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<document id="9DDA4639C4BA4231BDE9838536E7BFA8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929768" ID-ZooBank="D4353442-77AC-41C4-AEDB-5629A6738E09" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683891472035" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grismado, Cristian J. &amp; Pizarro-Araya, Jaime" docDate="2023" docId="03C16E17076B2234FF589FFAFC3FA877" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5284.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5284 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Osornolobus violetaparra Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="588" masterDocId="FFF8166F076A2237FFCF9C28FFA3AF27" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Osornolobus Forster &amp; Platnick from the maulino forests of Chile (Araneae, Orsolobidae)" masterLastPageNumber="592" masterPageNumber="585" pageNumber="586" updateTime="1683894463367" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C1BC9C08765A428944D19A02B4DCB173">A new species of the genus Osornolobus Forster &amp; Platnick from the maulino forests of Chile (Araneae, Orsolobidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1ADC076EFA7ED1877E5FEC49CBCC40C0">Grismado, Cristian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E11656A9129BAE51FF4F6B777CF72C1" type="email">grismado@macn.gov.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C33262CD4EFBA54D788F7F5D65BF0EDE">Pizarro-Araya, Jaime</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EC7A051D540D4CECE5B21FD7F357C24B">Laboratorio de Entomología Ecológica (LEULS), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile. &amp; Grupo de Artrópodos, Sistema Integrado de Monitoreo y Evaluación de Ecosistemas Forestales Nativos (SIMEF). &amp; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C16E17076B2234FF589FFAFC3FA877" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C16E17076B2234FF589FFAFC3FA877" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C16E17076B2234FF589FFAFC3FA877" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<subSubSection id="C3728C8A076B2236FF589FFAFDB5ACCA" box="[151,534,978,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2236FF589FFAFDB5ACCA" blockId="1.[151,534,978,1041]" box="[151,534,978,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<heading id="D09F686D076B2236FF589FFAFDB5ACCA" bold="true" box="[151,534,978,1005]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF589FFAFDB5ACCA" bold="true" box="[151,534,978,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<taxonomicName id="4C68A482076B2236FF589FFAFE6FACCA" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,460,978,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF589FFAFE6FACCA" bold="true" box="[151,460,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Osornolobus violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE68076B2236FE1C9FFBFDB5ACCA" box="[467,534,979,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3728C8A076B2236FF589FDFFE8CAB36" box="[151,303,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2236FF589FDFFE8CAB36" blockId="1.[151,534,978,1041]" box="[151,303,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
(
<figureCitation id="1353C384076B2236FF509FDFFE85AB36" box="[159,294,1015,1041]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURES 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1020,1044]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,264,2008,2032]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,489,1917]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1433,187,981]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1430,188,1806]" captionTargetBox-3="[194,1394,181,1985]" captionTargetId-0="figure-176@2.[151,1436,489,1917]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@3.[151,1435,181,987]" captionTargetId-2="figure-29@4.[151,1436,181,1814]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@5.[194,1394,181,1985]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 A–I. Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp. male. A. habitus dorsal, B. same, lateral, C. carapace, dorsal view, D. same, ventral, E. same, anterior, F. left palp, prolateral, G. same, dorsal, H. same, retrolateral, I. same, ventral.All images correspond to the holotype, except D, paratype." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 A–D. Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., male holotype. A. left palp, cleared, prolateral, B. same, retrolateral, C. same, ventral retrolateral, D. left tarsus I, retrolateral.Abbreviations: e = embolus, to = tarsal organ, asterisks = less sclerotized section of spermophore, arrow= retrolateral sclerotized paraembolic prong. Scale bars = 100 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., (white circles), and limits of the Achibueno Natural Reserve, Maule Region, Chile." captionText-3="FIGURES 4 A–B. Type locality of Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., Achibueno Natural Reserve, Maule Region, Chile." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929772" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929774" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929776" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929778" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7929772/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7929774/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7929776/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7929778/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3728C8A076B2236FF589817FDE4AA2A" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2236FF589817FE1DABCE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1086,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF589817FEEAAB7F" bold="true" box="[151,329,1086,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Type Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B00D55C076B2236FE9E9817FE19ABCE" collectingDate="2021-12-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-03" collectingDateMin="2021-12-01" collectionCode="SIMEF, MHNS" collectorName="J. Pizarro-Araya &amp; F. M. Alfaro &amp; A. A. Ojanguren-Affilastro &amp; H. Iuri &amp; J. E. Calderon &amp; Proyecto" country="Chile" county="Male" elevation="606" latitude="-36.076538" location="Linares" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.39858" municipality="Talca Province" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" specimenCount="606" stateProvince="Maule" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="62B6A78D076B2236FE9E9817FE28AB7E" box="[337,395,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Male</collectingCounty>
<typeStatus id="54D361A3076B2236FE5C9817FE56AB7E" box="[403,501,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">holotype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingCountry id="F37F9F91076B2236FDF49817FD31AB7E" box="[571,658,1087,1113]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">CHILE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49AC11E3076B2236FD519817FD49AB7E" box="[670,746,1087,1113]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Maule</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3457B076B2236FD3A9817FC02AB7E" box="[757,929,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Talca Province</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8EB789DA076B2236FC639817FBA0AB7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C16E17076B2234FF589FFAFC3FA877:8EB789DA076B2236FC639817FBA0AB7E" box="[940,1027,1087,1113]" country="Chile" county="Male" latitude="-36.076538" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.39858" municipality="Talca Province" name="Linares" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" stateProvince="Maule">Linares</location>
,
<location id="8EB789DA076B2236FBC19817FAE9AB7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C16E17076B2234FF589FFAFC3FA877:8EB789DA076B2236FBC19817FAE9AB7E" box="[1038,1354,1087,1113]" country="Chile" county="Male" latitude="-36.076538" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.39858" municipality="Talca Province" name="Achibueno Natural Reserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" stateProvince="Maule">Achibueno Natural Reserve</location>
,
<location id="8EB789DA076B2236FA9A9817FF63AB5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C16E17076B2234FF589FFAFC3FA877:8EB789DA076B2236FA9A9817FF63AB5A" country="Chile" county="Male" latitude="-36.076538" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.39858" municipality="Talca Province" name="Andes Sur" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" stateProvince="Maule">Andes Sur</location>
, Congl. 781575,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5CB9C6076B2236FE4E984BFDA7AB5A" box="[385,516,1123,1149]" degrees="36,140994" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="1" value="-36.140995">-36,140994</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5CB9C6076B2236FDDF984BFD37AB5A" box="[528,660,1123,1149]" degrees="71,369108" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="1" value="-71.36911">-71,369108</geoCoordinate>
; elev.
<specimenCount id="9D6E1488076B2236FD14984BFC8AAB5A" box="[731,809,1123,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C9072E4076B2236FD14984BFC86AB5A" box="[731,805,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="606.0">
<elevation id="00453832076B2236FD14984BFC86AB5A" box="[731,805,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="606.0">606 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="FFD6F9C1076B2236FCFF984BFC46AB5A" box="[816,997,1123,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" value="2021-12-01" valueMax="2021-12-03" valueMin="2021-12-01">
<collectingDate id="EF920029076B2236FCFF984BFC46AB5A" box="[816,997,1123,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" value="2021-12-01" valueMax="2021-12-03" valueMin="2021-12-01">01-03/XII-2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="5229A716076B2236FC3F984BFB90AB5A" box="[1008,1075,1123,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">pitfall</collectingMethod>
(
<collectorName id="269DBAD7076B2236FB8B984BFB5CAB5A" box="[1092,1279,1123,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">J. Pizarro-Araya</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269DBAD7076B2236FAC5984BFA3BAB5A" box="[1290,1432,1123,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">F. M. Alfaro</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269DBAD7076B2236FF5898AFFE64AB86" box="[151,455,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">A. A. Ojanguren-Affilastro</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269DBAD7076B2236FE1E98AFFDB8AB86" box="[465,539,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">H. Iuri</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="269DBAD7076B2236FDF298AFFD7CAB86" box="[573,735,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">J. E. Calderón</collectorName>
).
<collectorName id="269DBAD7076B2236FD3E98AFFCF6AB86" box="[753,853,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Proyecto</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED7947C4076B2236FC9598AFFC0FAB86" box="[858,940,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">SIMEF</collectionCode>
VI-Maule (
<collectionCode id="ED7947C4076B2236FBE098AFFB27AB86" box="[1071,1156,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">MHNS</collectionCode>
, N°8386). Male
<typeStatus id="54D361A3076B2236FAF398AFFA3FAB86" box="[1340,1436,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">paratype</typeStatus>
from the same locality, date and collectors, Congl. 781405,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5CB9C6076B2236FC949882FC7CABE2" box="[859,991,1194,1221]" degrees="36,076539" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="1" value="-36.076538">-36,076539</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5CB9C6076B2236FC219882FBD0ABE2" box="[1006,1139,1194,1221]" degrees="71,398583" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="1" value="-71.39858">-71,398583</geoCoordinate>
; elev.
<quantity id="4C9072E4076B2236FB0E9883FAAEABE2" box="[1217,1293,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.39" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="439.0">
<elevation id="00453832076B2236FB0E9883FAAEABE2" box="[1217,1293,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.39" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="439.0">439 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(MACN-Ar N°43777, vch CJG-2068)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2236FF0898DAFDE4AA2A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1086,2013]" box="[199,583,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF0898DAFE5FAA2B" bold="true" box="[199,508,1266,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Other material examined.</emphasis>
None.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3728C8A076B2236FF08993EFE3FA90A" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2236FF08993EFE88A92E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1086,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF08993EFEE1AA17" bold="true" box="[199,322,1302,1328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C68A482076B2236FE88993FFDC9AA16" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[327,618,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FE88993FFDC9AA16" box="[327,618,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Osornolobus violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FDBF993FFD0EAA16" bold="true" box="[624,685,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE68076B2236FDBF993FFD0EAA16" box="[624,685,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C68A482076B2236FCE5993FFBD2AA16" authority="Forster &amp; Platnick" authorityName="Forster &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1985" box="[810,1137,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trancas">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FCE5993FFC3CAA17" box="[810,927,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">O. trancas</emphasis>
Forster &amp; Platnick
</taxonomicName>
in the general morphology of the palpal organ (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F0076B2236FE699913FD1CAA72" author="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I." box="[422,703,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref2913" refString="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1985) A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 181, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1985">Forster &amp; Platnick, 1985</bibRefCitation>
, figs 141–142), but differs by having forwardly directed terminal paraembolic elements, by lacking the dorsal embolar sheath, and by the less conspicuous constriction of the base of the embolic division (
<figureCitation id="1353C384076B2236FE4799ABFDB1AABA" box="[392,530,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,187,981]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1435,181,987]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 A–D. Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., male holotype. A. left palp, cleared, prolateral, B. same, retrolateral, C. same, ventral retrolateral, D. left tarsus I, retrolateral.Abbreviations: e = embolus, to = tarsal organ, asterisks = less sclerotized section of spermophore, arrow= retrolateral sclerotized paraembolic prong. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Figs. 2 A–C</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C68A482076B2236FDEB99ABFD71AABA" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[548,722,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FDEB99ABFD71AABA" box="[548,722,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">O. violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FD1799ABFCB5AABA" bold="true" box="[728,790,1411,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE68076B2236FD1799ABFCB5AABA" box="[728,790,1411,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also resembles superficially to
<taxonomicName id="4C68A482076B2236FBBC99ABFAB1AABA" authorityName="Forster &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1985" box="[1139,1298,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahuelbuta">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FBBC99ABFAB1AABA" box="[1139,1298,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">O. nahuelbuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of the terminal elements (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F0076B2236FE78998FFD71AAE6" author="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I." box="[439,722,1446,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref2913" refString="Forster, R. R. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1985) A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 181, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1985">Forster &amp; Platnick, 1985</bibRefCitation>
, figs 137, 138), but they are more closely arranged, converging to the embolus; it is also distinguished by their larger body size (2.1vs.
<quantity id="4C9072E4076B2236FC0F99E3FBB4AAC2" box="[960,1047,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
) and their slender copulatory bulb (
<figureCitation id="1353C384076B2236FF5099C7FEBCA92E" box="[159,287,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 1" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-176@2.[151,1436,489,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 A–I. Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp. male. A. habitus dorsal, B. same, lateral, C. carapace, dorsal view, D. same, ventral, E. same, anterior, F. left palp, prolateral, G. same, dorsal, H. same, retrolateral, I. same, ventral.All images correspond to the holotype, except D, paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929772/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1 F–I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2236FF089A3BFE3FA90A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1086,2013]" box="[199,412,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF089A3BFE36A90A" bold="true" box="[199,405,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Female unknown</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3728C8A076B2236FF089A1FFE28A822" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2236FF089A1FFE28A822" blockId="1.[151,1437,1086,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF089A1FFEEDA976" bold="true" box="[199,334,1591,1617]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is a noun in apposition in honor of the memory of Violeta Parra (1917–1967), a world-renowned leading figure in Chilean folk music. Her artistic vein was expressed in many forms: radio performer, composer and folk compiler, visual artist, and poetess. Parra was fundamental to the Chilean New Song, a musical movement that emerged in
<collectingCountry id="F37F9F91076B2236FD8F9A8BFDDEA99A" box="[576,637,1699,1725]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Chile</collectingCountry>
in the 1950s. As part of this movement, she reflected on the evolution of folk music in the different spaces in which she took part, becoming the leading figure in Chilean and South American folk music.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3728C8A076B2235FF089B26FDB7AEF6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF01076B2235FF089B26FDB7AEF6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1086,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B91C0313076B2236FF089B26FEF2A80F" bold="true" box="[199,337,1806,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Description</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54D361A3076B2236FEAE9B27FE68A80E" box="[353,459,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Holotype</typeStatus>
male). Total length 2.1. Carapace 0.96 long, 0.72 wide. Abdomen 1.1 long, 0.72wide. Coloration: carapace light orangish brown, sternum slightly lighter, uniform; eye group on black pigment; dorsum of abdomen with purple chevron markings, well delimited on the postero-dorsal part, but almost entirely fused anteriorly in a purple area; abdominal venter light grey, with two purple patches immediately behind epigastric furrow; spinnerets flanked from behind and sides by purple pigment. Eye ratio, ALE:PME:PLE, 6:5:5. Chelicerae 0.38 long. Sternum 0.58 long, 0.46 wide. Leg spination: tibiae: III p1-1, v0-0-1; IV p1-1, r0-1-1, v0-1-2; metatarsi: III p1-1-1, r1-1, v0-1-2; IV p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v0-1-0-2. Tarsal organ elongate, with receptor spine longer than base (
<figureCitation id="1353C38407682235FF509C93FF59AFF2" box="[159,250,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,187,981]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1435,181,987]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 A–D. Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., male holotype. A. left palp, cleared, prolateral, B. same, retrolateral, C. same, ventral retrolateral, D. left tarsus I, retrolateral.Abbreviations: e = embolus, to = tarsal organ, asterisks = less sclerotized section of spermophore, arrow= retrolateral sclerotized paraembolic prong. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Leg measurements (femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi, tarsi = total): I: 0.84, 0.38, 0.78, 0.72, 0.4 = 3.12; II: 0.78, 0.34, 0.62, 0.6, 0.34 = 2.68; III: 0.68, 0.26, 0.52, 0.58, 0.32 = 2.36; IV: 0.9, 0.36, 0.76, 0.82, 0.4 = 3.24. Leg formula: 4123. Genitalia: palpal bulb relatively slender, with relatively elongated embolic division; spermophore describing two open coils before the less sclerotized section (asterisks in
<figureCitation id="1353C38407682235FC0E9D0FFBE9AE66" box="[961,1098,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,187,981]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1435,181,987]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 A–D. Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., male holotype. A. left palp, cleared, prolateral, B. same, retrolateral, C. same, ventral retrolateral, D. left tarsus I, retrolateral.Abbreviations: e = embolus, to = tarsal organ, asterisks = less sclerotized section of spermophore, arrow= retrolateral sclerotized paraembolic prong. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">Figs. 2 A–C</figureCitation>
); when runs slightly sinuously until ingressing in the embolus, which is nearly tubuliform, prolaterally located, and with a very small terminal lamella next to the ejaculatory opening. Two terminal prongs, one ventral-prolateral, widened and flattened, with a distal indentation, and other retrolateral, more sclerotized, with a darkened, acute tip and a dorsal triangular extension (arrow, in
<figureCitation id="1353C38407682235FEB29D9FFDABAEF6" box="[381,520,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,187,981]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1435,181,987]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 A–D. Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., male holotype. A. left palp, cleared, prolateral, B. same, retrolateral, C. same, ventral retrolateral, D. left tarsus I, retrolateral.Abbreviations: e = embolus, to = tarsal organ, asterisks = less sclerotized section of spermophore, arrow= retrolateral sclerotized paraembolic prong. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929774/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">Figs. 2 B–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF178F8907682235FF589BBDFDA1A8D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929772/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="587" startId="2.[151,264,1941,1965]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1917]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF0107682235FF589BBDFDA1A8D2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1941,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FF589BBDFEECA88A" bold="true" box="[151,335,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">FIGURES 1 A–I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207682235FE9B9BBDFDFFA88A" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[340,604,1941,1965]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FE9B9BBDFDFFA88A" box="[340,604,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">Osornolobus violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FDAD9BBDFD38A88A" bold="true" box="[610,667,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE6807682235FDAD9BBDFD38A88A" box="[610,667,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
male.
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FD119BBDFD54A88A" bold="true" box="[734,759,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">A.</emphasis>
habitus dorsal,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FC599BBDFC0DA88A" bold="true" box="[918,942,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">B.</emphasis>
same, lateral,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FB8F9BBDFBFBA88A" bold="true" box="[1088,1112,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">C.</emphasis>
carapace, dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FA8C9BBDFAFFA88A" bold="true" box="[1347,1372,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">D.</emphasis>
same, ventral,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FF259B91FEA2A8F6" bold="true" box="[234,257,1977,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">E.</emphasis>
same, anterior,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FE6D9B91FE16A8F6" bold="true" box="[418,437,1977,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">F.</emphasis>
left palp, prolateral,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FD469B91FD00A8F6" bold="true" box="[649,675,1977,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">G.</emphasis>
same, dorsal,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FCFC9B91FCEDA8F6" bold="true" box="[819,846,1977,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">H.</emphasis>
same, retrolateral,
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FBC09B91FBBCA8F6" bold="true" box="[1039,1055,1977,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">I.</emphasis>
same, ventral. All images correspond to the holotype, except
<emphasis id="B91C031307682235FE4B9BF5FE35A8D2" bold="true" box="[388,406,2013,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">D</emphasis>
, paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF178F8907692234FF589FD4FBCEAB7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929774/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" startId="3.[151,264,1020,1044]" targetBox="[163,1433,187,981]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF0107692234FF589FD4FBCEAB7A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1020,1117]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FF589FD4FEF8AB33" bold="true" box="[151,347,1020,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">FIGURES 2 A–D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FEAD9FD4FDCFAB33" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[354,620,1020,1044]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FEAD9FD4FDCFAB33" box="[354,620,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Osornolobus violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FDBC9FD4FD0DAB33" bold="true" box="[627,686,1020,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE6807692234FDBC9FD4FD0DAB33" box="[627,686,1020,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male holotype.
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FC949FD4FCD7AB33" bold="true" box="[859,884,1020,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">A.</emphasis>
left palp, cleared, prolateral,
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FB6A9FD4FB1FAB33" bold="true" box="[1189,1212,1020,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">B.</emphasis>
same, retrolateral,
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FA4B9FD4FA3FAB33" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1020,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">C.</emphasis>
same, ventral retrolateral,
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FE6F9808FE1AAB1F" bold="true" box="[416,441,1056,1080]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">D.</emphasis>
left tarsus I, retrolateral. Abbreviations: e = embolus, to = tarsal organ, asterisks = less sclerotized section of spermophore, arrow= retrolateral sclerotized paraembolic prong. Scale bars = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3728C8A07692234FF0898A2FC3FA877" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD7DF0107692234FF0898A2FBF1AB83" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,1872]" box="[199,1106,1162,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FF0898A2FEC2AB83" bold="true" box="[199,353,1162,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="54D361A307692234FDAF98A3FD33AB82" box="[608,656,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">type</typeStatus>
locality, in Talca (
<collectingRegion id="49AC11E307692234FC9098A2FC08AB83" box="[863,939,1162,1188]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Maule</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37F9F9107692234FC7998A2FC56AB83" box="[950,1013,1162,1188]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<figureCitation id="1353C38407692234FBCE98A2FBE7AB83" box="[1025,1092,1162,1188]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,188,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-29@4.[151,1436,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., (white circles), and limits of the Achibueno Natural Reserve, Maule Region, Chile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929776/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD7DF0107692234FF089886FBC2AA5B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FF089886FE80ABEF" bold="true" box="[199,291,1198,1224]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Habitat</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FEFB9886FDF8ABEF" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[308,603,1198,1224]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FEFB9886FDF8ABEF" box="[308,603,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Osornolobus violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FDA99886FD0BABEF" bold="true" box="[614,680,1198,1224]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE6807692234FDA99886FD0BABEF" box="[614,680,1198,1224]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has only been collected in a small section within the Achibueno Natural Reserve (
<collectingRegion id="49AC11E307692234FE9698FAFD87ABCB" box="[345,548,1234,1260]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Región del Maule</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37F9F9107692234FDE098FAFDD3ABCB" box="[559,624,1234,1260]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Chile</collectingCountry>
), an area of high biological value due to its unique landscapes and its role as a transition area between the Chilean Sclerophyllous Matorral and the Valdivian Temperate Forest biomes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FA9C98DEFEACAA13" author="Myers, N. &amp; Mittermeir, R. A. &amp; Mittermeir, C. G. &amp; Da Fonseca, G. A. B. &amp; Kent, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="853 - 858" refId="ref3172" refString="Myers, N., Mittermeir, R. A., Mittermeir, C. G., Da Fonseca, G. A. B. &amp; Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853 - 858. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35002501" type="journal article" year="2000">
Myers
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FF589933FF6DAA13" box="[151,206,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FED69932FE74AA13" author="San Martin Acevedo, J." box="[281,471,1306,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="70 - 134" refId="ref3294" refString="San Martin Acevedo, J. (Ed.) (2022) Taxonomia, Distribucion, Ecologia y Dinamica de Los Bosques. In: San Martin Acevedo, J. (Ed.), Los bosques relictos de Ruil: ecologia, biodiversidad, conservacion y restauracion. CMPC &amp; INFOR, El Sur Impresores Ltda, Biobio, pp. 70 - 134." type="book chapter" year="2022">San Martín 2022</bibRefCitation>
). They are characterized by species such as
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FC779932FBF1AA13" box="[952,1106,1306,1332]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molle">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FC779932FBF1AA13" box="[952,1106,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Schinus molle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FBB29932FF4DAA7E" authority="(Phil.) Krasser" authorityName="Krasser" baseAuthorityName="Phil." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FBB29932FAF3AA13" box="[1149,1360,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Nothofagus glauca</emphasis>
(Phil.) Krasser
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FF359916FD22AA7F" authority="(Mirb.) Oerst." authorityName="Oerst." baseAuthorityName="Mirb." box="[250,641,1342,1368]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FF359916FE7AAA7F" box="[250,473,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Nothofagus obliqua</emphasis>
(Mirb.) Oerst.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FD439916FBBFAA7F" authority="(Mirb.) Oerst." authorityName="Oerst." baseAuthorityName="Mirb." box="[652,1052,1342,1368]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FD439916FCD7AA7F" box="[652,884,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
(Mirb.) Oerst.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FBE89917FF71AA5A" authority="(Miers ex Bertero) Nees" authorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityName="Bertero" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingue">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FBE89917FB60AA7F" box="[1063,1219,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Persea lingue</emphasis>
(Miers ex Bertero) Nees
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FF12994BFD20AA5A" authority="(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) R. Br." authorityName="R. Br." baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." box="[221,643,1378,1405]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Lomatia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FF12994BFE35AA5B" box="[221,406,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Lomatia dentata</emphasis>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) R. Br.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FD71994AFC5CAA5A" authority="D. Don." authorityName="D. Don." box="[702,1023,1378,1405]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saligna">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FD71994AFC3DAA5B" box="[702,926,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Podocarpus saligna</emphasis>
D. Don.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1353C38407692234FBC1994AFBF0AA5B" box="[1038,1107,1378,1404]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="5.[151,264,2008,2032]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,181,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[194,1394,181,1985]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A–B. Type locality of Osornolobus violetaparra n. sp., Achibueno Natural Reserve, Maule Region, Chile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929778/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD7DF0107692234FF0899AEFC3FA877" blockId="3.[151,1437,1162,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FF0899AEFB3DAA87" bold="true" box="[199,1182,1414,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
Implications for the conservation of the habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FCE299AEFBF6AA86" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[813,1109,1414,1441]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FCE299AEFBF6AA86" bold="true" box="[813,1109,1414,1441]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Osornolobus violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE6807692234FB9199AEFB3DAA87" box="[1118,1182,1414,1440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The
<collectingRegion id="49AC11E307692234FB1399AEFA87AA87" box="[1244,1316,1414,1440]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Maule</collectingRegion>
forest is a unique, highly diverse ecosystem where central Chile's sclerophyllous vegetation meets southern Chile's temperate vegetation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FED699E6FE7BAACF" author="San Martin Acevedo, J." box="[281,472,1486,1512]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="70 - 134" refId="ref3294" refString="San Martin Acevedo, J. (Ed.) (2022) Taxonomia, Distribucion, Ecologia y Dinamica de Los Bosques. In: San Martin Acevedo, J. (Ed.), Los bosques relictos de Ruil: ecologia, biodiversidad, conservacion y restauracion. CMPC &amp; INFOR, El Sur Impresores Ltda, Biobio, pp. 70 - 134." type="book chapter" year="2022">San Martín 2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FE2E99E6FCA9AACF" author="Smith-Ramirez, C. &amp; Grez, A. &amp; Galleguillos, M. &amp; Cerda, C. &amp; Ocampo-Melgar, A. &amp; Miranda, M. D. &amp; Munoz, A. A. &amp; Rendon-Funes, A. &amp; Diaz, I. &amp; Cifuentes, C. &amp; Alaniz, A. &amp; Seguel, O. &amp; Ovalle, J. &amp; Montenegro, G. &amp; Saldes-Cortes, A. &amp; Martinez-Harms, M. J. &amp; Armesto, J. J. &amp; Vita, A." box="[481,778,1486,1512]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="104927" refId="ref3397" refString="Smith-Ramirez, C., Grez, A., Galleguillos, M., Cerda, C., Ocampo-Melgar, A., Miranda, M. D., Munoz, A. A., Rendon-Funes, A., Diaz, I., Cifuentes, C., Alaniz, A., Seguel, O., Ovalle, J., Montenegro, G., Saldes-Cortes, A., Martinez-Harms, M. J., Armesto, J. J. &amp; Vita, A. (2023) Ecosystem services of Chilean sclerophyllous forests and shrublands on the verge of collapse: A review. Journal of Arid Environments, 211, 104927. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jaridenv. 2022.104927" type="journal article" year="2023">
Smith-Ramírez
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FD5E99E7FD6BAACF" box="[657,712,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
). Even though it has been recognized as a high conservation value area globally due to its high endemicity and species richness, this forest has been intensively deforested and fragmented (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FEE89A3EFDADA917" author="Miranda, A. &amp; Altamirano, A. &amp; Cayuela, L. &amp; Lara, A. &amp; Gonzalez, M." box="[295,526,1558,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="285 - 297" refId="ref3102" refString="Miranda, A., Altamirano, A., Cayuela, L., Lara, A. &amp; Gonzalez, M. (2017) Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence. Regional Environmental Change, 17 (1), 285 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10113 - 016 - 1010 - 7" type="journal article" year="2017">
Miranda
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FE5E9A3FFE68A917" box="[401,459,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FDD39A3EFCEFA917" author="Smith-Ramirez, C. &amp; Grez, A. &amp; Galleguillos, M. &amp; Cerda, C. &amp; Ocampo-Melgar, A. &amp; Miranda, M. D. &amp; Munoz, A. A. &amp; Rendon-Funes, A. &amp; Diaz, I. &amp; Cifuentes, C. &amp; Alaniz, A. &amp; Seguel, O. &amp; Ovalle, J. &amp; Montenegro, G. &amp; Saldes-Cortes, A. &amp; Martinez-Harms, M. J. &amp; Armesto, J. J. &amp; Vita, A." box="[540,844,1558,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="104927" refId="ref3397" refString="Smith-Ramirez, C., Grez, A., Galleguillos, M., Cerda, C., Ocampo-Melgar, A., Miranda, M. D., Munoz, A. A., Rendon-Funes, A., Diaz, I., Cifuentes, C., Alaniz, A., Seguel, O., Ovalle, J., Montenegro, G., Saldes-Cortes, A., Martinez-Harms, M. J., Armesto, J. J. &amp; Vita, A. (2023) Ecosystem services of Chilean sclerophyllous forests and shrublands on the verge of collapse: A review. Journal of Arid Environments, 211, 104927. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jaridenv. 2022.104927" type="journal article" year="2023">
Smith-Ramírez
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FD1F9A3FFCA9A917" box="[720,778,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
) to the extent that its surface area has decreased by 67% since the mid-1970s (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FE719A12FD1BA973" author="Echeverria, C. &amp; Coomes, D. &amp; Salas, J. &amp; Rey-Benayas, J. M. &amp; Lara, A. &amp; Newtone, A." box="[446,696,1594,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="481 - 494" refId="ref2799" refString="Echeverria, C., Coomes, D., Salas, J., Rey-Benayas, J. M., Lara, A. &amp; Newtone, A. (2006) Rapid deforestation and fragmentation of Chilean Temperate Forests. Biological Conservation, 130, 481 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2006.01.017" type="journal article" year="2006">
Echeverría
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FDF09A13FDD5A973" box="[575,630,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FD0D9A13FC49A973" author="Becerra, P. I. &amp; Simonetti, J. A." box="[706,1002,1594,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref2586" refString="Becerra, P. I. &amp; Simonetti, J. A. (2020) Native and exotic plant species diversity in forest fragments and forestry plantations of a coastal landscape of central Chile. Bosque, 41 (2), 125 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0717 - 92002020000200125" type="journal article" year="2020">Becerra &amp; Simonetti 2020</bibRefCitation>
), resulting in isolated native vegetation fragments that are surrounded by plantations of
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FD789A77FC14A95E" authority="D. Don." authorityName="D. Don." box="[695,951,1630,1657]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FD789A77FCF2A95F" box="[695,849,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Pinus radiata</emphasis>
D. Don.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FC3B9A76FA88A95F" authority="Labill." authorityName="Labill." box="[1012,1323,1630,1656]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globulus">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FC3B9A76FB7BA95F" box="[1012,1240,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Eucalyptus globulus</emphasis>
Labill.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FAF59A76FF58A9BB" author="White, D. A. &amp; Silberstein, R. P. &amp; Balocchi-Contreras, F. &amp; Quiroga, J. J. &amp; de Arellano, P. R." pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="187" refId="ref3597" refString="White, D. A., Silberstein, R. P., Balocchi-Contreras, F., Quiroga, J. J. &amp; de Arellano, P. R. (2020) Contribution of Advanced Regeneration of Pinus radiata D. Don. to Transpiration by a Fragment of Native Forest in Central Chile Is out of Proportion with the Contribution to Sapwood Area. Forests, 11 (2), 187. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / f 11020187" type="journal article" year="2020">
White
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FA479A77FF17A9BB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). This suggests that the biota associated with these ecosystems, particularly the edaphic epigeal fauna, such as spiders – a group that is sensitive to substrate perturbations– and the endemic fauna present in these unique environments face a critical conservation challenge (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9A2F007692234FD309AE2FBBDA9C3" author="De La Vega, X. &amp; Grez, A. A. &amp; Simonetti, J. A." box="[767,1054,1738,1765]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" pagination="836 - 844" refId="ref2736" refString="De La Vega, X., Grez, A. A. &amp; Simonetti, J. A. (2012) Is top-down control by predators driving insect abundance and herbivory rates in fragmented forests? Austral Ecology, 37, 836 - 844. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1442 - 9993.2011.02345. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
De La Vega
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FC569AE3FC75A9C3" box="[921,982,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). The highly endemic species of
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FF589AC6FE83A82F" authorityName="Cooke" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,288,1774,1800]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Orsolobidae</taxonomicName>
in general, and
<taxonomicName id="4C68A48207692234FE1A9AC6FD5AA82F" authority="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya, 2023" authorityName="Grismado &amp; Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2023" box="[469,761,1774,1800]" class="Arachnida" family="Orsolobidae" genus="Osornolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violetaparra" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FE1A9AC6FD5AA82F" box="[469,761,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Osornolobus violetaparra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91C031307692234FCCF9AC6FC9CA82F" bold="true" box="[768,831,1774,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FBE6807692234FCCF9AC6FC9CA82F" box="[768,831,1774,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in particular, might be a useful tool for implementing arthropod conservation strategies as part of the conservation of threatened environments. Niche specificity and bioindicator levels might be interesting questions for future research.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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