamman, A. H. &amp; Lorusso, V. &amp; Adam, B. M. &amp; Dogo, A. G. &amp; Bown, K. &amp; Birtles, R." box="[540,792,619,645]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref227798" refString="Mamman, A. H., Lorusso, V., Adam, B. M., Dogo, A. G., Bown, K. &amp; Birtles, R. (2021) First report of Theileria annulata in Nigeria: findings from cattle ticks in Zamfara and Sokoto States. Parasites &amp; Vectors, 14 (article 242), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04731 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">
Mamman
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B8A68959B7ABFD49" box="[654,709,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
, respectively, require further studies to determine whether such specimens represent endemic tick populations; in the interim, these countries are not included within the range of this tick.
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F05C705BB0B8981B412FD01" box="[291,380,691,717]" name="Albania" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Albania</collectingCountry>
is included within the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F05C705B91B8981B144FD00" authorityName="Pomerantzev" authorityYear="1946" box="[819,1066,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705B91B8981B144FD00" box="[819,1066,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Hyalomma turanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F05C705BE718981B02EFD01" author="Gargili, A. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Spengler, J. R. &amp; Lukashev, A. &amp; Nuttall, P. A. &amp; Bente, D. A." box="[1113,1344,691,717]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="93 - 119" refId="ref196761" refString="Gargili, A., Estrada-Pena, A., Spengler, J. R., Lukashev, A., Nuttall, P. A. &amp; Bente, D. A. (2017) The role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: A review of published field and laboratory studies. Antiviral Research, 144, 93 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. antiviral. 2017.05.010" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gargili
<emphasis id="B94B07520F05C705BE9A8981B182FD01" box="[1202,1260,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
using a reference that does not support such a conclusion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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