230 lines
23 KiB
XML
230 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720677" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b231b31b-455c-43ff-80a5-80e9d0874636" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5720677" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1633653942716" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="9525582DFF8C2603F1D0F44EFE45FDA8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Procaviidae_0028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Dendrohyrax dorsalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="691C2055FF892605F116FF9DFFB9FFE3" masterDocTitle="Procaviidae" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1658336854933" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Procaviidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>41</mods:start>
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<mods:end>47</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720677</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b231b31b-455c-43ff-80a5-80e9d0874636</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5720677</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720695" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190577663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5720695" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9525582DFF8C2603F1D0F44EFE45FDA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9525582DFF8C2603F1D0F44EFE45FDA8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection box="[198,230,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1260,3027,3153]" box="[198,230,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<heading box="[198,230,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation box="[198,230,3027,3073]" captionStartId="2.[129,161,3439,3460]" captionTargetBox="[12,2784,13,3636]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis), 2. Bush Hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei), 3. Western Tree Hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis), 4. Southern Tree Hyrax (Dendrohyrax arboreus), 5. Eastern Tree Hyrax (Dendrohyrax validus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514167/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[244,662,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1260,3027,3153]" box="[244,662,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<heading box="[244,662,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<vernacularName box="[244,662,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Western Tree Hyrax</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[730,1106,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1260,3027,3153]" box="[730,1106,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<heading box="[730,1106,3027,3073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[730,1106,3027,3073]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis box="[730,1106,3027,3073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Dendrohyrax dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1260,3027,3153]" box="[197,1259,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<heading box="[197,1259,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,274,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[284,479,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Daman de Beecroft</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[499,590,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[598,857,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Westlicher Baumschliefer</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[877,968,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[978,1259,3090,3111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Daman arboricola occidental</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1260,3027,3153]" box="[197,668,3130,3151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<heading box="[197,668,3130,3151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,443,3130,3151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[453,668,3130,3151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Beecroft's Tree Hyrax</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[196,728,3201,3230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1399,3201,3472]" box="[196,728,3201,3230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[196,351,3201,3230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Fraser, 1855" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1855" box="[363,724,3201,3230]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Hyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">Hyrax dorsalis Fraser, 1855</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[739,1103,3201,3230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1399,3201,3472]" box="[739,1103,3201,3230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3761283303" box="[739,1103,3201,3230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<collectingCountry box="[739,999,3201,3230]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, Bioko.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[195,1399,3201,3472]" lastBlockId="5.[2082,2669,286,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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Tree hyraxes were split into the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" box="[736,899,3235,3268]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dendrohyrax</taxonomicName>
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by Gray in 1868, who also first used
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1855" box="[196,331,3279,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">D. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
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for the species. Three species of tree hyrax (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1855" box="[946,1081,3279,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">D. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1827" box="[1095,1239,3279,3308]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arboreus">D. arboreus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="True" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="validus">D. validus</taxonomicName>
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) are recognized, but species level classification is most likely underestimated, and there may be more species than currently accepted. Differences in the calls of each subspecies suggest that populations divide into three distinct dialects, in
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<collectingCountry box="[1232,1390,3393,3426]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[197,346,3440,3465]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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and Bioko, and
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<collectingCountry box="[585,681,3440,3465]" name="Gabon" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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. Based on the taxonomy of other forest mammals, which show species divisions at the
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<collectingCountry name="Benin" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
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Gap and the Eastern Highlands, genetically distinct subspecies should be distinguishable. Six subspecies are currently described. This will be clarified by further research on their genetics, anatomy, behavior and bioacoustics.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5720687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720687/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[1465,2060,292,709]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[2082,2669,286,712]" box="[2083,2482,565,594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2083,2482,565,594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[2082,2669,286,712]" box="[2082,2569,604,633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authority="Fraser, 1855" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1855" box="[2082,2425,604,633]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dorsalis" subSpecies="dorsalis">D.d.dorsalisFraser,1855—BiokoI.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[2082,2669,286,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1887" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1887" box="[2083,2460,643,672]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dorsalis" subSpecies="emini">
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<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">D.d.eminiThomas,1887—N&EDRCongo.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" box="[1467,2057,726,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[1467,1838,726,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dorsalis" subSpecies="latrator">
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<collectingCountry box="[1904,2053,726,751]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">D.d.latratorThomas,1910—CDRCongo.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" box="[1467,2237,758,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[1467,1855,758,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dorsalis" subSpecies="marmota">
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<collectingCountry box="[2120,2232,758,791]" name="Uganda" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">D.d.marmotaThomas,1901—forestislandsofUganda.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" box="[1467,2389,797,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1879" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1879" box="[1467,1834,797,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dorsalis" subSpecies="nigricans">
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<collectingCountry box="[1869,1972,797,830]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">D.d.nigricansPeters,1879—NigeriatorightbankofCongoRiver.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" box="[1467,2051,840,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1853" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[1467,1889,840,869]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dorsalis" subSpecies="sylvestris">D. d. sylvestris Temminck, 1853</taxonomicName>
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— W Africa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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The distribution information for this species is still incomplete; the Western Tree Hyrax is also present in SW
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<collectingCountry box="[1832,1919,915,948]" name="Sudan" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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and S
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<collectingCountry box="[2025,2382,915,948]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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, but the subspecific identity of these populationsstill requires confirmation.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1467,1718,993,1026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body length 44-57 cm; weight 1.8-4.
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<quantity box="[2350,2415,993,1026]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="kg" value="5.0">5 kg</quantity>
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. Small stocky animal, body shaped like a large guinea-pig. The Western Tree Hyrax’s shorter, coarser dark-brown to black coat hairs, longer dorsal patch, naked rostrum, and white spot beneath the chin are the best characteristics for distinguishing
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1855" box="[2366,2504,1111,1144]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">D. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
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from other members of the genus. An obvious, large yellowish-white dorsal spot conceals a naked dorsal scent gland. The ears are small and rounded and may be tipped with white. The tail does not extend past end of body and there is one pair of inguinal mammary glands. Molar teeth have short crowns relative to longer root (brachydont dentition). Lower incisors are flattened and serrated and function as a grooming comb; upper incisors are caniniform and triangular in cross-section. Dental formula I 1/2, C0/0, P 4/4, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Very adept climbers. Can ascend a smooth tree trunk up to
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. Feet are flexible and can be easily supinated. Forefoot has four digits; hindfoot has three; nails rounded and hoof-like with the exception of a claw-like nail on the inner toe of the hindfoot. Footpads are black, ridged and flexible. Long sensory hairs (vibrissae) are scattered throughout the pelage. Other notable features, characteristic of the genus in general, bicornuate uterus; the testes remain in the abdominal cavity; sweat glands and gall bladder absent; os penis present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1467,1578,1662,1695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Usually found in lowland forests and also in degraded forest fragments, to an elevation of around
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<quantity box="[1807,1910,1701,1734]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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, but known from elevations up to
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<quantity box="[2409,2513,1701,1734]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
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in Central Africa. Found in moist forests, moist savannas, and montane habitats. At higher elevations they can live amongst rock formations and are partly diurnal. Individuals maintain territories, but population densities and structure poorly known. Observations based on nocturnal calling records in Tai Forest National Park,
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<collectingCountry box="[2387,2546,1859,1892]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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yield an estimate of 1-2 ind/km?. Main predators are African crowned hawk-eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus), Leopards (Panthera pardus), and possibly also larger eagle-owls (Bubo sp.) or hawk-eagles (Hieraaetus sp.). Western Tree Hyraxes do not form a large portion of the diet of Leopards and crowned hawk-eagles in Tai Forest National Park. Common Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have been observed capturing and killing adult
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" genus="Dendrohyrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">D. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
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, but not seen eating them. West African specimens have been found to have nematode parasites (Crossophorus collaris, Libyostrongylus alberti, Hoplodontophorus flagellum, Theileriana brachylaima).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1468,1726,2212,2245]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Tree hyraxes are herbivorous, consuming mostly leaves, twigs,fruit, and bark. Most of their activity occurs in the canopy, but they descend to the ground to forage and move between trees. Anecdotal evidence suggests they are attracted to alcoholic sources, and can be trapped using alcohol, perhaps implying fermented fruits are a dietary item.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1468,1602,2409,2442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Gestation period of 28-32 weeks. The one to two young are very precocious, fully furred, and fairly large (180-380 g). Litter size is smaller in tree hyraxes than other hyrax genera. Both mating and birth peaks tend to coincide with the dry season, but offspring may be born throughout the year. Females excrete cinnamon-smelling oil from their dorsal gland prior to mating. Young reach sexual maturity around 16 months. Life span is poorly known, although captive animals have been reported to live up to twelve years. Because of long gestation and maturation times, predation rates must be fairly low.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1466,2609,2723,2756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" box="[1466,2609,2723,2756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1466,1701,2723,2756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Largely inactive, but emerge regularly at dusk and dawn to feed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[1466,2672,726,3464]" lastBlockId="6.[117,1321,280,588]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1468,2193,2762,2795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Primarily solitary, but groups of two and three can be found (likely mother and subadult young). Tree hyraxes have small home ranges, with each defended male territory overlapping those of several smaller female ranges. Individuals in captivity rubbed dorsal glands, probably used in the wild to mark territory boundaries and for intraspecific identification. Individuals use middens, defecating repeatedly at the bases of trees. Captive animals often are aggressive to other individuals, charging and snapping. When disturbed, animals exhibited pilo-erection of the hairs surrounding the dorsal gland, which exuded odoriferous secretions. As with other tree hyraxes, Western Tree Hyraxes produce very loud, distinct calls. Long cries are repeated between 22 and 42 times at gradually increasing amplitude and decreasing intervals, reaching a loud climactic crescendo at end. In captivity, the beginning of each call was a sequence of very faint, almost inaudible units. Both males and females call, the latter more often when solitary. Western Tree Hyraxes call throughout the night, but with marked peaks in late evening (20:00-22:00 h) and early morning (04:00-05:00 h), corresponding to activity patterns. Also heard to call during the day, normally after being disturbed. There is some seasonal variation in calling frequency. Geographical variation in call structure is discernable, even between fairly close populations. Between different populations the call structure varies so much that the characterization of subspecies becomes possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[117,1321,280,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[120,470,366,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. However, Western Tree Hyraxes are probably sensitive to habitat degradation as they are confined to primary forests. They are killed for their fur and for food. According to the African Mammals Database, only about 6% oftheir geographical range is protected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[117,1321,280,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[120,274,524,549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bothma (1971), Fischer (1992), Hahn (1934), Jones (1978), Kingdon (1971, 1997), Rahm (1957, 1969), Rahm & Christiansen (1963).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |