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<mods:title id="93ED4B321F7D4A87AB1F64188C201F86">On the Planopilumnidae Serène, 1984 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pseudozioidea), with diagnoses of two new pilumnoid genera for species previously assigned to Planopilumnus Balss, 1933</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="164536F8FFEED34A84AAFB7FFE3FA71A" blockId="10.[151,457,1272,1298]" box="[151,457,1272,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="4D0D8194FFEED34A84AAFB7FFE3FA71A" bold="true" box="[151,457,1272,1298]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEED34A84AAFB7FFE3FA71A" ID-CoL="7PXDS" authority="Ward, 1933" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,457,1272,1298]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEED34A84AAFB7FFE3FA71A" bold="true" box="[151,457,1272,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEED34A84AAFB7FFEC4A71A" bold="true" box="[151,306,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEED34A8504FB7FFE3FA71A" author="Ward" box="[313,457,1272,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" refString="Ward, M. (1933) New genera and species of marine Decapod Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. Australian Zoologist, 7, 377 - 394, pls. 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1933">Ward, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="164536F8FFEED34A84AAFAC6FE2BA75F" blockId="10.[151,975,1344,1400]" box="[151,477,1344,1368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36EA11D6FFEED34A84AAFAC6FE2BA75F" box="[151,477,1344,1368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEED34A84AAFAC6FE2FA75F" ID-CoL="7PXDS" authority="Ward, 1933: 386" authorityName="Ward" authorityPageNumber="386" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,473,1344,1368]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEED34A84AAFAC6FEE8A750" box="[151,286,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="975B10E9FFEED34A8519FAC7FE2FA75F" author="Ward" box="[292,473,1344,1367]" page="386" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEED34A8519FAC7FE52A75F" author="Ward" box="[292,420,1344,1367]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" refString="Ward, M. (1933) New genera and species of marine Decapod Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. Australian Zoologist, 7, 377 - 394, pls. 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1933">Ward, 1933</bibRefCitation>
: 386
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.
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<typeStatus id="C941885AFFEED34A84AAFAE7FF39A770" box="[151,207,1376,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEED34A850CFAE6FD31A77F" authority="Ward, 1933" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1933" box="[305,711,1376,1400]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptissima">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEED34A850CFAE6FDB7A770" box="[305,577,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Rathbunaria sculptissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEED34A8674FAE7FD31A77F" author="Ward" box="[585,711,1376,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" refString="Ward, M. (1933) New genera and species of marine Decapod Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. Australian Zoologist, 7, 377 - 394, pls. 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1933">Ward, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation.
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<subSubSection id="5EE06573FFEED34B84AAFA21FEFEA124" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="164536F8FFEED34B84AAFA21FEFEA124" blockId="10.[151,1437,1446,2032]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,812]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEED34A84AAFA21FEEEA7C8" bold="true" box="[151,280,1446,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Carapace broader than long (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A8647FA21FD3AA7C8" box="[634,716,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 6A, 8C, D); carapace, pereiopods covered with relatively dense, short, relatively coarse pubescence partially obscuring surfaces, with teeth, ridges still visible; setae on carapace forming approximately hexagonal patterns in parts (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A8743FA76FC31A403" box="[894,967,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A); dorsal carapace regions almost flat (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A849DF991FF1DA438" box="[160,235,1558,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C); epigastric cristae short, relatively low, lined with 1–3 small granules, separated by Y-shaped groove; mesogastric cristae discernible but relatively low, lined with some small granules, posterior to, not contiguous with epigastric cristae, gently sloping towards centre of carapace; postorbital cristae very short, low, with small granules, near base of first anterolateral tooth, clearly separated from mesogastric cristae (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A849DF92CFF01A4CD" box="[160,247,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 6A, 8C, D); postorbital region prominently sunken (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A8796F92CFBF7A4CD" box="[939,1025,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, C, 6A, 8C, D); posterolateral, posterior carapace regions with distinct transverse submarginal grooves demarcated by rows of granules which connect to prominent grooves in sub-branchial region (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A8755F971FC43A518" box="[872,949,1782,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[311,1274,197,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[311,1275,197,1934]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Planopilumnus spongiosus (Nobili, 1905), syntype female (18.2 × 13.3 mm) (MNHN). A, dorsal view of carapace; B, frontal view; C, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen. (Photographs: T. Naruse)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275842/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 6A, D, 8C, D); subhepatic region with distinct tooth (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A8579F89CFE61A53D" box="[324,407,1819,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
B, C, 6B); grooves on sub-branchial region lined by rows of medially eroded granules (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A84A2F8C6FF11A553" box="[159,231,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[196,300,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,506,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,506,1818]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lateral views of carapaces showing sub-branchial region. A, Planopilumnus spongiosus (Nobili, 1905), male (25.6 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2009.349); B, Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), female (16.1 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1965.7.8.14)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275850/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B). Frontal margin with 2 truncate lobes separated by fissure or narrow U-shaped cleft; inner angle of supraorbital margin prominent, almost reaching or slightly exceeding frontal margin, sloping, with median fissure that divides margin into 2 parts, the outer part longer (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A8763F80CFC58A5AD" box="[862,942,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 6A, 8C, D). Suborbital margin sinuous, appearing sublobate (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A85A1F836FE04A5C3" box="[412,498,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
B, C, 6B). Surfaces of third maxilliped with numerous eroded depressions of varying sizes, anteroexternal angle distinct but not prominently auricuiliform (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEED34A8012F851FB80A5F8" box="[1071,1142,2006,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,205,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[157,1429,194,1730]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view of carapace; left side denuded; B, frontal view showing orbits, epistome, antennule and antenna (denuded); C, left third maxilliped (denuded); D, left side of carapace showing channels (denuded); E, left chela (dorso-marginal view); F, right third ambulatory leg (denuded); G, right fourth ambulatory leg (denuded); H, anterior part of thoracic sternum (denuded). Scales: A, E, G = 3.0 mm; B, H = 2.0 mm; C, D = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275847/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C). External orbital tooth truncate, margin uneven to sinuous; first, second anterolateral teeth subequal, dorsoventrally flattened, appearing foliaceous, with first tooth sometimes subtruncate, without obvious median ridge; third anterolateral tooth small (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B85F5FF65FDEFA2F4" box="[456,537,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, B, 6A, B). Chelipeds of adult males, females subequal or with one chela slightly larger; dorsal margin of chela with 2 prominent ridges; carpus, merus, palm with prominent ridges, surfaces with numerous eroded depressions of varying sizes; merus with a prominent sharp submedian tooth, prominent subdistal tooth; inner distal tooth of carpus large, lobiform; setae dense but covering only flattened, depressed areas of articles, ridges glabrous, clearly visible; on chela, only fingers, ridges glabrous; outer surfaces of palms of both sexes never completely glabrous (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B8747FE1AFC27A3BF" box="[890,977,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B87DDFE1AFC06A3BF" box="[992,1008,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,205,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[157,1429,194,1730]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view of carapace; left side denuded; B, frontal view showing orbits, epistome, antennule and antenna (denuded); C, left third maxilliped (denuded); D, left side of carapace showing channels (denuded); E, left chela (dorso-marginal view); F, right third ambulatory leg (denuded); G, right fourth ambulatory leg (denuded); H, anterior part of thoracic sternum (denuded). Scales: A, E, G = 3.0 mm; B, H = 2.0 mm; C, D = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275847/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">6</figureCitation>
E). Ambulatory leg with numerous eroded depressions of varying sizes (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B8678FE45FD63A3D4" box="[581,661,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 6F, G, 10C, D); dorsal margins of merus, carpus, propodus with low crest; merus of first to third ambulatory legs with prominent subdorsal ridge, subdistal tooth large; carpus, propodus with prominent submedian ridges; setae dense but covering only flattened, depressed areas of articles, ridges glabrous, clearly visible (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B8648FDB5FD30A044" box="[629,710,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 6F, G, 10C, D). Surface of anterior thoracic sternum, outer surfaces of abdomen with numerous eroded depressions of varying sizes (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B8028FDDFFB9FA07A" box="[1045,1129,600,626]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
