195 lines
27 KiB
XML
195 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="03C4BE2E6EAACB6021E000C37BD7909D" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484105509" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Georgieva, Magdalena N., Little, Crispin T. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Sephton, Mark A., Ball, Alexander D. & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2019" docId="03C0814B9037FFB03F43FC374DA4FD4D" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.17.4.287-329.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.3:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Siboglinidae Caullery 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="297" masterDocId="FFF9F933903CFFBB3E4CFFA14E0EFF1E" masterDocTitle="Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1712152197148" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DB5FDF5F3517DE23DF6D50B093B70A50">Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="302345A2D14130E1A9EEB16C0A4C177F">Georgieva, Magdalena N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C155F1DC0C171BC26328095F2FDD41F8">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; & School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F0EC6C330C375617B796FA5FDA3A4547">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68EE065E449AD3D583E3735102D34649">School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B69075317522EC610EA4CE3664226D29">Watson, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E132ABFC54D8A161B43BA2C7DA53BA55">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BAD34166D9A466C379F15E88E0C9AF0F">Sephton, Mark A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B3A73B87E61C2609B1C8C5494D1509D0">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1DAFD02063B97862995222C9A870E76E">Ball, Alexander D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E0A39D0F978D08105D652E986A94C25">Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4554BDFF9AED2A2CC09817D37CD20C72">Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06DCF953E3E7DEF0B9CA4FA7CC0FE626">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E060FA7836A1690900253353780AC6CD">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="31D62D9CFB44C7D78BE8D7D6E2805C1C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="70A38A982C05C3978C64A4DBE40994B4">2017-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="670B305F88912600F699EC505A4956B9">17</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F86A3434467BD9C06E4C04281660B1E7">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03C0814B9037FFB03F43FC374DA4FD4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0814B9037FFB03F43FC374DA4FD4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0814B9037FFB03F43FC374DA4FD4D" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03F43FC374C36FCD3" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03F43FC374C36FCD3" blockId="11.[271,670,918,1036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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?Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9037FFB03F21FC374C90FCB3" ID-CoL="84KRZ" authority="Caullery, 1914" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" box="[365,670,918,941]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03F21FC374FF4FCB3" bold="true" box="[365,506,918,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Siboglinidae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9037FFB03C4CFC374C90FCB3" author="Caullery, M." box="[512,670,918,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" pagination="2014 - 2017" refId="ref22158" refString="Caullery, M. 1914. Sur les Siboglinidae, type nouveau d'invert´ebr´es receuillis par l'exp´edition du Siboga. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances´de l'Academie´des Sciences, 158, 2014 - 2017." type="journal article" year="1914">Caullery, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?vestimentiferan)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03F11FC774C41FCF3" box="[349,591,982,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03F11FC774C41FCF3" blockId="11.[271,670,918,1036]" box="[349,591,982,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03F11FC774C41FCF3" bold="true" box="[349,591,982,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">‘Canyon River tubes’</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03FE2FC544FF0FB12" box="[430,510,1013,1036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03FE2FC544FF0FB12" blockId="11.[271,670,918,1036]" box="[430,510,1013,1036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03FFBFC544FFBFB12" box="[439,501,1013,1036]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03ED3FB944F86FB72" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03ED3FB944F86FB72" blockId="11.[159,781,1077,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">2000 vestimentiferan worm tubes Goedert, Peckmann, & Reitner: 995, fig. 3.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03ED3FB2D4CBFFA87" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03ED3FB2D4FFEFA1C" blockId="11.[159,781,1164,1282]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03ED3FB2D4F04FBBD" bold="true" box="[159,266,1164,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Material.</emphasis>
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WA-CR LACMIP 16957, several large, straight tubes preserved in the same orientation. JLG 473, tubes embedded in carbonate matrix, thin sections of tubes only. Donated by J. L. Goedert.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03ED3FA834CBFFA87" blockId="11.[159,781,1314,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03ED3FA834F22FA27" bold="true" box="[159,300,1314,1337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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||
Canyon River, south-west
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<collectingRegion id="49ADFEBF9037FFB03CC0FA834ED9FA47" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Washington State</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E70CD9037FFB03EAAFAE34F15FA47" box="[230,283,1346,1369]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">USA</collectingCountry>
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(47
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D569A9037FFB03F04FA9C4F81FA47" box="[328,399,1341,1369]" degrees="18.18" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" precision="555" value="-18.18">
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159037FFB03F04FA9C4F5FFA50" attach="none" box="[328,337,1341,1358]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">º</superScript>
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18.18
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</geoCoordinate>
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03FDEFA9C4F99FA50" bold="true" box="[402,407,1341,1358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159037FFB03FDEFA9C4F99FA50" attach="right" box="[402,407,1341,1358]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">'</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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N, 123
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D569A9037FFB03FA8FA9C4C25FA47" box="[484,555,1341,1369]" degrees="30.52" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" precision="555" value="-30.52">
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159037FFB03FA8FA9C4FE3FA50" attach="none" box="[484,493,1341,1358]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">º</superScript>
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30.52
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</geoCoordinate>
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03C62FA9C4C3DFA50" bold="true" box="[558,563,1341,1358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159037FFB03C62FA9C4C3DFA50" attach="right" box="[558,563,1341,1358]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">'</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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W). Seep carbonate within siltstone, Lincoln Creek Formation, lower Oligocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9037FFB03E92FA234FA3FA87" author="Goedert, J. & Peckmann, J. & Reitner, J." box="[222,429,1410,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" pagination="992 - 999" refId="ref22726" refString="Goedert, J., Peckmann, J. & Reitner, J. 2000. Worm tubes in an allochthonous cold-seep carbonate from lower Oligocene rocks of western Washington. Journal of Paleontology, 74, 992 - 999." type="journal article" year="2000">
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Goedert
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03F70FA234F7CFA87" box="[316,370,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9037FFB03FF7FA234CAFFA87" author="Peckmann, J. & Goedert, J. L. & Thiel, V. & Michaelis, W. & Reitner, J." box="[443,673,1410,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" pagination="855 - 873" refId="ref24888" refString="Peckmann, J., Goedert, J. L., Thiel, V., Michaelis, W. & Reitner, J. 2002. A comprehensive approach to the study of methane-seep deposits from the Lincoln Creek Formation, western Washington State, USA. Sedimentology, 49, 855 - 873." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Peckmann
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03C7CFA234C68FA87" box="[560,614,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03ED3FA184F99F890" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03ED3FA184F99F890" blockId="11.[159,782,1465,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03ED3FA184F24FACE" bold="true" box="[159,298,1465,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Description.</emphasis>
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Carbonate tubes from this locality were originally described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9037FFB03FEEFA784C85FAEE" author="Goedert, J. & Peckmann, J. & Reitner, J." box="[418,651,1497,1520]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" pagination="992 - 999" refId="ref22726" refString="Goedert, J., Peckmann, J. & Reitner, J. 2000. Worm tubes in an allochthonous cold-seep carbonate from lower Oligocene rocks of western Washington. Journal of Paleontology, 74, 992 - 999." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Goedert
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03C4DFA784C37FAEE" box="[513,569,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
. They measure 1.1–7.0 mm in diameter, and are non-branching, non-agglutinated and not attached to other tubes (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03CC0F9B94D0FF931" box="[652,769,1560,1583]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
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). Tubes taper slightly, and the walls of the majority of the tubes are smooth and lack ornamentation (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03CCFF9F94D0EF971" box="[643,768,1624,1647]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
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), while longitudinal wrinkles are present in one small-diameter tube (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03F58F9394F65F9B1" box="[276,363,1688,1711]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube walls are thick and multi-layered, and at times delaminated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03C44F9194C6EF9D1" box="[520,608,1720,1743]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
), suggesting an originally organic composition. The tubes appear to have originally been rigid as walls are generally not compressed, both in hand specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03C4DF8B64C7DF830" box="[513,627,1815,1838]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and thin section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03E96F8964F22F850" box="[218,300,1847,1870]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and fluorescence during
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78A8989037FFB03C05F8964C9FF850" box="[585,657,1847,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">CLSM</collectionCode>
|
||
analysis of the tube walls further suggests that the tubes were originally organic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03F77F8D64F84F890" box="[315,394,1911,1934]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-94@12.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. ‘Canyon River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A–C, WA-CR LACMIP 16957; A, large-diameter tubes in hand specimen; B, smooth small-diameter tubes; C, small-diameter tube with longitudinal wrinkles. D–F, JLG 473; D, delaminated tube wall with a fragment of preserved multi-layered tube wall (white arrow); E, uncompressed transverse section of a small diameter tube; F, detail of tube wall showing fluorescent bands that likely indicate the presence of preserved organic matter from the tube wall, imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 3 mm; D = 150 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883393/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69037FFB03D01FF1F4DA4FD4D" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9037FFB03D01FF1F4DA4FD4D" blockId="11.[845,1467,190,595]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03D01FF1F4DB5FFCB" bold="true" box="[845,955,190,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
These tubes were suggested to have been made by vestimentiferans by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9037FFB03ACAFF7C4B68FFEA" author="Goedert, J. & Peckmann, J. & Reitner, J." box="[1158,1382,221,244]" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" pagination="992 - 999" refId="ref22726" refString="Goedert, J., Peckmann, J. & Reitner, J. 2000. Worm tubes in an allochthonous cold-seep carbonate from lower Oligocene rocks of western Washington. Journal of Paleontology, 74, 992 - 999." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Goedert
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03AAEFF7C4B16FFEA" box="[1250,1304,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, resembling tubes made by the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9037FFB03ADAFF5C4AF8FE0A" authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="1985" box="[1174,1270,253,276]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" genus="Escarpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="297" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9037FFB03ADAFF5C4AF8FE0A" box="[1174,1270,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Escarpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite the tubes being largely unresolved in the cladistic and cluster analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03D30FE9C4DC2FE4A" box="[892,972,317,340]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="33.[159,227,1382,1403]" captionTargetBox="[173,1453,183,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-184@33.[173,1453,183,1350]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 22. Strict consensus cladogram of the three most parsimonious trees of tubes built by a total of 43 modern annelid taxa (best score = 14.344, consistency index = 0.308, retention index = 0.629). The analysis was based on the 48 mostly morphological tube characters and was performed using implied character weighting (k = 3). Numbers on nodes represent groups present/contradicted support values. Symbols/colours indicate taxonomic affinities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883425/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89037FFB03D94FE9C4DFDFE4A" box="[984,1011,317,340]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="35.[159,227,1159,1180]" captionTargetBox="[398,1229,183,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-242@35.[397,1230,183,1127]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 24. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra of the organic tubes of vent and seep annelids. Spectra are offset on the absorbance axis, and key spectral absorbance peaks are labelled with the types of chemical bonds they represent: -NH, nitrogenhydrogen; -CH, carbon-hydrogen; -OH, oxygen-hydrogen. The regions of the tube analysed are as follows: Tevnia jerichonana (anterior, inner tube wall); Zenkevitchiana longissimi (middle, outer tube wall); Lamellibrachia anaximandri (posterior, outer tube wall); Sclerolinum contortum (anterior, outer tube wall); Alvinella sp. (middle); Spiochaetopterus izuensis (middle, outer tube wall)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883429/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="297">24</figureCitation>
|
||
), they closely resemble those of vestimentiferans owing to their smooth walls and columnar morphology. The diameter range of the tubes, as well as the hard, organic, mostly thick and multi-layered nature of the tube walls, are typical of most vestimentiferans. We therefore suggest that vestimentiferans are the most likely builders of these tubes, but this assignment is tentative due to the poor resolution of these tubes in the cladistic analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |