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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334476" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334476" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1596207678408" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. &amp; Wheeler, Ward C." docDate="2008" docId="03E187AB6B74FFF3FC96F99310B94915" docLanguage="en" docName="Cladistics.24.932-976.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Cladistics 24" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Parastrachiinae Schaefer, Dolling and Tachikawa" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="966" masterDocId="FFD8FFD36B55FFD1FFB9FF8611774F5E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="976" masterPageNumber="932" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" updateTime="1635478016111" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jocelia@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schuh, Randall T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Cladistics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2008-11-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>932</mods:start>
<mods:end>976</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3968591</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334476" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334476" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AB6B74FFF3FC96F99310B94915" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187AB6B74FFF3FC96F99310B94915" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="966" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="965" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="33.[815,1453,1557,1886]" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">
<heading bold="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" reason="0">
<taxonomicName authority="Schaefer, Dolling and Tachikawa" authorityName="Schaefer, Dolling and Tachikawa" class="Insecta" family="Corimelaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parastrachiinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">PARASTRACHIINAE Schaefer, Dolling and Tachikawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="965" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="33.[815,1453,1557,1886]" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">
<emphasis box="[841,952,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">Historical</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Dolling, W. R. &amp; Tachikawa, S." box="[974,1228,1617,1641]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. J. Linnean Soc." pageId="33" pageNumber="965" pagination="283 - 311" part="93" refId="ref31803" refString="Schaefer, C. W., Dolling, W. R., Tachikawa, S., 1988. The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 93, 283 - 311." title="The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Schaefer et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
treated the Asian
<taxonomicName authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[815,1053,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[815,958,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">Parastrachia</emphasis>
Distant
</taxonomicName>
as a subfamily within the Cydni-
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="966" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="33.[815,1453,1557,1886]" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">
dae. More recently,
<bibRefCitation author="Sweet, M. H. &amp; Schaefer, C. W." box="[1048,1350,1679,1703]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am." pageId="33" pageNumber="965" pagination="441 - 448" part="95" refId="ref32820" refString="Sweet, M. H., Schaefer, C. W., 2002. Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95, 441 - 448." title="Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level" type="journal article" year="2002">Sweet and Schaefer (2002)</bibRefCitation>
elevated
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[815,958,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[815,958,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to family status, arguing that it did not share diagnostic features with either the
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling." authorityYear="1981" box="[1300,1412,1740,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cydnidae</taxonomicName>
, or the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[861,1021,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
, where some authors had placed the group. The characters supporting
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[1221,1364,1801,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1221,1364,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="965">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from the
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling." authorityYear="1981" box="[983,1092,1831,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="965" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cydnidae</taxonomicName>
are: venation of the fore wings (base of membrane with large basal cells formed by
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[135,773,182,1611]" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">
cross veins), stridulatory apparatus differing from that of most
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling." authorityYear="1981" box="[237,346,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cydnidae</taxonomicName>
and resembling that of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hart" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amnestinae">Amnestinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling." authorityYear="1981" box="[208,322,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cydnidae</taxonomicName>
), metathoracic scent gland area with a reduced spout above the ostiole, dorsum of the abdo-
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[135,773,182,1611]" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">
men relatively desclerotized, epipleurites absent, and several unique features in the female and male genitalia (
<bibRefCitation author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Dolling, W. R. &amp; Tachikawa, S." box="[142,376,365,389]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. J. Linnean Soc." pageId="34" pageNumber="966" pagination="283 - 311" part="93" refId="ref31803" refString="Schaefer, C. W., Dolling, W. R., Tachikawa, S., 1988. The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 93, 283 - 311." title="The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Schaefer et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Sweet, M. H. &amp; Schaefer, C. W." box="[395,691,365,389]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am." pageId="34" pageNumber="966" pagination="441 - 448" part="95" refId="ref32820" refString="Sweet, M. H., Schaefer, C. W., 2002. Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95, 441 - 448." title="Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level" type="journal article" year="2002">Sweet and Schaefer (2002)</bibRefCitation>
placed the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oshanin" authorityYear="1922" box="[179,355,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Parastrachiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parastrachiidae</taxonomicName>
only within the ‘‘cydnoids or lower pentatomoids’’, arguing that inclusion of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[629,772,426,450]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[629,772,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling." authorityYear="1981" box="[255,364,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cydnidae</taxonomicName>
produces a grouping that cannot be diagnosed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[135,773,182,1611]" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">
<emphasis box="[161,346,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Analytical result</emphasis>
: Our analyses suggest that
<taxonomicName authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
Distant
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[337,683,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Dismegistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[337,470,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Dismegistus</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville
</taxonomicName>
form a monophyletic group, an issue that has not been addressed in most of the recent—and rather extensive—literature on
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[374,517,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[374,517,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For the characters included in our morphological matrix, these two taxa receive the same coding, so this result represents a foregone conclusion. Nonetheless, molecular data—adduced here for both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[364,497,762,786]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Dismegistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[364,497,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Dismegistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[554,697,762,786]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[554,697,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—support this same conclusion, as do the total evidence analyses. We therefore broaden the concept of
<bibRefCitation author="Sweet, M. H. &amp; Schaefer, C. W." journalOrPublisher="Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am." pageId="34" pageNumber="966" pagination="441 - 448" part="95" refId="ref32820" refString="Sweet, M. H., Schaefer, C. W., 2002. Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95, 441 - 448." title="Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level" type="journal article" year="2002">Sweet and Schaefer (2002)</bibRefCitation>
for the Parastrachiinae to include
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[135,268,885,909]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Dismegistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[135,268,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Dismegistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our morphological analyses (
<figureCitation box="[638,765,884,908]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="22.[135,168,1840,1859]" captionStartId-1="23.[113,146,1819,1838]" captionStartId-2="24.[135,168,1801,1820]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1414,184,1809]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1411,184,1787]" captionTargetBox-2="[143,1466,184,1769]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[194,1323,183,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[156,1411,191,1787]" captionTargetId-2="figure@24.[143,1466,192,1769]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="Fig. 42. Strict consensus of 96 most parsimonious trees for full-taxon morphological data set, with unsupported nodes supressed. Length = 207; consistency index = 42; retention index = 86. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-1="Fig. 43. Strict consensus of three trees derived from successive weighting of the results shown in Fig. 42. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-2="Fig. 44. Strict consensus of 12 trees derived from implied weighting analysis of morphological data using PIWE. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968609" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968611" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968613" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3968609/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3968611/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3968613/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Figs 42–44</figureCitation>
) always place
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[318,461,915,939]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[318,461,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[505,638,915,939]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Dismegistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[505,638,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Dismegistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within a broadly conceived
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling." authorityYear="1981" box="[354,466,945,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cydnidae</taxonomicName>
, in a sense similar to that used by
<bibRefCitation author="Dolling, W. R." box="[234,404,976,1000]" journalOrPublisher="Syst. Entomol." pageId="34" pageNumber="966" pagination="61 - 76" part="6" refId="ref28605" refString="Dolling, W. R., 1981. A rationalized classification of the burrower bugs (Cydnidae). Syst. Entomol. 6, 61 - 76." title="A rationalized classification of the burrower bugs (Cydnidae)" type="journal article" year="1981">Dolling (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, on the basis of characters
<superScript attach="none" box="[728,765,970,1000]" fontSize="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">160</superScript>
,
<superScript attach="none" box="[135,171,1001,1030]" fontSize="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">261</superScript>
, and
<superScript attach="none" box="[238,275,1001,1030]" fontSize="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">271</superScript>
. As noted above, the molecular data alone and combined analyses of 52 taxa usually group
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[135,278,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[135,278,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[338,471,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Dismegistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[338,471,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Dismegistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="McAtee &amp; Malloch" authorityYear="1933" box="[540,639,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Allocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[540,639,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Allocoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Uhler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Corimelaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corimelaenidae</taxonomicName>
) and with equal consistency with one of the sequenced taxa we have treated as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[594,706,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cydninae">Cydninae</taxonomicName>
. The combined analyses of 92 taxa places some additional cydnoid taxa with the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[470,613,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[470,613,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, but notably—and consistently—exclude two cydnines and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1896" box="[135,285,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[135,285,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Thaumastella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we conclude that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1883" box="[594,737,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parastrachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[594,737,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Parastrachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[135,268,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Hemiptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Dismegistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[135,268,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="966">Dismegistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a monophyletic group, and that its inclusion in a broadly conceived
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling." authorityYear="1981" box="[542,651,1312,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cydnidae</taxonomicName>
may well render that group paraphyletic, a conclusion in concordance with the findings of
<bibRefCitation author="Sweet, M. H. &amp; Schaefer, C. W." box="[455,769,1373,1397]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am." pageId="34" pageNumber="966" pagination="441 - 448" part="95" refId="ref32820" refString="Sweet, M. H., Schaefer, C. W., 2002. Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95, 441 - 448." title="Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level" type="journal article" year="2002">Sweet and Schaefer (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. That particular conclusion does not preclude our recommendation that the Parastrachiinae be treated as part of a more broadly conceived
<taxonomicName authorityName="Uhler" authorityYear="1871" box="[586,768,1465,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Corimelaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corimelaenidae</taxonomicName>
. Whether the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[289,394,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sehirinae">Sehirinae</taxonomicName>
should also be included as part of the grouping may be clarified through the inclusion of additional sequence data, not only for the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[614,722,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Cydnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sehirinae">Sehirinae</taxonomicName>
, but also for the
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Dolling" authorityYear="1981" box="[276,458,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Thyreocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="966" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Corimelaeninae">Corimelaeninae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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