B, 6H, 7A); sternites 1, 2 completely fused without trace of suture; s2/3 complete; s3/4 medially interrupted; s4/5, s5/6, s6/7 appears medially interrupted; s7/8 complete; longitudinal median groove present from sternites 6–8; male press button relatively low, on posterior margin of sternite 5; all abdominal somites, telson mobile. G1 relatively more slender, long, gently curved outwards, distal part tapering to sharp tip (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B87F3FD6AFBE5A10F" box="[974,1043,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,260,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[159,1420,197,1058]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1093]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, abdomen (denuded); B, left G 1 (ventral view); C, left G 1 (dorso-marginal view); D, distal part of left G 1 (ventral view); E, left G 2. Scales: A = 2.0 mm; B, C, E = 0.5 mm; D = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275848/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B–D). G2 about half length of G1 (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFEFD34B84A2FC95FF13A124" box="[159,229,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,260,1101,1125]" captionTargetBox="[159,1420,197,1058]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1093]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, abdomen (denuded); B, left G 1 (ventral view); C, left G 1 (dorso-marginal view); D, distal part of left G 1 (ventral view); E, left G 2. Scales: A = 2.0 mm; B, C, E = 0.5 mm; D = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275848/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="42856670FFEFD34B84AAF8FAFE1BA5FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275849/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[151,1435,845,1905]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="164536F8FFEFD34B84AAF8FAFE1BA5FC" blockId="11.[151,1436,1917,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEFD34B84AAF8FAFEEDA59D" bold="true" box="[151,283,1917,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Dorsal views of carapaces. A, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEFD34B8650F8FAFBC5A59C" authority="Nobili, 1905" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1905" box="[621,1075,1917,1940]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongiosus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEFD34B8650F8FAFC78A59C" box="[621,910,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Planopilumnus spongiosus</emphasis>
(Nobili, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
, syntype female (13.8 × 9.8 mm) (MNHN); B, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEFD34B8512F81AFCFFA5BC" authority="Nobili, 1905" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1905" box="[303,777,1949,1972]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongiosus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEFD34B8512F81AFDABA5BC" box="[303,605,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Planopilumnus spongiosus</emphasis>
(Nobili, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
, male (25.6 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2009.349); C, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEFD34B8132F81AFE65A5DC" authority="Balss, 1933" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1933" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEFD34B8132F81AFF0BA5DC" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Rathbunaria orientalis</emphasis>
(Balss, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
, female (10.4 × 7.9 mm) (ZRC 1995.214); D, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEFD34B87BDF83AFAFCA5DC" authority="Balss, 1933" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1933" box="[896,1290,1981,2004]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEFD34B87BDF83AFB85A5DC" box="[896,1139,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Rathbunaria orientalis</emphasis>
(Balss, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
, female (16.1 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1965.7.8.14).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42856670FFE8D34C84AAFF10FBACA2A7" ID-Table-UUID="42856670FFE8D34C84AAFF10FBACA2A7" box="[151,1114,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/42856670FFE8D34C84AAFF10FBACA2A7" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[151,1426,202,1482]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="164536F8FFE8D34C84AAFF10FBACA2A7" blockId="12.[151,1114,151,175]" box="[151,1114,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C84AAFF10FEFEA2A7" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Differences between 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C85CFFF1FFCECA2A7" authority="Balss, 1933" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1933" box="[498,794,152,175]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C85CFFF1FFD62A2A7" box="[498,660,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
Balss, 1933
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C876CFF1FFBACA2A7" authority="Ward, 1933" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1933" box="[849,1114,152,175]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C876CFF1FFC2EA2A7" box="[849,984,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
Ward, 1933
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="164536F8FFE8D34C85A0FF4DFB9DA7C2" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<table id="64FAC458FFE82CBF84AAFF4DFA64A7C2" box="[151,1426,202,1482]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFF4DFA64A2D7" box="[151,1426,202,223]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FF4DFC7DA2D7" box="[413,907,202,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C85A0FF4DFDD8A2D7" box="[413,558,202,223]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C85A0FF4DFDD8A2D7" box="[413,558,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFF4DFA64A2D7" box="[929,1426,202,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C879CFF4DFBECA2D7" box="[929,1050,202,223]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C879CFF4DFBECA2D7" box="[929,1050,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFF75FA64A3DC" box="[151,1426,242,468]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFF75FE9EA3DC" box="[151,360,242,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Dorsal surface of carapace</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FF75FC7DA3DC" box="[413,907,242,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Regions gently convex; postorbital region elevated not sunken (Figs. 1B, C, 3A, B, 4A, 8A, B); epigastric, mesogastric and postorbital cristae prominent, lined with numerous granules (Figs. 1A, 2, 8A, B); posterolateral and posterior carapace regions without transverse submarginal grooves (Figs. 1A, 2, 8A, B)</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFF75FA64A3DC" box="[929,1426,242,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Regions almost flat; postorbital region prominently sunken (Fig. 5C); epigastric, mesogastric and postorbital cristae short, not distinct, lined only with scattered granules (Figs. 5A, 6A, 8C, D); posterolateral and posterior carapace regions with distinct transverse submarginal grooves which connect to grooves in sub-branchial region (Figs. 5A, 6A, D, 8C, D)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFE60FA64A03F" box="[151,1426,487,567]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFE60FE9EA03F" box="[151,360,487,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Anterolateral margin</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FE60FC7DA03F" box="[413,907,487,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">First and second teeth not prominently flattened dorsoventrally, with short, low, median longitudinal ridge (Figs. 1A, 2, 4A, 8A, B)</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFE60FA64A03F" box="[929,1426,487,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">First and second teeth prominently flattened dorsoventrally, appears foliaceous, without discernible longitudinal ridge (Figs. 5A, 6A, 8C, D)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFDCDFA64A092" box="[151,1426,586,666]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFDCDFE9EA092" box="[151,360,586,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Frontal and orbital regions</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FDCDFC7DA092" box="[413,907,586,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Inner angle of supraorbital margin low; postorbital region not prominently sunken in (Figs. 1A, B, 2, 3A, 4A, 8A, B)</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFDCDFA64A092" box="[929,1426,586,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Inner angle of supraorbital margin prominent; postorbital region prominently sunken in (Figs. 5A, C, 6A, 8C, D)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFD2AFA64A0D7" box="[151,1426,685,735]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFD2AFE9EA0D7" box="[151,360,685,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Sub-branchial region</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FD2AFC7DA0D7" box="[413,907,685,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">With indistinct groups of low granules not arranged into ridges (Fig. 9A)</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFD2AFA64A0D7" box="[929,1426,685,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">With numerous medially eroded granules distinctly arranged into ridges to form grooves (Fig. 9B)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFD75FA64A624" box="[151,1426,754,1068]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFD75FE9EA624" box="[151,360,754,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Chelipeds</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FD75FC7DA624" box="[413,907,754,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Surfaces smooth or with scattered granules, without ridges, pits or eroded depressions; dorsal margin of chela rounded without ridges although shallow longitudinal subdorsal groove may be present; merus without submedian or subdistal teeth; inner distal tooth of carpus low, dentiform; dense setae evenly covering and obscuring almost all surfaces except for outer and inner surfaces of palm and fingers; outer surface of larger palm of both sexes almost completely glabrous (Figs. 2, 3C, D).</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFD75FA64A624" box="[929,1426,754,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Surfaces with eroded depressions of varying sizes, setae covers all surfaces except for ridges; dorsal margin of chela with 2 prominent ridges; carpus and merus with prominent ridges; merus with a prominent sharp submedian tooth and a subdistal tooth; inner distal tooth of carpus large, lobiform; setae dense but covering only flattened and depressed areas of articles, ridges glabrous, clearly visible; on chela, only fingers and ridges glabrous; outer surfaces of palms of both sexes never completely glabrous (Figs. 5, 6E)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFBB8FA64A72A" box="[151,1426,1087,1314]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFBB8FE9EA72A" box="[151,360,1087,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Ambulatory legs</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FBB8FC7DA72A" box="[413,907,1087,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Surfaces smooth or with scattered low granules; articles not crested, without ridges; merus of first to third legs with low subdistal tooth; dense setae evenly covering and obscuring almost all surfaces (Figs. 2, 10A, B)</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFBB8FA64A72A" box="[929,1426,1087,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Surfaces with eroded depressions of varying sizes; merus, carpus and proposed with dorsal crest; merus of first to third legs with prominent subdorsal ridge, subdistal tooth large; carpus and propodus with prominent submedian ridges; setae dense but covering only flattened and depressed areas of articles, ridges glabrous, clearly visible (Figs. 5, 6F, G)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFAB2FA64A78C" box="[151,1426,1333,1412]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFAB2FE9EA78C" box="[151,360,1333,1412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Surfaces of anterior thoracic sternum and abdomen</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FAB2FC7DA78C" box="[413,907,1333,1412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">With scattered granules but without depressions (Figs. 1C, 3B)</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFAB2FA64A78C" box="[929,1426,1333,1412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">With numerous eroded depressions of varying sizes (Figs. 5B, 6H, 7A)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8CA34BAFFE82CBF84AAFA10FA64A7C2" box="[151,1426,1431,1482]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<th id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF84AAFA10FE9EA7C2" box="[151,360,1431,1482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">G1</th>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF85A0FA10FC7DA7C2" box="[413,907,1431,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Relatively short, stout with tip prominently dilated, appearing flared (Fig. 4C, D)</td>
<td id="EB1B5DC6FFE82CBF879CFA10FA64A7C2" box="[929,1426,1431,1482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Relatively slender, longer, distal part tapering to sharp tip (Fig. 7B-D)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="5EE06573FFE8D34E84FBF9B2FD6DA39A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="164536F8FFE8D34C84FBF9B2FCE5A597" blockId="12.[151,1437,1589,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C84FBF9B2FEC9A447" bold="true" box="[198,319,1589,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C8575F9B2FE2AA446" box="[328,476,1589,1614]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C8575F9B2FE2AA446" box="[328,476,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C8684F9B2FCB8A447" author="Ward" box="[697,846,1589,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" refString="Ward, M. (1933) New genera and species of marine Decapod Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. Australian Zoologist, 7, 377 - 394, pls. 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1933">Ward (1933)</bibRefCitation>
at around the same time as 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C80A6F9B2FF23A47C" authority="Balss, 1933" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1933" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C80A6F9B2FABBA446" box="[1179,1357,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C8168F9B2FF23A47C" author="Balss" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" refString="Balss, H. (1933) Beitrage zur kenntnis Gattung Pilumnus und verwandter Gattungen. Capita Zoologica, 4 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1933">Balss, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C84DCF9DDFE52A47C" author="Balss" box="[225,420,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" refString="Balss, H. (1938) Ueber einige Xanthidae (Crustacea: Dekapoda) von Singapore and Umgebung. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 14, 48 - 63" type="journal article" year="1938">Balss (1938: 60)</bibRefCitation>
commented that his earlier paper (
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C877DF9DDFC33A47C" author="Balss" box="[832,965,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" refString="Balss, H. (1933) Beitrage zur kenntnis Gattung Pilumnus und verwandter Gattungen. Capita Zoologica, 4 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1933">Balss 1933</bibRefCitation>
) preceded 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C807AF9DDFB2BA47C" author="Ward" box="[1095,1245,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" refString="Ward, M. (1933) New genera and species of marine Decapod Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. Australian Zoologist, 7, 377 - 394, pls. 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1933">Ward (1933)</bibRefCitation>
by two months, and he regarded the two genera as synonyms, with 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C8736F907FC34A491" box="[779,962,1664,1689]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C8736F907FC34A491" box="[779,962,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having precedence. This is difficult to verify because Ward's paper had a date of publication but that by Balss did not. Lipke Holthuis (personal communication) checked on this matter in 1984 and commented that on the basis of his notes and library copies, Ward’s paper was probably published earlier than Balss’ but he had no conclusive proof. As such, one has to take Balss at his word that his paper came out earlier, and 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C878AF892FB99A526" box="[951,1135,1813,1838]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C878AF892FB99A526" box="[951,1135,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the older name. 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C8166F892FF11A55C" author="Balss" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" refString="Balss, H. (1938) Ueber einige Xanthidae (Crustacea: Dekapoda) von Singapore and Umgebung. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 14, 48 - 63" type="journal article" year="1938">Balss (1938)</bibRefCitation>
also synonymised 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C85F1F8BCFC63A55C" authority="Ward, 1933" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1933" box="[460,917,1850,1876]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculptissima">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C85F1F8BCFD09A55C" box="[460,767,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Rathbunaria sculptissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C8735F8BDFC63A55C" author="Ward" box="[776,917,1850,1876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" refString="Ward, M. (1933) New genera and species of marine Decapod Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. Australian Zoologist, 7, 377 - 394, pls. 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1933">Ward, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C87DDF8BCFED1A572" authority="Balss, 1933" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1933" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="spongiosus" subSpecies="orientalis">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C87DDF8BCFA6DA55C" box="[992,1435,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus spongiosus orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C84AAF8E7FED1A572" author="Balss" box="[151,295,1888,1914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" refString="Balss, H. (1933) Beitrage zur kenntnis Gattung Pilumnus und verwandter Gattungen. Capita Zoologica, 4 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1933">Balss, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter also having priority. 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C869BF8E7FC2FA571" box="[678,985,1888,1913]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C869BF8E7FC2FA571" box="[678,985,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has since been regarded as a distinct species (Goh 
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C850BF802FE87A596" box="[310,369,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
1990; 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFE8D34C85FFF802FDBBA597" author="Davie" box="[450,589,1925,1951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" refString="Davie, P. J. F. (2002) Crustacea: Malacostraca. Eucarida (Part 2). Decapoda - Anomura, Brachyura: Zoological Catalogue of Australia. 19.3 B. CSIRO Publications, pp. 1 - 641." type="book chapter" year="2002">Davie 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Ng 
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C86B8F802FD49A596" box="[645,703,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="164536F8FFE8D34D84F9F82DFEBCA3BF" blockId="12.[151,1437,1589,2026]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,439]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">
Although 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C857CF82CFE2BA5CC" box="[321,477,1963,1988]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C857CF82CFE2BA5CC" box="[321,477,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE8D34C8627F82CFD22A5CC" box="[538,724,1963,1988]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE8D34C8627F82CFD22A5CC" box="[538,724,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="45">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are superficially similar, there are several key characters (dorsal surface of carapace, form of the frontal, orbital, sub-branchial and posterolateral regions, as well as the structures of the chelipeds, ambulatory legs and G1) that argue for their separation (
<tableCitation id="5B780343FFE9D34D8058FF1FFB4AA2BA" box="[1125,1212,152,178]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,202,1482]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Differences between Planopilumnus Balss, 1933, and Rathbunaria Ward, 1933" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/42856670FFE8D34C84AAFF10FBACA2A7" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="42856670FFE8D34C84AAFF10FBACA2A7">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The arrangement of setae in 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D8523FF3AFE23A2DE" box="[286,469,189,214]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D8523FF3AFE23A2DE" box="[286,469,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D862FFF3AFD5DA2DE" box="[530,683,189,214]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D862FFF3AFD5DA2DE" box="[530,683,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also appear to be different. In 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D801AFF3AFB28A2DE" box="[1063,1246,189,214]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D801AFF3AFB28A2DE" box="[1063,1246,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the setae form irregular patterns around the dorsal carapace regions (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFE9D34D8706FF65FC7EA2F4" box="[827,904,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,197,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,1353,197,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Planopilumnus spongiosus (Nobili, 1905), overall views. A, male (courtesy of R. Serène, since broken and damaged) (ZRC 2009.349), right side of carapace denuded; B, male (25.6 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2009.349), denuded; C, ovigerous female (16.7 × 12.0 mm) (ZRC 2009.349), carapace denuded." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275843/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). In 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D87E7FF65FB80A2F3" box="[986,1142,226,251]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D87E7FF65FB80A2F3" box="[986,1142,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the setae are arranged in small irregular hexagonal patches across the entire dorsal carapace surface, giving it the appearance of a honey-combed structure (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFE9D34D86B0FEAAFD29A34F" box="[653,735,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 8C). This honey-combed appearance is also obvious on the chelipeds and ambulatory legs (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFE9D34D8603FED5FD70A364" box="[574,646,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[284,1266,253,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[284,1267,253,1960]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rathbunaria orientalis (Balss, 1933), lectotype male (14.9 × 12.0 mm) (ZMB 2977). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view showing thoracic sternum and abdomen; C, frontal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275846/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) although relatively less pronounced. In 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D804CFED5FAD2A363" box="[1137,1316,338,363]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D804CFED5FAD2A363" box="[1137,1316,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Planopilumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the setae form an even covering on the chelipeds and legs (
<figureCitation id="8EC12A7DFFE9D34D8739FEFFFCA4A39A" box="[772,850,376,402]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,197,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,1353,197,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Planopilumnus spongiosus (Nobili, 1905), overall views. A, male (courtesy of R. Serène, since broken and damaged) (ZRC 2009.349), right side of carapace denuded; B, male (25.6 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2009.349), denuded; C, ovigerous female (16.7 × 12.0 mm) (ZRC 2009.349), carapace denuded." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275843/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). As such, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D87E3FEFFFB8CA399" box="[990,1146,376,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D87E3FEFFFB8CA399" box="[990,1146,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here recognised as a separate genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="42856670FFE9D34D84F9F8B0FED0A587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275850/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[151,1436,506,1816]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="164536F8FFE9D34D84F9F8B0FED0A587" blockId="13.[151,1437,1847,1935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D84F9F8B0FEB1A547" bold="true" box="[196,327,1847,1871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Lateral views of carapaces showing sub-branchial region. A, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D87E5F8BFFA6EA547" authority="Nobili, 1905" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1905" box="[984,1432,1848,1871]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Planopilumnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongiosus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D87E5F8BFFB00A547" box="[984,1270,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Planopilumnus spongiosus</emphasis>
(Nobili, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
, male (25.6 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2009.349); B, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFE9D34D86B0F8DFFBD8A567" authority="Balss, 1933" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1933" box="[653,1070,1880,1903]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFE9D34D86B0F8DFFC78A567" box="[653,910,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="46">Rathbunaria orientalis</emphasis>
(Balss, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
, female (16.1 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1965.7.8.14).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="164536F8FFEAD34E84F9FF1FFD6DA39A" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,402]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">
The diagnostic structure of the grooves and ridges on the sub-branchial, posterolateral and posterior carapace regions are almost certainly associated with respiration. Similar structures have been reported for the three Western Pacific xanthid genera 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEAD34E865FFF65FC3DA2F4" authority="Takeda, 1973" authorityName="Takeda" authorityYear="1973" box="[610,971,226,252]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Glyptocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEAD34E865FFF65FCEAA2F3" box="[610,796,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Glyptocarcinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEAD34E8718FF65FC3DA2F4" author="Takeda" box="[805,971,226,252]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" refString="Takeda, M. (1973) A new genus and a new species of Parthenopidae from the sea off the Ogasawara Islands (Crustacea, Brachyura). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 16, 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="1973">Takeda, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEAD34E87E4FF65FA95A2F4" authority="Ng &amp; Chia, 1994" authorityName="Ng &amp; Chia" authorityYear="1994" box="[985,1379,226,252]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Antrocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEAD34E87E4FF65FB73A2F3" box="[985,1157,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Antrocarcinus</emphasis>
Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEAD34E80E7FF65FA95A2F4" author="Chia" box="[1242,1379,226,252]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B. (1994) The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (3), 701 - 730." type="journal article" year="1994">Chia, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEAD34E84AAFE8FFDEEA32A" authority="Ng &amp; Chia, 1994" authorityName="Ng &amp; Chia" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,536,264,290]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Cyrtocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEAD34E84AAFE8FFEB6A329" box="[151,320,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Cyrtocarcinus</emphasis>
Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEAD34E85A9FE8FFDEEA32A" author="Chia" box="[404,536,264,290]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B. (1994) The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (3), 701 - 730." type="journal article" year="1994">Chia, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEAD34E8699FE8FFCD3A32A" author="Chia" box="[676,805,264,290]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B. (1994) The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (3), 701 - 730." type="journal article" year="1994">Chia 1994</bibRefCitation>
). However, while members of these three genera are generally known from soft substrates that would make such structures useful for respiration (Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="726B4B09FFEAD34E815EFEAAFF21A364" author="Chia" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Chia, D. G. B. (1994) The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42 (3), 701 - 730." type="journal article" year="1994">Chia 1994</bibRefCitation>
), little is known about the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="D1FA4D7BFFEAD34E86A2FED5FCC0A363" box="[671,822,338,363]" class="Malacostraca" family="Planopilumnidae" genus="Rathbunaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="248EEAEAFFEAD34E86A2FED5FCC0A363" box="[671,822,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="47">Rathbunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They are known from coral reefs, with two of the specimens collected from coral (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>