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<document id="BC2B814C98FF12BC61978D26A5271E0A" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2391450" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758597" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1726224316913" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, Brunke, Adam J. &amp; Navarrete-Heredia, José L." docDate="2024" docId="03BE87C4FFA8D505FE7DFB96FEBCED0D" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.37-40.1509-1528.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (37 - 40)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2391450" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paraxenopygus Bernhauer 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1517" masterDocId="FF87FFBCFFAAD50DFFC0FFCFFFCAE865" masterDocTitle="A review of Paraxenopygus Bernhauer (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="1528" masterPageNumber="1509" pageNumber="1511" updateTime="1726580798678" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F134C1D17745CF0ECF219E13B9678F40">A review of Paraxenopygus Bernhauer (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5BC961CF9EC77F0C61183E7C8ED62BB0">Chatzimanolis, Stylianos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FBAE91755BE0A2FA7FE40C5D99480792">Brunke, Adam J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA5C5681A11173EB91634FD473EC6827">Navarrete-Heredia, José L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6819E0A7525C224803C8C5BC7D0526AA">Centro de Estudios en Zoología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA8D50FFE7DFB96FCACEC11" blockId="2.[445,870,1113,1140]" box="[445,870,1113,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFE7DFB96FCACEC11" ID-CoL="8XNPR" authority="Bernhauer, 1911" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[445,870,1113,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFE7DFB96FCACEC11" bold="true" box="[445,870,1113,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFE7DFB96FD49EC11" bold="true" box="[445,643,1113,1140]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B23FFA8D50FFD4BFB96FCACEC11" author="Bernhauer M" box="[651,870,1113,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref9888" refString="Bernhauer M. 1911. Zur Staphylinidenfauna von Sud-Amerika (Col.). Dtsch Entomol Z. 1911: 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1911">Bernhauer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C30D6559FFA8D50FFD82FB48FD2BECC7" box="[578,737,1159,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA8D50FFD82FB48FD2BECC7" blockId="2.[578,737,1159,1186]" box="[578,737,1159,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFA8D50FFD8AFB48FD13ECC7" box="[586,729,1159,1186]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStart-4="Figure 5" captionStart-5="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="3.[160,227,724,747]" captionStartId-1="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" captionStartId-2="4.[160,225,988,1011]" captionStartId-3="5.[160,225,989,1012]" captionStartId-4="6.[160,225,873,896]" captionStartId-5="7.[160,225,1242,1265]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1151,145,690]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1152,831,1643]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetBox-4="[164,1151,143,840]" captionTargetBox-5="[163,1153,142,1210]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@3.[163,1153,142,692]" captionTargetId-1="figure-37@3.[163,1153,830,1644]" captionTargetId-2="figure-213@4.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetId-3="figure-189@5.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetId-4="figure-226@6.[163,1153,142,842]" captionTargetId-5="figure-125@7.[163,1153,142,1210]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="Figure 1. Habitus of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer." captionText-1="Figure 2. Forebody of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) Glenus coxalis Sharp; (G) G. kraatzi Sharp; (H) G. jelskii Solsky." captionText-2="Figure 3. (A–E) Metacoxal shield (arrow); (F–H) maxillary palpus with apical segment (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. newtoni sp. n.; (G) G. condei Wendeler; (H) G. setosus Sharp." captionText-3="Figure 4. (A–E) Terminal abdominal sternites, including porose structure (arrow); (F–G) antenna; (H) basal abdominal tergites with curved lines (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. tremolerasi; (G) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (H) P. tremolerasi." captionText-4="Figure 5. (A, C, D, F, G,I, J, L, M, O) Aedeagus in ventral (A, D, G, J, M) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O); (B, E, H, K, N) apex of paramere, ventral view. (A–C) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (D–F) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (G–I) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (J–L) P. newtoni sp. n.; (M–O) P. opacipennis Bernhauer. Scale bars = 1 mm (A, C, D, F, G, I, J, L, M, O); 0.5 mm (B, E, H, K, N)." captionText-5="Figure 6. Distribution map of Paraxenopygus Bernhauer; P. tremolerasi (black circles), P. maurocyanos sp. n. (white star), P. peruvianus (black squares), P. newtoni sp. n. (white circle) and P. opacipennis (white squares)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758599" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758605" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758607" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758610" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758610" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13758599/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13758605/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13758607/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13758610/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13758610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Figures 1–6</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFF60FB0FFEF9ECBF" bold="true" box="[160,307,1216,1242]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
<typeStatus id="54AC8870FFA8D50FFF60FB0FFF12ECBF" box="[160,216,1216,1242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Type</typeStatus>
species
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<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA8D50FFF60FB2BFCA7EC98" blockId="2.[160,877,1216,1277]" box="[160,877,1252,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFF60FB2BFD4FEC98" ID-CoL="4DHZ9" authority="Bernhauer, 1911" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[160,645,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFF60FB2BFE0CEC98" box="[160,454,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Paraxenopygus tremolerasi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B23FFA8D50FFE0EFB2BFD4FEC98" author="Bernhauer M" box="[462,645,1252,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref9888" refString="Bernhauer M. 1911. Zur Staphylinidenfauna von Sud-Amerika (Col.). Dtsch Entomol Z. 1911: 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1911">Bernhauer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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, fixed by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA8D50FFF60FAE6FEA9ED26" blockId="2.[160,1147,1321,1381]" box="[160,355,1321,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFF60FAE6FEA9ED26" bold="true" box="[160,355,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Species included</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA8D50FFF60FA83FBB1ED00" blockId="2.[160,1147,1321,1381]" box="[160,1147,1356,1381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFF60FA83FE2AED00" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,480,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFF60FA83FE2AED00" box="[160,480,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Paraxenopygus maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFE2DFA83FDAAED00" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[493,608,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFE2DFA83FDAAED00" box="[493,608,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFDACFA83FCC3ED00" ID-CoL="4DHZ7" baseAuthorityName="Bernhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[620,777,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFDACFA83FCC3ED00" box="[620,777,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFCD6FA83FC6DED00" ID-CoL="4DHZ8" baseAuthorityName="Bernhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[790,935,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFCD6FA83FC6DED00" box="[790,935,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFC21FA83FBBFED00" ID-CoL="4DHZ9" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[993,1141,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFC21FA83FBBFED00" box="[993,1141,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">P. tremolerasi</emphasis>
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30D6559FFA8D508FF60FA5EFDC1ED1D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="1514" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA8D50FFF60FA5EFEDEEDCE" blockId="2.[160,1155,1425,1728]" box="[160,276,1425,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFF60FA5EFEDEEDCE" bold="true" box="[160,276,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA8D509FF60FA7AFE6DED03" blockId="2.[160,1155,1425,1728]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1156,1183,1728]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1513" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFF60FA7AFE8CEDAB" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[160,326,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFF60FA7AFE8CEDAB" box="[160,326,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFD2DFA7AFC41EDAB" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1884" box="[749,907,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Xanthopygina">Xanthopygina</taxonomicName>
genera based on the combination of the following characteristics: head transverse with anterior margin of head shorter than posterior margin (except 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFD6AFA35FC86EE76" baseAuthorityName="Bernhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[682,844,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFD6AFA35FC86EE76" box="[682,844,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
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); head and pronotum not densely setose (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFA8D50FFEA3F9D2FE39EE53" box="[355,499,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,831,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[163,1153,830,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Forebody of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) Glenus coxalis Sharp; (G) G. kraatzi Sharp; (H) G. jelskii Solsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Figure 2A–E</figureCitation>
) as in some species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFCDBF9D2FC70EE53" authority="Kraatz" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[795,954,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFCDBF9D2FCACEE53" box="[795,870,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Glenus</emphasis>
Kraatz
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFA8D50FFC0EF9D2FB89EE53" box="[974,1091,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,988,1011]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetId="figure-213@4.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. (A–E) Metacoxal shield (arrow); (F–H) maxillary palpus with apical segment (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. newtoni sp. n.; (G) G. condei Wendeler; (H) G. setosus Sharp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758605/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Figure 3H</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFF60F9F0FE21EE3D" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1922" box="[160,491,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Tricholinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pehlkei">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFF60F9F0FEA6EE3D" box="[160,364,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Tricholinus pehlkei</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; eyes small (eyes less than half of head length), elongate and positioned laterad; antennal fossa transverse; antennomeres 6–10 transverse and slightly compressed; mandibles straight (except 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA8D50FFD75F94AFC8DEEFB" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[693,839,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA8D50FFD75F94AFC8DEEFB" box="[693,839,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">P. tremolerasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and narrow; right mandible with single tooth; maxillary palpomere 4 longer than palpomere 3 (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFA8D50FFC02F968FBE5EEA5" box="[962,1071,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,988,1011]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetId="figure-213@4.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. (A–E) Metacoxal shield (arrow); (F–H) maxillary palpus with apical segment (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. newtoni sp. n.; (G) G. condei Wendeler; (H) G. setosus Sharp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758605/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1511">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
); labial palpomere 3 not dilated, parallel-sided; pronotum quadrate and convex (lateral margins of pronotum weakly sinuate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FDC6FB0DFDB0ECBE" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[518,634,1218,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FDC6FB0DFDB0ECBE" box="[518,634,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FD75FB0DFC82ECBE" baseAuthorityName="Bernhauer" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[693,840,1218,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FD75FB0DFC82ECBE" box="[693,840,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); pronotal hypomeron with superior marginal line continuous to anterior margin; pronotum without postcoxal process; protibia slightly dilated apically; tibia not flattened (as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FC95FAC8FB8BED45" authority="Erichson" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[853,1089,1287,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scariphaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FC95FAC8FC1DED45" box="[853,983,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Scariphaeus</emphasis>
Erichson
</taxonomicName>
); hind coxa with coxal shield (more developed in males); and in males, sternite 7 with porose structure (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAED509FED3FA82FE50ED03" box="[275,410,1357,1382]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,989,1012]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetId="figure-189@5.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. (A–E) Terminal abdominal sternites, including porose structure (arrow); (F–G) antenna; (H) basal abdominal tergites with curved lines (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. tremolerasi; (G) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (H) P. tremolerasi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758607/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Figure 4A–E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF68665AFFA9D50EFF60FD1BFC47EB6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758599/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" startId="3.[160,227,724,747]" targetBox="[165,1151,145,690]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA9D50EFF60FD1BFC47EB6D" blockId="3.[160,1156,724,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFF60FD1BFECBEA8E" bold="true" box="[160,257,724,747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Habitus of: (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFE72FD1BFCFDEA8E" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[434,823,724,747]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFE72FD1BFD0AEA8E" box="[434,704,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">Paraxenopygus tremolerasi</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFCABFD1BFBC6EA8E" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[875,1036,724,747]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFCABFD1BFBC6EA8E" box="[875,1036,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFBD8FD1BFB9DEA8E" bold="true" box="[1048,1111,724,747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFA9D50EFBD8FD1BFB9DEA8E" box="[1048,1111,724,747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFF60FD3EFE5AEB6D" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[160,400,753,776]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFF60FD3EFEEAEB6D" box="[160,288,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFE7EFD3EFDE9EB6D" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[446,547,753,776]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFE7EFD3EFDE9EB6D" box="[446,547,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFDEAFD3EFDAEEB6D" bold="true" box="[554,612,753,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFA9D50EFDEAFD3EFDAEEB6D" box="[554,612,753,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFD51FD3EFC47EB6D" authority="Bernhauer." authorityName="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityYear="1927" box="[657,909,753,776]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFD51FD3EFCD1EB6D" box="[657,795,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
Bernhauer.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF68665AFFA9D50EFF60F943FDE2EEB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" startId="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" targetBox="[164,1152,831,1643]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA9D50EFF60F943FDE2EEB8" blockId="3.[160,1157,1676,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFF60F943FF35EEC6" bold="true" box="[160,255,1676,1699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Forebody of: (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFE7FF943FCF6EEC6" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[447,828,1676,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFE7FF943FD02EEC6" box="[447,712,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">Paraxenopygus tremolerasi</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFCB0F943FBC5EEC6" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[880,1039,1676,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFCB0F943FBC5EEC6" box="[880,1039,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFBD9F943FB92EEC6" bold="true" box="[1049,1112,1676,1699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFA9D50EFBD9F943FB92EEC6" box="[1049,1112,1676,1699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFF60F966FE5AEEA5" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[160,400,1705,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFF60F966FEEBEEA5" box="[160,289,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFE7FF966FDEEEEA5" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[447,548,1705,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFE7FF966FDEEEEA5" box="[447,548,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFDECF966FDACEEA5" bold="true" box="[556,614,1705,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFA9D50EFDECF966FDACEEA5" box="[556,614,1705,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFD53F966FC47EEA5" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityYear="1927" box="[659,909,1705,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFD53F966FCD4EEA5" box="[659,798,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (F) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFC77F966FB4AEEA5" authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" box="[951,1152,1705,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxalis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFC77F966FBF4EEA5" box="[951,1086,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">Glenus coxalis</emphasis>
Sharp
</taxonomicName>
; (G) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFF04F909FEA8EEB8" authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" box="[196,354,1734,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFF04F909FED5EEB8" box="[196,287,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">G. kraatzi</emphasis>
Sharp
</taxonomicName>
; (H) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA9D50EFE4FF909FDE2EEB8" authority="Solsky." authorityName="Solsky." box="[399,552,1734,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jelskii">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA9D50EFE4FF909FE14EEB8" box="[399,478,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1512">G. jelskii</emphasis>
Solsky.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF68665AFFAED509FF60FC13FE8CEC2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" startId="4.[160,225,988,1011]" targetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFAED509FF60FC13FE8CEC2E" blockId="4.[160,1155,988,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FF60FC13FF37EB96" bold="true" box="[160,253,988,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Figure 3.</emphasis>
(A–E) Metacoxal shield (arrow); (F–H) maxillary palpus with apical segment (arrow). (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FF60FC35FDD2EC74" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[160,536,1018,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FF60FC35FE6CEC74" box="[160,422,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Paraxenopygus tremolerasi</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FD8AFC35FD2CEC74" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[586,742,1018,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FD8AFC35FD2CEC74" box="[586,742,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">P. maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FD31FC35FCE4EC74" bold="true" box="[753,814,1018,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFAED509FD31FC35FCE4EC74" box="[753,814,1018,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FCA3FC35FB93EC74" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[867,1113,1018,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FCA3FC35FC2CEC74" box="[867,998,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FF60FBD8FEC2EC4B" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,264,1047,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FF60FBD8FEC2EC4B" box="[160,264,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FED2FBD8FE85EC4B" bold="true" box="[274,335,1047,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFAED509FED2FBD8FE85EC4B" box="[274,335,1047,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FE41FBD8FDB5EC4B" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityYear="1927" box="[385,639,1047,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FE41FBD8FDC4EC4B" box="[385,526,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (F) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FD6FFBD8FCDDEC4B" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[687,791,1047,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FD6FFBD8FCDDEC4B" box="[687,791,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FCE1FBD8FC94EC4B" bold="true" box="[801,862,1047,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFAED509FCE1FBD8FC94EC4B" box="[801,862,1047,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (G) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FC53FBD8FB90EC4B" authority="Wendeler" authorityName="Wendeler" authorityYear="1956" box="[915,1114,1047,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="condei">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FC53FBD8FC25EC4B" box="[915,1007,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">G. condei</emphasis>
Wendeler
</taxonomicName>
; (H) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FF60FBFBFE8CEC2E" authority="Sharp." authorityName="Sharp." box="[160,326,1076,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FF60FBFBFECAEC2E" box="[160,256,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">G. setosus</emphasis>
Sharp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFAED508FF00FAA0FDC1ED1D" blockId="4.[160,1156,1183,1728]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1156,1167,1400]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="1514" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FF00FAA0FEA3EDED" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[192,361,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FF00FAA0FEA3EDED" box="[192,361,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FCE5FAA0FCBAEDED" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[805,880,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FCE5FAA0FCBAEDED" box="[805,880,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FC77FAA0FBE5EDED" box="[951,1071,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Tricholinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FC77FAA0FBE5EDED" box="[951,1071,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Tricholinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FF60FA5DFEDDEDCE" box="[160,279,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Tricholinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FF60FA5DFEDDEDCE" box="[160,279,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Tricholinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FDC2FA5DFD86EDCE" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[514,588,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FDC2FA5DFD86EDCE" box="[514,588,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with densely setose head and/or pronotum can be readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FE3CFA7AFD69EDAB" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[508,675,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FE3CFA7AFD69EDAB" box="[508,675,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FC7AFA7AFBCEEDAB" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[954,1028,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FC7AFA7AFBCEEDAB" box="[954,1028,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(eg 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FBFAFA7AFEFFED95" authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coxalis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FBFAFA7AFF20ED95" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus coxalis</emphasis>
Sharp
</taxonomicName>
) are strikingly similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FD90FA18FD3DED95" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[592,759,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FD90FA18FD3DED95" box="[592,759,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at first glance. However, there are two characters that can readily distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FD4CFA35FCF9EE76" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[652,819,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FD4CFA35FCF9EE76" box="[652,819,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FC5AFA35FC2EEE76" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[922,996,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FC5AFA35FC2EEE76" box="[922,996,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the eyes and the last maxillary palpomere. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FDE1F9D2FDA1EE53" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[545,619,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FDE1F9D2FDA1EE53" box="[545,619,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the eyes are smaller than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FC16F9D2FBB7EE53" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[982,1149,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FC16F9D2FBB7EE53" box="[982,1149,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, about as long as wide, and shifted dorsad (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAED509FD5AF9F0FCC2EE3D" box="[666,776,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,831,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[163,1153,830,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Forebody of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) Glenus coxalis Sharp; (G) G. kraatzi Sharp; (H) G. jelskii Solsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
–Evs F–H). The dorsal position in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FF60F9ADFF20EE1E" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[160,234,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FF60F9ADFF20EE1E" box="[160,234,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be visualised as the outer eye margin pulling away from the lateral margin of the head. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FE95F94AFE36EEFB" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[341,508,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FE95F94AFE36EEFB" box="[341,508,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the last maxillary palpomere (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAED509FCA5F94AFC18EEFB" box="[869,978,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,988,1011]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetId="figure-213@4.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. (A–E) Metacoxal shield (arrow); (F–H) maxillary palpus with apical segment (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. newtoni sp. n.; (G) G. condei Wendeler; (H) G. setosus Sharp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
) is longer than the penultimate palpomere, while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAED509FDA1F968FD61EEA5" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[609,683,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAED509FDA1F968FD61EEA5" box="[609,683,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1513">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the last maxillary palpomere is shorter (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAFD508FF68FB40FEDDECCD" box="[168,279,1167,1192]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,988,1011]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetId="figure-213@4.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. (A–E) Metacoxal shield (arrow); (F–H) maxillary palpus with apical segment (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. newtoni sp. n.; (G) G. condei Wendeler; (H) G. setosus Sharp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758605/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 3H</figureCitation>
) than or in a few cases subequal (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAFD508FD63FB40FCD8ECCD" box="[675,786,1167,1192]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,988,1011]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetId="figure-213@4.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. (A–E) Metacoxal shield (arrow); (F–H) maxillary palpus with apical segment (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. newtoni sp. n.; (G) G. condei Wendeler; (H) G. setosus Sharp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758605/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
) to the penultimate palpomere. In addition to these two consistent characters, many species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FC5FFB7DFC23ECAE" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[927,1001,1202,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FC5FFB7DFC23ECAE" box="[927,1001,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(but not all) have the pronotum longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAFD508FD9BFB1AFD00EC8B" box="[603,714,1237,1262]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,831,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[163,1153,830,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Forebody of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) Glenus coxalis Sharp; (G) G. kraatzi Sharp; (H) G. jelskii Solsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 2H</figureCitation>
) with sinuate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAFD508FCB6FB1AFC2FEC8B" box="[886,997,1237,1262]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,831,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[163,1153,830,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Forebody of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) Glenus coxalis Sharp; (G) G. kraatzi Sharp; (H) G. jelskii Solsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 2H</figureCitation>
) or explanate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAFD508FF68FB38FEEEED75" box="[168,292,1271,1296]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,831,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[163,1153,830,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Forebody of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) Glenus coxalis Sharp; (G) G. kraatzi Sharp; (H) G. jelskii Solsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 2G</figureCitation>
) margins, while the pronotum is always quadrate and convex in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FF61FAD5FE87ED56" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[161,333,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FF61FAD5FE87ED56" box="[161,333,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the margins are never sinuate or explanate (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAFD508FC21FAD5FBBCED56" box="[993,1142,1306,1331]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,226,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,831,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-37@3.[163,1153,830,1644]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Forebody of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) Glenus coxalis Sharp; (G) G. kraatzi Sharp; (H) G. jelskii Solsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758603/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 2A–E</figureCitation>
). Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FF3EFAF2FE83ED33" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1857" box="[254,329,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Glenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FF3EFAF2FE83ED33" box="[254,329,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Glenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have circular or transverse antennal fossa, while all 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FC1AFAF2FB49ED33" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[986,1155,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FC1AFAF2FB49ED33" box="[986,1155,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have transverse antennal fossa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF68665AFFAFD508FF60FC12FCB2EC29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758607/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" startId="5.[160,225,989,1012]" targetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFAFD508FF60FC12FCB2EC29" blockId="5.[160,1155,989,1100]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FF60FC12FF31EB91" bold="true" box="[160,251,989,1012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 4.</emphasis>
(A–E) Terminal abdominal sternites, including porose structure (arrow); (F–G) antenna; (H) basal abdominal tergites with curved lines (arrow). (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FD21FC35FB91EC74" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[737,1115,1018,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FD21FC35FC2DEC74" box="[737,999,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Paraxenopygus tremolerasi</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FF60FBD8FE88EC4B" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,322,1047,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FF60FBD8FE88EC4B" box="[160,322,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">P. maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FE8EFBD8FE44EC4B" bold="true" box="[334,398,1047,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFAFD508FE8EFBD8FE44EC4B" box="[334,398,1047,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FE07FBD8FD02EC4B" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[455,712,1047,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FE07FBD8FD9BEC4B" box="[455,593,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FCC0FBD8FCA7EC4B" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[768,877,1047,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FCC0FBD8FCA7EC4B" box="[768,877,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FCB9FBD8FC73EC4B" bold="true" box="[889,953,1047,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFAFD508FCB9FBD8FC73EC4B" box="[889,953,1047,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FC31FBD8FEC2EC29" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FC31FBD8FB49EC4B" box="[1009,1155,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (F) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FEF2FBFAFE7EEC29" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[306,436,1077,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FEF2FBFAFE7EEC29" box="[306,436,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">P. tremolerasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (G) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FE25FBFAFDB7EC29" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[485,637,1077,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FE25FBFAFDB7EC29" box="[485,637,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">P. maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FD44FBFAFD74EC29" bold="true" box="[644,702,1077,1100]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFAFD508FD44FBFAFD74EC29" box="[644,702,1077,1100]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (H) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FD2EFBFAFCBEEC29" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[750,884,1077,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">P. tremolerasi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30D6559FFAFD505FF60FA7BFEBCED0D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1517" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFAFD508FF60FA7BFEECEDAB" blockId="5.[160,1156,1460,1728]" box="[160,294,1460,1486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FF60FA7BFEECEDAB" bold="true" box="[160,294,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFAFD50BFF60FA18FE3FEC14" blockId="5.[160,1156,1460,1728]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1156,1043,1692]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1515" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">
Habitus as in 
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFAFD508FEFDFA18FE51ED95" box="[317,411,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,227,724,747]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,145,690]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[163,1153,142,692]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of: (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758599/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Figure 1</figureCitation>
. Body medium-sized, forebody 
<quantity id="4CEF9B37FFAFD508FCC6FA18FC47ED95" box="[774,909,1495,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" unit="mm" value="7.3" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="6.1">6.1–8.5 mm</quantity>
, with long bristle-like setae (but not as many as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FE25FA35FD05EE76" authority="Laporte" authorityName="Laporte" box="[485,719,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Haematodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FE25FA35FDA7EE76" box="[485,621,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">Haematodes</emphasis>
Laporte
</taxonomicName>
). Head transverse with anterior margin of head shorter than posterior margin (except in some specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFAFD508FC5CF9D2FBF2EE53" authorityName="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityYear="1927" box="[924,1080,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFAFD508FC5CF9D2FBF2EE53" box="[924,1080,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1514">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); head of males typically larger than that of females (see Discussion); head shorter than pronotum. Eyes small (less than 1/2 length of head). Postclypeus, in comparison to frons, not deflexed; anterior margin convex. Middle of epicranium with continuous punctures. Postmandibular ridge present laterally; without punctures demarcating raised postmandibular ridge. Gular sutures not joined before neck, extended close to each other at base of head capsule. Nuchal ridge complete dorsally. Neck disk with dense, moderately coarse to fine punctures.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF68665AFFACD50BFF60FCA6FC7CEBBD" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" startId="6.[160,225,873,896]" targetBox="[164,1151,143,840]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFACD50BFF60FCA6FC7CEBBD" blockId="6.[160,1156,873,984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFF60FCA6FF33EBE5" bold="true" box="[160,249,873,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">Figure 5.</emphasis>
(A, C, D, F, G, I, J, L, M, O) Aedeagus in ventral (A, D, G, J, M) and lateral view (C, F, I, L, O); (B, E, H, K, N) apex of paramere, ventral view. (A–C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFACD50BFD73FC48FBF7EBFB" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[691,1085,903,926]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFD73FC48FC0EEBFB" box="[691,964,903,926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">Paraxenopygus tremolerasi</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (D–F) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFACD50BFF60FC6BFEF0EBDE" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,314,932,955]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFF60FC6BFEF0EBDE" box="[160,314,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">P. maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFE83FC6BFEB5EBDE" bold="true" box="[323,383,932,955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFACD50BFE83FC6BFEB5EBDE" box="[323,383,932,955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (G–I) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFACD50BFE04FC6BFD7DEBDE" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[452,695,932,955]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFE04FC6BFD8CEBDE" box="[452,582,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; (J–L) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFACD50BFD39FC6BFCAAEBDE" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[761,864,932,955]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFD39FC6BFCAAEBDE" box="[761,864,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFCA9FC6BFC6FEBDE" bold="true" box="[873,933,932,955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFACD50BFCA9FC6BFC6FEBDE" box="[873,933,932,955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (M–O) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFACD50BFC38FC6BFE8EEBBD" authority="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityName="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFC38FC6BFB4EEBDE" box="[1016,1156,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
Bernhauer. Scale
</taxonomicName>
bars = 
<quantity id="4CEF9B37FFACD50BFE52FC0EFE06EBBD" box="[402,460,961,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
(A, C, D, F, G, I, J, L, M, O); 
<quantity id="4CEF9B37FFACD50BFD1BFC0EFCEDEBBD" box="[731,807,961,984]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
(B, E, H, K, N).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFACD50BFF00FBB4FF36ED01" blockId="6.[160,1156,1043,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">
Antennae (
<figureCitation id="132C2A57FFACD50BFEFDFBB4FE0EECF1" box="[317,452,1147,1172]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,989,1012]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,143,955]" captionTargetId="figure-189@5.[163,1153,142,957]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. (A–E) Terminal abdominal sternites, including porose structure (arrow); (F–G) antenna; (H) basal abdominal tergites with curved lines (arrow). (A) Paraxenopygus tremolerasi Bernhauer; (B) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (C) P. peruvianus Bernhauer; (D) P. newtoni sp. n.; (E) P. opacipennis Bernhauer; (F) P. tremolerasi; (G) P. maurocyanos sp. n.; (H) P. tremolerasi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">Figure 4F–G</figureCitation>
) with antennomere 1 equal or slightly wider than 2; antennomere 3 2.5 times as long as wide or less; antennomere 4 without tomentose pubescence; antennomere 5 with tomentose pubescence present (except 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFACD50BFCADFB0FFBCFECBC" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[877,1029,1216,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFCADFB0FFBCFECBC" box="[877,1029,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">P. tremolerasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); antennomeres 4–10 cylindrical in shape; antennomeres 5–10 without club; antennomeres 1–3 longer than wide; antennomere 4 subquadrate to transverse; antennomeres 5–10 symmetrical, transverse and slightly compressed; antennomere 
<quantity id="4CEF9B37FFACD50BFC90FAE7FC40ED24" box="[848,906,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
males slightly longer than 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFACD50BFF00FAA2FB81EEF9" blockId="6.[160,1156,1043,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">
Mouthparts with labrum having broadly U-shaped emargination, lobes strongly separated. Mandibles with relative length typical (ie closed mandible not extending beyond lateral margin of head); without asymmetrical torsion. Mandibles in dorsal view straight and narrow (but see description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFACD50BFD84FA1AFD11ED8B" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[580,731,1493,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFACD50BFD84FA1AFD11ED8B" box="[580,731,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1515">P. tremolerasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below); in lateral view slightly bent downwards anteriorly; left mandible and right mandible with one tooth. Maxilla with galea subequal to palpus; maxillary palpus with palpomere 3 shorter than 2; palpomere 4 longer than 3; palpomere 4 not dilated. Labial palpus with palpomere 3 widest before apex; palpomere 3 without long dense setae on entire lateral sides. Ligula small, entire. Mentum with alpha seta present; hypostomal cavity present; moderately delimited.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF68665AFFADD50AFF60FB15FEF4ED4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758610/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" startId="7.[160,225,1242,1265]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1210]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFADD50AFF60FB15FEF4ED4E" blockId="7.[160,1156,1242,1323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFF60FB15FF30EC94" bold="true" box="[160,250,1242,1265]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFADD50AFE09FB15FD03EC94" authority="Bernhauer" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[457,713,1242,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFE09FB15FD90EC94" box="[457,602,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
Bernhauer
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFADD50AFD12FB15FC9EEC94" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[722,852,1242,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFD12FB15FC9EEC94" box="[722,852,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">P. tremolerasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black circles), 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFADD50AFC2BFB15FB49EC94" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[1003,1155,1242,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurocyanos" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFC2BFB15FB49EC94" box="[1003,1155,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">P. maurocyanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFF60FB38FF11ED6B" bold="true" box="[160,219,1271,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFADD50AFF60FB38FF11ED6B" box="[160,219,1271,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(white star), 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFADD50AFEA3FB38FE2EED6B" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1915" box="[355,484,1271,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFEA3FB38FE2EED6B" box="[355,484,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black squares), 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFADD50AFD4FFB38FD3FED6B" authorityName="Chatzimanolis &amp; Brunke &amp; Navarrete-Heredia" authorityYear="2024" box="[655,757,1271,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFD4FFB38FD3FED6B" box="[655,757,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">P. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFD3EFB38FCF3ED6B" bold="true" box="[766,825,1271,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BBFFADD50AFD3EFB38FCF3ED6B" box="[766,825,1271,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(white circle) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFADD50AFC38FB38FB4EED6B" authorityName="Bernhauer. Scale" authorityYear="1927" box="[1016,1156,1271,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFADD50AFC38FB38FB4EED6B" box="[1016,1156,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">P. opacipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white squares).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFADD505FF00FA89FEE5E888" blockId="7.[160,1156,1350,1722]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1157,142,1103]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1517" pageId="7" pageNumber="1516">Pronotum quadrate, with lateral margins in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint rounded; anterior angles in dorsal view not strongly acuminate and produced laterad. Pronotum near anterolateral angles without raised impunctate spots; anterolateral corners with punctation; disc of pronotum with punctation beyond midlength; punctation pattern varying from loose rows on either side of impunctate midline to irregularly punctate on either side of impunctate midline; with sparse micropunctures and transverse lines of microsculpture; without coarse punctures impressed in flange at posterior angle of pronotum. Hypomeron with superior marginal line continuous to anterior margin; inferior marginal line of hypomeron continued as separate entity beyond anterior pronotal angles and curving around them. Superior and inferior marginal lines produced as anterolateral angles parallel to one another. Postcoxal process absent. Basisternum slightly longer than furcasternum; basisternum with pair of macrosetae, situated far from anterior margin of prosternum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA2D505FF00FF39FDF2E912" blockId="8.[160,1157,142,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">Elytra not reduced; hindwings present. Elytra setae not reduced, easily seen at low magnification; without patches of white setae. Elytra with contiguous polygon-shaped meshed microsculpture but density varies among different species. Mesoscutellum with dense cluster of punctures medially.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA2D505FF00FE4EFE2DEAB7" blockId="8.[160,1157,142,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">Legs with tarsi 5-5-5; prefemora without lateroventral apical spines; protarsi with modified pale (tenent) setae ventrally; protibia with long series of spurs laterally and with small apical ctenidium; protarsi with tarsomeres 1–4 dorsoventrally flattened. Mesocoxae strongly separated, intercoxal area on approximately same plane as both meso and metaventrital processes. Mesotarsi without tenent setae. Metacoxae with coxal shield, coxal shield varies among species. Metatibia with thick and long apical spurs (spurs longer than 3/4 legth of tarsomere 1); with spines. Meso/metatarsi without asymmetrically lobed tarsomeres 1–4; tarsomeres 3–5 of metatarsi with dorsal surface of tarsomeres glabrous along midline. Pretarsal claws with empodial setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA2D505FF00FD13FB8AEC2A" blockId="8.[160,1157,142,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">
Abdomen with lateral sides in dorsal view more or less parallel-sided; protergal glands with well-developed acetabula. Anterior basal transverse carina on tergites 3 and 4 without pair of accessory ridges; tergite 3 without posterior basal transverse carina; tergites 3–4 with curved carina (arch-like) on some species; centre of tergite 5 with punctation; posterior half of tergite 
<quantity id="4CEF9B37FFA2D505FD5BFCA9FD01EB1A" box="[667,715,870,895]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
lateral view not appearing bulging. Sternite 3 with straight to arcuate basal transverse carina medially; basal transverse carina laterally not sinuate. Sternite 4 without basal transverse carina medially. Sternite 5 with dense, meshed microsculpture anterolaterally, appearing different in texture to posterior portion. Males with porose structure on sternite 7 and medial emargination on sternite 8. Aedeagus with long median lobe and single paramere; paramere with sensory peg setae; endophallus prominent. Spermatheca not sclerotised.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA2D505FF60FBB1FF33ECFD" blockId="8.[160,1155,1150,1384]" box="[160,249,1150,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA2D505FF60FBB1FF33ECFD" bold="true" box="[160,249,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">Habitat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836D2FFA2D505FF60FB6DFEBCED0D" blockId="8.[160,1155,1150,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA2D505FF60FB6DFE8CECDE" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[160,326,1186,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA2D505FF60FB6DFE8CECDE" box="[160,326,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives in low- to mid-elevation tropical rainforests in the refuse piles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA2D505FF60FB0BFEAAECB8" box="[160,352,1220,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA2D505FF60FB0BFEE2ECB8" box="[160,296,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">Acromyrmex</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and it is thought to be an obligate associate of these ants (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B23FFA2D505FBCCFB0BFEFEED65" author="Navarrete-Heredia JL" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517" pagination="381 - 429" refId="ref10160" refString="Navarrete-Heredia JL. 2001. Beetles associated with Atta and Acromyrmex ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini). Trans Am Entomol Soc. 127 (3): 381 - 429." type="journal article" year="2001">Navarrete-Heredia 2001</bibRefCitation>
; and specimen records listed below). There are specimen records indicating that some species may be associated with 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA2D505FD49FAC5FD25ED46" box="[649,751,1290,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA2D505FD49FAC5FD7DED46" box="[649,695,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">Atta</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
as well, but whether the ants were misidentified or 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D51FFA2D505FE9BFAE3FDCBED20" authorityName="Bernhauer" authorityYear="1911" box="[347,513,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Paraxenopygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EAC0FFA2D505FE9BFAE3FDCBED20" box="[347,513,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1517">Paraxenopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indeed associated with two different genera of Attini ants is still unclear.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>