183 lines
20 KiB
XML
183 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2FE180394A4DD784BD0EDF9AB2EEB405">Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim (Staphylinidae: Phloeo charinae) and Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer (Scydmaenidae) new to North America: a case study in the introduction of exotic Coleoptera to the port of Halifax, with new records of other species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="396D843296EADB63CA1AB2A4202B2793">Majka, Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="24AA9F2ACF77614DA9B2A6D7395B03DC">Klimaszewski, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C11E24613D185D51566ECDE03B8C16EB">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C187EFFFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFE06F9CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273422" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124556368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187EFFFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFE06F9CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187EFFFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFE06F9CE" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C3726572FFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFE4DFCAE" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD736F9FFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFD11FDB2" blockId="1.[264,745,523,550]" box="[264,745,523,550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D09F8195FFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFD11FDB2" bold="true" box="[264,745,523,550]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFD11FDB2" ID-CoL="4GG94" authority="Mannerheim" authorityName="Mannerheim" box="[264,745,523,550]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Phloeocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFD11FDB2" bold="true" box="[264,745,523,550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFE8CFDFFFDC6FDB1" bold="true" box="[264,574,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phloeocharis subtilissima</emphasis>
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Mannerheim
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD736F9FFD4D64CFE8CFDA4FE4DFCAE" blockId="1.[264,1324,599,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFE8CFDA4FCE5FDE6" authority="Mannerheim, 1830" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1830" box="[264,797,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Phloeocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFE8CFDA4FDCFFDE7" box="[264,567,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phloeocharis subtilissima</emphasis>
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Mannerheim, 1830
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFCAFFDA4FC4AFDE6" box="[811,946,599,625]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFC39FDA4FB9AFDE6" box="[957,1122,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFBE8FDA4FADBFDE6" box="[1132,1315,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phloeocharinae">Phloeocharinae</taxonomicName>
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) is one of over 30 species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFDDFFD8CFD0FFD0F" box="[603,759,639,664]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Phloeocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFDDFFD8CFD0FFD0F" box="[603,759,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phloeocharis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the western Palearctic Region, most with restricted distribution in the mountains of circumMediterranean countries of southern Europe and northwest Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFDEDFD3CFCB6FD7E" author="Newton" box="[617,846,719,745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" refString="Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S., and Chandler, D. S. (2001) Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In: Arnett, R. H. Jr. & Thomas, M. C. [Eds.]: American Beetles, Volume 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA. pp. 272 - 418." type="book chapter" year="2001">Newton et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). One Nearctic representative,
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFB32FD3CFDA0FC86" authority="Smetana and Campbell" authorityName="Smetana and Campbell" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Phloeocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFB32FD3CFEC2FC87" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. californica</emphasis>
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Smetana and Campbell
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</taxonomicName>
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, is found in the coastal mountains and Sierra Nevada of central California.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3726572FFD4D64CFEBCFCB4FB45FAD6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD736F9FFD4D64CFEBCFCB4FB3BFB96" blockId="1.[264,1324,599,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFEBCFCB4FD95FCF7" ID-CoL="4GG94" box="[312,621,839,864]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Phloeocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFEBCFCB4FD95FCF7" box="[312,621,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phloeocharis subtilissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an abundant and widely distributed rove beetle. It is recorded from throughout Europe (
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFD27FC9CFD06FC1E" box="[675,766,879,905]" name="Austria" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Austria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFC8EFC9CFC8AFC1E" box="[778,882,879,905]" name="Belgium" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFCFAFC9CFBC3FC1E" box="[894,1083,879,905]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFBC3FC9CFB40FC1E" box="[1095,1208,879,905]" name="Denmark" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFB47FC9CFAD0FC1E" box="[1219,1320,879,905]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">England</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFE8CFC64FE9DFC26" box="[264,357,919,945]" name="Finland" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Finland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFEF4FC64FE3BFC26" box="[368,451,919,945]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFE4BFC64FDC6FC26" box="[463,574,919,945]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Germany</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFDCCFC64FD66FC26" box="[584,670,919,945]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Greece</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFD2EFC64FCEAFC26" box="[682,786,919,945]" name="Hungary" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFC99FC64FCACFC26" box="[797,852,919,945]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Italy</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFCE4FC64FC38FC26" box="[864,960,919,945]" name="Norway" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Norway</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFC4FFC64FBE7FC26" box="[971,1055,919,945]" name="Poland" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Poland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFBAFFC64FB84FC26" box="[1067,1148,919,945]" name="Russia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Russia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFB0CFC64FB0AFC26" box="[1160,1266,919,945]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Scotland</collectingCountry>
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, Sicily,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFEBCFC4CFE59FC4E" box="[312,417,959,985]" name="Slovakia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFE35FC4CFE0FFC4E" box="[433,503,959,985]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Spain</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFD83FC4CFD9FFC4E" box="[519,615,959,985]" name="Sweden" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFDF3FC4CFCFBFC4E" box="[631,771,959,985]" name="Switzerland" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFC92FC4CFC39FC4E" author="Herman" box="[790,961,959,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="13" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): 1758 to the end of the second millennium: II. Tachyporine group. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 666 - 673." type="journal article" year="2001">Herman 2001</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFC5EFC4CFBDDFC4E" box="[986,1061,959,985]" name="Latvia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Latvia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFBBCFC4CFAE5FC4E" author="Telnov" box="[1080,1309,959,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="15" refString="Telnov, D., Barsevskis, A., Savich, F., Kovalevsky, F., Berdnikov, S., Doronin M., Cibulskis, R., & Ratniece, D. (1997). Updated List of Latvian Beetles. Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins e. V., Supplement No. 5, pp. 1 - 140." type="book chapter" year="1997">Telnov et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFE8CFC14FE34FB96" box="[264,460,999,1025]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Northern Ireland</collectingCountry>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFE57FC14FD5DFB96" author="Anderson" box="[467,677,999,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="13" refString="Anderson, R. (1997) Northern Ireland species inventories: rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae. Environment and Heritage Service. Available from http: // www. ehsni. gov. uk / pubs / publications / Staph. pdf (accessed 23 November 2004)" type="journal article" year="1997">(Anderson 1997))</bibRefCitation>
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and western North Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFC62FC14FB4FFB96" author="Scheerpeltz" box="[998,1207,999,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" refString="Scheerpeltz, O. (1931) XV. Teil. Staphylinidae. In: M. Beier, Zoologische Forschungsreise nach den Jonischen Inseln und dem Peloponnes. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche. Klasse, Abt. 1. 140, 359 - 460." type="journal article" year="1931">Scheerpeltz 1931</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD736F9FFD4D64CFEBCFBFCFB45FAD6" blockId="1.[264,1324,599,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The bionomics of the species have not been extensively investigated. It has been reported as “not infrequent under dry pine bark” (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFCD2FBC4FC17FBC6" author="Reitter" box="[854,1007,1079,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" refString="Reitter, E. (1909) Fauna Germanica: Die Kafer des Deutschen Reiches: Band II. K. G. Lutz' Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Reitter 1909</bibRefCitation>
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); under bark (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFB11FBC4FEBFFBEE" author="Freude" pageId="1" pageNumber="13" refString="Freude, H., Harde, K. W. & Lohse. G. A. (1964) Die Kafer Mitteleuropas: Band 4. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, Germany, 264 pp." type="book" year="1964">Freude et al. 1964</bibRefCitation>
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); under dry bark and in litter, especially litter consisting of deep layers of decomposing leaves (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFE09FB74FDC1FB36" author="Szujecki" box="[397,569,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="15" refString="Szujecki A. (1966) Zaleznosc miedzy wilgotnoscia wierzchniej warstwy gleb lesnych a rozmieszczeniem kusakowatych (Staphylinidae, Col.) na przykladzie nadlesnictwa Szeroki Bor w Puszczy Piskiej. [The relationship between the humidity in the surface horizon of forest soils and the distribution of staphylinids (Staphylinidae, Col.) in the Szeroki Bor forest district in Pisz Primeval Forest] Folia Forestalia Polonica ser. A, 12, 5 - 152." type="journal article" year="1966">Szujecki 1966</bibRefCitation>
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); and under rotten bark, in rotten wood and in brushwood (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFB6DFB74FEBFFB5E" author="Koch" pageId="1" pageNumber="13" refString="Koch, K. (1989) Die Kafer Mitteleuropas. Okologie Band 1. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, Germany, 440 pp." type="book" year="1989">Koch 1989</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFED9FB5CFDF9FB5E" author="Mazur" box="[349,513,1199,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" refString="Mazur A. (1995) Kusakowate (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) towarzyszace zerowiskom ksylofagw i wystepujace pod kora drzew [Rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) accompanying saproxylic insects under tree bark]. In: Mat. Konf. Nauk., Puszczykowo, 22.04. 95. Szkodniki wtrne, ich rola oraz znaczenie w lesie [Secondary pests, their role and significance in forests]. Wydawnictwo Acarus. Poznan, Poland, pp. 71 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1995">Mazur (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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noted it to be predaceous in the galleries of the scolytines,
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFB4EFB5CFE81FB67" ID-CoL="57D3N" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tomicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piniperda">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFB4EFB5CFE81FB67" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tomicus piniperda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(L.) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFE6DFB24FC51FB66" ID-CoL="5CHPN" authority="Ratzeburg" authorityName="Ratzeburg" box="[489,937,1239,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptographus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFE6DFB24FCEBFB67" box="[489,787,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Xyleborus cryptographus</emphasis>
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(Ratzeburg)
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in Scotch pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFBF6FB24FAD3FB67" ID-CoL="4J2J5" box="[1138,1323,1239,1264]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFBF6FB24FAD3FB67" box="[1138,1323,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B08FFD4D64CFEC4FB0CFDD8FA8E" box="[320,544,1279,1305]" pageId="1" pageNumber="14" refString="Melke A., Szafraniec S., and Szoltys H. (1998) Saproksyliczne kusakowate (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) rezerwatow przyrody wojewodztwa katowickiego. [Saproxylic rove - beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of nature reserves of Katowice province]. Natura Silesiae Superioris, 2, 73 - 79." type="journal article">Melke et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
classified it as a typical inhabitant of subcortical habitats, and predaceous on various developmental stages of ambio and xylophagous organisms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726572FFD4D64CFEBCFABCFE06F9CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736F9FFD4D64CFEBCFABCFE06F9CE" blockId="1.[264,1324,599,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFEDCFABCFE77FAFE" box="[344,399,1359,1385]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, A. Zanetti (pers. comm.) reported it in forests under bark and in detritus, primarily in mountainous areas at mid altitudes. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFCE5FA84FC3EFA06" box="[865,966,1399,1425]" name="Belgium" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
D. Drugmand (pers. comm.) found it in moss and under bark, primarily in deciduous forests, but occasionally also in coniferous forests. In Central Europe, A. Rose (pers. comm.), found it in dead wood and litter, sometimes associated with tunnels of the scolytine,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFC34FA1CFB95F99F" box="[944,1133,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typographus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFC34FA1CFB95F99F" box="[944,1133,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ips typographus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7669FFD4D64CFB56FA1CFADEF99E" box="[1234,1318,1519,1545]" name="Poland" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, R. Ruta (pers. comm.) noted that it is a common species found under bark and on dead poplar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D7AFFD4D64CFEE0F9CCFE3CF9CF" box="[356,452,1599,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAEBFFD4D64CFEE0F9CCFE3CF9CF" box="[356,452,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |