597 lines
87 KiB
XML
597 lines
87 KiB
XML
<document id="C77CC9851AF0FCD174A538B7A7F19901" ID-CLB-Dataset="21207" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994811" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598027921682" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03BE87C2D1635C6563A2FA2BFC67FC6C" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Thalamoporella karesansui Dick & Grischenko 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="FF87FFBAD16C5C716215FFFAFF85FFE8" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1698845144665" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="5D3A56311AB2D7EB7EBFBC51C2693AA5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="902EA41E115821AF03B079B468BD9EF8">
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<mods:title id="6DC8D76718DCBAA410F71A5EF47D3609">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2D42779F5019E117263391E825A682EF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="17D0BD68108B1EEE3E82B0C96EA04033">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE5F9152C479AF12D6FA6C3D7A0009D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="68E0083FA1AEB574E4F8E9AA15E04710">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A26CAFD8360035119A220630ADAF6255">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A4D20BC644640773E74EC537E0CCFA33" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0D4F3AC3EA483992EAB0CB2791509A11">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7383D8B4665C1A1DD907CBABFBCEB5FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="12E5D9592327F5827C9E9D1C060018E4">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="36474552D8FDF442185D7502F799B12A">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Aquatic Ecology, Biological Faculty, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AC2D7977B42AD06B5853ABB63DB5AB24">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FBA717962C60BC6114A07ABE0127E3EA">
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<mods:title id="BB328C36DB907C26FBCA2EF5CEE1F04F">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="95E3D8FE5181AAB7B422B9028851E05C">
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<mods:date id="70198C1750590641F27DCAB6342717C1">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="534B490DE962D270EB1DC88EB286B500" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8F5E75BF41AC5BBEE8F9B864812D8277">2016-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="601BCAB50EC3C181D2CC195AAB170E0D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C6D4B722638125B00487176DA340A5C8">51</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="7F908F0B8E6971C94F27B74B4791CBC0" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="D8290863DC14B8518406C9492E2BD00E">141</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B74BA2090995DAD9AC17ACA7AC88A3BF">266</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="50402E0613E88484EEBE2E79BD33A3EB">
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<mods:url id="D7E6DE6CDACBB975372119DF06031072">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0E49E2BEBE93339FDA27616AC6271E03">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="97C0D9B8F9E785E3DA8923CC606B1769" type="CLB-Dataset">21207</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF7E19E5F9648677EBA130408B7CCE47" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="349E0B979CDB50B2FB1F567A1A882DBC" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D3A62211900B87EC3814710B4D85D19A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3994811</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BE87C2D1635C6563A2FA2BFC67FC6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4333631" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167288379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4333631" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1635C6563A2FA2BFC67FC6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87C2D1635C6563A2FA2BFC67FC6C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1635C7E63A2FA2BFCE8FA02" box="[439,877,1489,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1635C7E63A2FA2BFCE8FA02" blockId="15.[439,877,1489,1548]" box="[439,877,1489,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D1635C7E63A2FA2BFCE8FA02" box="[439,877,1489,1514]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1635C7E63A2FA2BFC83FA02" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[439,774,1489,1514]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="karesansui" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1635C7E63A2FA2BFC83FA02" bold="true" box="[439,774,1489,1514]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" reason="3">Thalamoporella karesansui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1635C7E6105FA2BFCE8FA02" box="[784,877,1489,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1635C7E6029FA09FD62F9E4" box="[572,743,1523,1548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1635C7E6029FA09FD62F9E4" blockId="15.[439,877,1489,1548]" box="[572,743,1523,1548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">
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||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1635C7E6029FA09FD62F9E4" box="[572,743,1523,1548]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" reason="2">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1635C7E6051FA09FD22F9E4" box="[580,679,1523,1548]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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(a
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1635C7E60AEFA09FD4CF9E4" box="[699,713,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">–</emphasis>
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e))
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1635C7E62B5F9C7FF7AF957" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1635C7E62B5F9C7FE98F9BF" blockId="15.[160,1156,1597,1727]" box="[160,285,1597,1623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">
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||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1635C7E62B5F9C7FE98F9BF" box="[160,285,1597,1623]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" reason="5">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1635C7E62B5F9C7FE98F9BF" bold="true" box="[160,285,1597,1623]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1635C7E62B5F998FF7AF957" blockId="15.[160,1156,1597,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">
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The specific name is a noun in apposition (Japanese
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1635C7E613FF998FC5EF992" authority=": Zen" authorityName="Zen" box="[810,987,1634,1658]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="karesansui">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1635C7E613FF998FC18F992" box="[810,925,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="156">karesansui</emphasis>
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: Zen
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</taxonomicName>
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rock garden), referring to the raked-sand appearance of the granulated floor of the avicularian rostrum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17C5C6162B5FF77FECCFEDA" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17C5C6162B5FF77FE05FF4F" blockId="16.[160,1156,141,306]" box="[160,384,141,167]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D17C5C6162B5FF77FE05FF4F" box="[160,384,141,167]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C6162B5FF77FE05FF4F" bold="true" box="[160,384,141,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17C5C6162B5FF48FECCFEDA" blockId="16.[160,1156,141,306]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D17C5C6162B5FF48FCCCFF22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793325" box="[160,841,178,202]" collectionCode="SES" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" specimenCode="SES-43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17C5C6162B5FF48FE8CFF22" box="[160,265,178,202]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
: NSMT-Te 1060 (
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<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD17C5C6163C4FF48FDA6FF22" box="[465,547,178,202]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="Herbarium">SES-43</specimenCode>
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), bleached, on SEM stub
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D17C5C61614DFF48FF6AFEE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793320" collectionCode="SES" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17C5C61614DFF48FC4DFF22" box="[856,968,178,202]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: NSMT-Te 1061, dried specimen,
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<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D17C5C61637CFF2EFE15FF04" box="[361,400,212,236]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site; NSMT-Te 1062, seven dried specimens,
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<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D17C5C6161AFFF2EFC64FF04" box="[954,993,212,236]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site;
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<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD17C5C61663EFF2EFF6AFEE7" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.5</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D17C5C6162E4FF0DFCE7FEE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793322" box="[241,866,247,271]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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13.7, SES-Thal1, bleached, on SEM stub;
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<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD17C5C6160A0FF0DFCE7FEE7" box="[693,866,247,271]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.5</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.13.8
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616186FF0DFC25FEE7" box="[915,928,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
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11, four dried specimens,
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<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D17C5C6162FEFEE0FE97FEDA" box="[235,274,282,306]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17C5C6162B5FE88FF56F94B" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17C5C6162B5FE88FEC8FE64" blockId="16.[160,1156,370,604]" box="[160,333,370,396]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D17C5C6162B5FE88FEC8FE64" box="[160,333,370,396]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" reason="5">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C6162B5FE88FEC8FE64" bold="true" box="[160,333,370,396]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17C5C6162B5FE6DFBCAFDB4" blockId="16.[160,1156,370,604]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
AzL, 0.63
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616310FE6CFE97FE46" box="[261,274,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.80 (0.702 ± 0.051); AzW, 0.38
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616078FE6CFDFFFE46" box="[621,634,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
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||
0.46 (0.423 ± 0.025) (n = 20, 1). OrL, 0.16
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616652FE6CFBD1FE46" box="[1095,1108,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.21 (0.188 ± 0.012); OrW, 0.18
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C6163D7FE43FE4AFE39" box="[450,463,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
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||
0.22 (0.200 ± 0.012) (n = 20, 1). OvL, 0.47; OvW, 0.60 (average values, n = 2). AvL, 0.74
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C6163B9FE26FE3CFE1C" box="[428,441,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.86 (0.795 ± 0.040); AvW, 0.25
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616100FE26FCA7FE1C" box="[789,802,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
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||
0.34 (0.278 ± 0.025) (n = 15, 1). Calliper H,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C61630CFE05FED0FDFF" box="[281,341,511,535]" degrees="0.024" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="0.024">0.024</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C616340FE04FE1AFDFF" box="[341,415,510,535]" degrees="0.030" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="-0.03">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616340FE04FEE7FDFE" box="[341,354,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.030
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
(0.026 ± 0.003); calliper W,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C6160C7FE05FC8BFDFF" box="[722,782,511,535]" degrees="0.046" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="0.046">0.046</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C61611AFE04FCDDFDFF" box="[783,856,510,535]" degrees="0.054" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="-0.054">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C61611AFE04FC99FDFE" box="[783,796,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.054
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
(0.049 ± 0.003); calliper H/ W ratio, 0.44
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616326FDDBFEC5FDD1" box="[307,320,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.65 (0.547 ± 0.081) (n = 7, 1). Compass lengths in several discrete size ranges:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C6162ECFDBEFEB0FDB4" box="[249,309,580,604]" degrees="0.069" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="0.069">0.069</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C616323FDBEFEFAFDB4" box="[310,383,580,604]" degrees="0.094" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="-0.094">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616323FDBEFEC6FDB4" box="[310,323,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.094
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(n = 5);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C6163F1FDBEFDA5FDB4" box="[484,544,580,604]" degrees="0.144" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="0.144">0.144</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C616035FDBEFDECFDB4" box="[544,617,580,604]" degrees="0.163" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="-0.163">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C616035FDBEFDA8FDB4" box="[544,557,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.163
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(n = 4);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C6160DBFDBEFC8FFDB4" box="[718,778,580,604]" degrees="0.193" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="0.193">0.193</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17C5C61611FFDBEFCD6FDB4" box="[778,851,580,604]" degrees="0.209" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="-0.209">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C61611FFDBEFC92FDB4" box="[778,791,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.209
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(n = 3); 0.364 (n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17C5C6162B5FD66FEA3FD5E" blockId="16.[160,1156,668,1699]" box="[160,294,668,694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17C5C6162B5FD66FEA3FD5E" box="[160,294,668,694]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C6162B5FD66FEA3FD5E" bold="true" box="[160,294,668,694]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17C5C6162B5FD3BFF56F94B" blockId="16.[160,1156,668,1699]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; irregular in outline, up to several centimetres in extent; tightly adhering to substratum; dried specimens pale yellowish-tan. Zooids distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17C5C61634DFCFCFE32FCF6" box="[344,439,774,798]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)). Cryptocyst finely granulated; area proximal to opesiules flat and perforated with 20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C6163C8FCD2FE6FFCA8" box="[477,490,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
40 small, circular, evenly spaced, often occluded pseudopores. Mural rim narrow, beaded, raised around entire margin of cryptocyst proximal to orifice. Opesiules large; oval or irregular; one often larger than other; zone between opesiules somewhat sunken. Basal insertions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17C5C6160A6FC6BFC97FC41" box="[691,786,913,937]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) usually paired, but asymmetrical, of different shape and size between the two sides, consisting of two hooks, or one hook and one bar; usually closed distally by looping back to reconnect with lateral wall. Orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17C5C6162EDFC03FED2FBF9" box="[248,343,1017,1041]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)) usually broader than long, with broad sinus between bracket-like hinge articulations; proximal margin of sinus straight or slightly convex; orifice broadly D-shaped distal to articulations. Avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17C5C61608CFBC4FD7FFBBE" box="[665,762,1086,1110]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)) fairly common, longer than autozooids (ratio of average AvL to average ZL, 1.14; ratio of AvL to length of sibling zooid, 0.95
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C61630FFB79FEA2FB73" box="[282,295,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.26, average 1.12); cryptocyst broad, flat, entirely granulated. Rostral opening narrow, elongate, occupying more than half the total length of avicularium. Mandibular articulations conspicuous, sharp, bracket-like, at proximal edge of broad, smooth, nearly semicircular, medially directed flange on each side. Mandibular part of rostrum spatulate distal to flanges; sides parallel or tapering proximomedially towards flanges; rounded-truncate distally; floor below mandible wide, flat, evenly granulated. Mandible (not shown) narrow in region between central flanges, spatulate distally; margin thin, smooth, lacking denticles. Avicularium-associated torsion mild and variable; many avicularium-sibling pairs show no torsion, but some appear to show slight torsion of avicularium, sibling zooid, or both; adjacent zooids not torqued. Spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17C5C616614FA41FBDAFA3B" box="[1025,1119,1467,1491]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) include small C-shaped callipers rather uniform in size, and several sizes of slightly angled compasses (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17C5C6163D1F9FBFDE4F9F1" box="[452,609,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
). Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17C5C6160F4F9FBFCC3F9F1" box="[737,838,1537,1561]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) hyperstomial; ooecium bivalved, broader than long, smooth, with median suture; distal arch of opening rounded or acute. Zooids interconnect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17C5C616065F9BCFD4AF9B6" box="[624,719,1606,1630]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 4. (a–e) Thalamoporella karesansui sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1060 (holotype), autozooids, vicarious avicularium and ovicelled zooids; (b) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), vicarious avicularia and surrounding autozooids; (c) SES-specimen A, basal surface of dried colony, showing basal insertions; (d) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), spicules removed by bleaching, including small C-shaped callipers and medium-sized, slightly angled compasses; asterisks mark sponge spicules; (e) NHMUK 2016.5.13.7 (paratype), interzooidal connections; (f) Thalamoporella stapifera (Levinsen), NSMT-Te 1055, interzooidal connections. a, b, e, f, scanning electron microscopic images of bleached material; c, d, photomicrographs. Scale bars: a, c = 500 µm; b = 250 µm; d = 100 µm; e, f = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994819/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) via group of uniporous septula in central third of distal wall and one elliptical multiporous septulum in each distolateral wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17D5C6362B5FF77FD4EFCB3" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17D5C6062B5FF77FE83FF4F" blockId="17.[160,1156,141,1727]" box="[160,262,141,167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17D5C6062B5FF77FE83FF4F" box="[160,262,141,167]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6062B5FF77FE83FF4F" bold="true" box="[160,262,141,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17D5C6062B5FF48FE7FFD3A" blockId="17.[160,1156,141,1727]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
This species is allied with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6063F0FF48FC30FF22" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[485,949,178,202]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6063F0FF48FD7DFF22" box="[485,760,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Thalamoporella tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C606110FF48FC30FF22" author="Levinsen GMR" box="[773,949,178,202]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" refId="ref63579" refString="Levinsen GMR. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the basis of having large zooid size (average ZL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D17D5C606045FF2EFD3CFF04" box="[592,697,212,236]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
); the orifice with a rather deep, widely arcuate margin proximal to the opercular articulations; torsion weak or lacking in avicularia, sibling and adjacent zooids; spatulate avicularia not greatly shorter or longer than autozooids; and spicules in the form of small, C-shaped callipers and compasses of varying length. After describing variation in nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6061B0FEA5FB93FE9F" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[933,1046,351,375]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6061B0FEA5FB93FE9F" box="[933,1046,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
throughout its range,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C60632AFE78FD80FE72" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[319,517,386,410]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 61) noted,
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6060BFFE7BFD35FE71" box="[682,688,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">‘</emphasis>
|
||
There are some subtle differences within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6062C1FE5EFEAEFE54" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[212,299,420,444]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6062C1FE5EFEAEFE54" box="[212,299,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex which could lead to separation of this species into distinct populations, if not separate taxa, as for example the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17D5C606139FE3DFC76FE37" box="[812,1011,455,479]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C60666DFE3DFBFBFE37" box="[1144,1150,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">’</emphasis>
|
||
, and again (p. 64),
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606362FE13FEF8FDE9" box="[375,381,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">‘</emphasis>
|
||
It seems probable that this widespread and very common species may in fact consist of several closely related taxa
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606119FDF6FC97FDCC" box="[780,786,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">’</emphasis>
|
||
. Unfortunately, proceeding as though variation across the distributional range of nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606175FDD5FC51FDAF" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[864,980,559,583]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606175FDD5FC51FDAF" box="[864,980,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were intraspecific rather than at least in part interspecific,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C606088FDA8FCECFD82" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[669,873,594,618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented some distinct measurements for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17D5C6063A0FD8EFD9BFD64" box="[437,542,628,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but otherwise gave ranges of measurements and average values across all populations, which makes comparisons among the populations they treated impossible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17D5C6062D5FD26FCC0FB14" blockId="17.[160,1156,141,1727]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6063A8FD26FD21FD1C" authority="Levinsen" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[445,676,732,756]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6063A8FD26FDB6FD1C" box="[445,563,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
Levinsen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17D5C6060C7FD26FC3FFD1C" box="[722,954,732,756]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C6061D9FD26FB01FD1C" author="Levinsen GMR" box="[972,1156,732,756]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" refId="ref63579" refString="Levinsen GMR. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated the range of zooid length as
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D17D5C606064FD05FC90FCFF" box="[625,789,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="0.63" valueMax="0.73" valueMin="0.53">
|
||
0.53
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C60608AFD05FD29FCFF" box="[671,684,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.73 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, somewhat smaller than in our material; in the type material, the avicularian rostrum is vase- or lyre-shaped, with very little granulation on the rostral floor beneath the mandible (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C60615BFCBEFC74FCB4" author="Levinsen GMR" box="[846,1009,836,860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" refId="ref63579" refString="Levinsen GMR. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 4a, fig. 2 (a); see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C606325FC9DFE77FC97" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[304,498,871,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 86).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C60604AFC9DFCADFC97" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[607,808,871,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 61) noted that zooids and avicularia in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17D5C60634AFC70FE46FC4A" box="[351,451,906,930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are the smallest among all populations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C60618EFC73FC25FC49" box="[923,928,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">‘</emphasis>
|
||
On the basis of size alone, the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606368FC56FE6AFC2C" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[381,495,940,964]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606368FC56FE6AFC2C" box="[381,495,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies entirely outside the range of any of the specimens
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C60666BFC56FB01FC2C" box="[1150,1156,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">’</emphasis>
|
||
(from numerous populations across the distributional range of the nominal species). The AvL/ZL ratio in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17D5C606395FC08FE61FBE2" box="[384,484,1010,1034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606018FC08FDFBFBE2" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[525,638,1010,1034]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606018FC08FDFBFBE2" box="[525,638,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 1.00, while the range across all nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606664FC08FF70FBC4" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606664FC08FF70FBC4" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations is 0.85
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6063C7FBEEFE5AFBC4" box="[466,479,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.18, with an overall average of 1.01 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C606192FBEEFBC0FBC4" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[903,1093,1044,1068]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ratio in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6062EDFBCDFE00FBA7" box="[248,389,1079,1103]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="karesansui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6062EDFBCDFE00FBA7" box="[248,389,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. karesansui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.12
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6063D7FBCDFE4AFBA7" box="[450,463,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.14) is larger than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17D5C6060E6FBCDFCD2FBA7" box="[755,855,1079,1103]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606168FBCDFC69FBA7" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[893,1004,1079,1103]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606168FBCDFC69FBA7" box="[893,1004,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and close to the high end of the range across all nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6060B4FBA0FC95FB9A" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[673,784,1114,1138]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6060B4FBA0FC95FB9A" box="[673,784,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C606650FBA0FEB6FB7C" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, species or populations in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6060A2FB86FCA9FB7C" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[695,812,1148,1172]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6060A2FB86FCA9FB7C" box="[695,812,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex usually have basal insertions in the form of two widely open hooks. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606105FB65FC24FB5F" box="[784,929,1183,1207]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="karesansui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606105FB65FC24FB5F" box="[784,929,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. karesansui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some zooids have open hooks (or a hook and a bar), but most zooids have each insertion closed distally by a lateral extension that loops back to meet the lateral wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17D5C6062D5FAFDFD2EFA42" blockId="17.[160,1156,141,1727]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
If the Okinawa specimens and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17D5C60607DFAFDFD1FFAF7" box="[616,666,1287,1311]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C60612EFAFDFC2AFAF7" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[827,943,1287,1311]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C60612EFAFDFC2AFAF7" box="[827,943,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17D5C6061EBFAFDFF6AFAAA" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
were the only material available from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C6060F3FAD0FCD2FAAA" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[742,855,1322,1346]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6060F3FAD0FCD2FAAA" box="[742,855,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, there would be no hesitation in describing the Okinawa population as a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606664FAB6FF70FA6F" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606664FAB6FF70FA6F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this is the approach we have taken. The status of other populations will have to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17D5C6362D5FA4EFE6AFE71" blockId="17.[160,1156,141,1727]" lastBlockId="18.[160,1156,142,409]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Several other Indo-West Pacific species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C6060B0FA4EFCF3FA24" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[677,886,1460,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have large, spatulate avicularia like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C606350FA2DFE50FA07" box="[325,469,1495,1519]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="karesansui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606350FA2DFE50FA07" box="[325,469,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">T. karesansui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differ in colony form, zooid size, avicularium size and shape, degree of torquing, form of the basal insertions or other characters; here we will mention two additional encrusting species as an example of the sorts of differences involved.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17D5C60631BF9C5FD5BF9BF" authority="Levinsen, 1909" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[270,734,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="granulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C60631BF9C5FDA8F9BF" box="[270,557,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Thalamoporella granulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C606023F9C5FD5BF9BF" author="Levinsen GMR" box="[566,734,1599,1623]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" refId="ref63579" refString="Levinsen GMR. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen: Nationale Forfatteres Forlag." type="book" year="1909">Levinsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD17D5C6060F3F9C5FCDFF9BF" box="[742,858,1599,1623]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has the avicularia considerably longer than zooids (AvL/ZL, 1.19
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C606070F99BFDF7F991" box="[613,626,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.34) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17D5C6060ACF998FCF9F992" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[697,892,1634,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); both the avicularium and sibling zooid are strongly torqued; opesiule insertions are paired open hooks, or one hook and a bar; and strongly bent (120°) compasses are present.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17D5C6361C3F95DFE8EFF4E" italics="true" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Thalamoporalla
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C6362B5FF74FE8EFF4E" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[160,267,142,166]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="granulata">granulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(sensu lato) is distributed from Lombok,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17E5C6360ECFF74FCE3FF4E" box="[761,870,142,166]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
eastward to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17E5C636613FF74FBC9FF4E" box="[1030,1100,142,166]" name="Tonga" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
and ranges in latitude from the equator to about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17E5C63608AFF4BFD56FF21" box="[671,723,177,201]" degrees="20" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" precision="55555" value="-20.0">20°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, with some questionable records from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17E5C6362D8FF2EFECDFF04" box="[205,328,212,236]" name="Philippines" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17E5C636394FF2EFE54FF04" box="[385,465,212,236]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C6363CBFF2EFD1EFF04" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[478,667,212,236]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C6360A5FF2EFBFBFF04" authority="Soule et al., 1992" authorityName="Soule" authorityYear="1992" box="[688,1150,212,236]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6360A5FF2EFC33FF04" box="[688,950,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Thalamoporella sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C6361ABFF2EFBFBFF04" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[958,1150,212,236]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref65368" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1992. The genus Thalamoporella worldwide (Bryozoa, Anasca). Morphology, evolution and speciation. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 1: 1 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1992">Soule et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has smaller zooids (average ZL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D17E5C63601FFF0CFDEBFEE6" box="[522,622,246,270]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and proportionally longer avicularia (the AvL/ ZL ratio reaches 1.25); the avicularium is straight, but both the sibling and adjacent nonsibling zooids are torqued; and the avicularian mandible has unique chitinous teeth on the margin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C636322FEA4FDC1FE9E" box="[311,580,350,374]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C636322FEA4FDC1FE9E" box="[311,580,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Thalamoporella sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported as far north as the Korean Peninsula (~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17E5C63633DFE7BFEE7FE71" box="[296,354,385,409]" degrees="33" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" precision="55555" value="33.0">33°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C636362FE7BFE67FE71" author="Seo JE" box="[375,482,385,409]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" refId="ref65093" refString="Seo JE. 2005. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea. Vol. 40. Bryozoa: Seoul: Daehon Printing & Publishing. Korean." type="book" year="2005">Seo 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FE3DFEA1FE09" blockId="18.[160,1156,455,619]" box="[160,292,455,481]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17E5C6362B5FE3DFEA1FE09" box="[160,292,455,481]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6362B5FE3DFEA1FE09" bold="true" box="[160,292,455,481]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FE11FCF2FD83" blockId="18.[160,1156,455,619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
This species, presently known only from Okinawa, was abundant at SES and uncommon at REEF (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C695036FD17E5C63631EFDF4FEE7FDCE" box="[267,354,526,550]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Relative abundance, local occurrence and status in Japan for rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoan species detected in west-central Okinawa, Japan." pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C63636EFDF4FD02FDCE" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[379,647,526,550]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Thalamoporellidae" genus="Thalamoporella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tubifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C63636EFDF4FD02FDCE" box="[379,647,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Thalamoporella tubifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu lato) has a broad
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD17E5C6361ABFDF4FB06FDCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1635C6563A2FA2BFC67FC6C:8EC8600FD17E5C6361ABFDF4FB06FDCE" box="[958,1155,525,550]" country="French Polynesia" latitude="22.0" municipality="Indian Ocean" name="Indo-West Pacific" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Indo-West Pacific</location>
|
||
distribution, ranging from the Maldive Islands in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACAED17E5C636110FDCAFC19FDA0" box="[773,924,560,584]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Indian Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
eastward to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17E5C636622FDCAFE89FD83" name="French Polynesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and as far north as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D17E5C6363ECFDA9FDCCFD83" box="[505,585,595,619]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D17E5C636042FDA9FD15FD83" box="[599,656,595,619]" degrees="22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" precision="55555" value="22.0">22°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C636089FDA9FCEEFD83" author="Gluhak T & Lewis JE & Popijac A" box="[668,875,595,619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="397 - 426" refId="ref61630" refString="Gluhak T, Lewis JE, Popijac A. 2007. Bryozoan fauna of Green Island, Taiwan: first indications of biodiversity. Zool Stud. 46: 397 - 426." type="journal article" year="2007">Gluhak et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C63639DFD6FFCFAFD1B" blockId="18.[379,955,661,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C6363EBFD6FFC8FFD46" authorityName="d Hondt" authorityYear="1985" box="[510,778,661,686]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Neocheilostomina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6363EBFD6FFC8FFD46" bold="true" box="[510,778,661,686]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">NEOCHEILOSTOMINA</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C636137FD6FFCADFD46" box="[802,808,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">’</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C63613DFD6FFC3EFD46" author="Hondt J-L" box="[808,955,661,686]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref61183" refString="d ' Hondt J-L. 1985. Contribution a la systematique des Bryozoaires Eurystomes. Rapports recents et nouvelles propositions. Anal Sci Nat Zool Biol Anim. 7: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1985">Hondt, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C636005FD4DFC2DFD38" authority="Norman, 1903 a" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[528,936,695,720]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Calloporoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C636005FD4DFD6FFD38" bold="true" box="[528,746,695,720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">CALLOPOROIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C6360E6FD4DFC2DFD38" author="Norman CAM" box="[755,936,695,720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="567 - 598" refId="ref63995" refString="Norman CAM. 1903 a. Notes on the natural history of East Finmark - Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 7. 11: 567 - 598, pl. 13." type="journal article" year="1903">Norman, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C6363EEFD20FCFAFD1B" authority="Norman, 1903 a" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[507,895,730,755]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6363EEFD20FD45FD1B" bold="true" box="[507,704,730,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">CALLOPORIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C6360DCFD20FCFAFD1B" author="Norman CAM" box="[713,895,730,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="567 - 598" refId="ref63995" refString="Norman CAM. 1903 a. Notes on the natural history of East Finmark - Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 7. 11: 567 - 598, pl. 13." type="journal article" year="1903">Norman, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6363B8FD07FCF0FCFE" blockId="18.[379,955,661,859]" box="[429,885,765,790]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C636014FD07FCF0FCFE" authority="Canu, 1900" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1900" box="[513,885,765,790]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C636014FD07FD62FCFE" bold="true" box="[513,743,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Crassimarginatella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D17E5C6360E4FD07FCF0FCFE" author="Canu F" box="[753,885,765,790]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="334 - 463" refId="ref60757" refString="Canu F. 1900. Revision des Bryozoaires du Cretace figures par d ' Orbigny. Deuzieme partie - Cheilostomata. B Soc Geol Fr Ser 3. 28: 334 - 463. Plates 4 - 7. French." type="journal article" year="1900">Canu, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6363BBFCE5FCF3FCD0" blockId="18.[379,955,661,859]" box="[430,886,799,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17E5C6363BBFCE5FC95FCD0" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[430,784,799,824]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="eremitica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6363BBFCE5FC95FCD0" bold="true" box="[430,784,799,824]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="3">Crassimarginatella eremitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD17E5C63610CFCE5FCF3FCD0" box="[793,886,799,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C63604CFCB8FD4EFCB3" blockId="18.[379,955,661,859]" box="[601,715,834,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17E5C636074FCB8FD47FCB3" box="[609,706,834,859]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Crassimarginatella eremitica sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1063 (holotype): (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids; (c) autozooids with vestigial ooecium (arrowheads) and lacking ooecium (arrow); (d) frontodistal view of zooid showing vestigial ooecium; (e) marginal autozooids, showing zones of interzooidal contact, each bearing a uniporous septulum, and a forming vestigial ooecium; (f) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids (1, distal; 2, 3, distolateral; 4, proximal; 5, 6 proximolateral). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c, e, f = 200 µm; d = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994821/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17E5C6362B5FC73FDA2FC00" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FC73FE98FC4B" blockId="18.[160,1155,905,1000]" box="[160,285,905,931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17E5C6362B5FC73FE98FC4B" box="[160,285,905,931]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6362B5FC73FE98FC4B" bold="true" box="[160,285,905,931]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FC57FDA2FC00" blockId="18.[160,1155,905,1000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
The specific name is an adjective (Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C636062FC57FD60FC2D" box="[631,741,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">eremiticus</emphasis>
|
||
: reclusive, solitary), referring to our finding only a single small colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17E5C6362B5FBECFCB3FBBA" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FBECFE05FBD8" blockId="18.[160,822,1046,1106]" box="[160,384,1046,1072]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17E5C6362B5FBECFE05FBD8" box="[160,384,1046,1072]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6362B5FBECFE05FBD8" bold="true" box="[160,384,1046,1072]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FBC0FCB3FBBA" blockId="18.[160,822,1046,1106]" box="[160,822,1082,1106]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D17E5C6362B5FBC0FE8CFBBA" box="[160,265,1082,1106]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Te 1063 (REEF-9), bleached, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD17E5C6262B5FB7AFE6FF975" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FB7AFEC8FB72" blockId="18.[160,1156,1152,1247]" box="[160,333,1152,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17E5C6362B5FB7AFEC8FB72" box="[160,333,1152,1178]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6362B5FB7AFEC8FB72" bold="true" box="[160,333,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FB5EFBF2FB37" blockId="18.[160,1156,1152,1247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
AzL, 0.48
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C63631AFB5EFE99FB54" box="[271,284,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.55 (0.516 ± 0.023); AzW, 0.38
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6360B8FB5EFD3FFB54" box="[685,698,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.43 (0.404 ± 0.016), OpL, 0.38
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C636652FB5EFBD1FB54" box="[1095,1108,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.44 (0.409 ± 0.018); OpW, 0.26
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6363D9FB3DFE5CFB37" box="[460,473,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.34 (0.304 ± 0.019) (n = 15, 1). One colony, 5.3 × 3.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6362B5FAF7FEA3FACF" blockId="18.[160,1156,1293,1700]" box="[160,294,1293,1319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D17E5C6362B5FAF7FEA3FACF" box="[160,294,1293,1319]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17E5C6362B5FAF7FEA3FACF" bold="true" box="[160,294,1293,1319]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17E5C6262B5FACBFE6FF975" blockId="18.[160,1156,1293,1700]" lastBlockId="19.[160,1156,1426,1693]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17E5C6362E8FACBFEDDFAA1" box="[253,344,1329,1353]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Crassimarginatella eremitica sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1063 (holotype): (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids; (c) autozooids with vestigial ooecium (arrowheads) and lacking ooecium (arrow); (d) frontodistal view of zooid showing vestigial ooecium; (e) marginal autozooids, showing zones of interzooidal contact, each bearing a uniporous septulum, and a forming vestigial ooecium; (f) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids (1, distal; 2, 3, distolateral; 4, proximal; 5, 6 proximolateral). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c, e, f = 200 µm; d = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994821/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; dried specimen light orange. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17E5C6362EBFAAEFEDAFA84" box="[254,351,1364,1388]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Crassimarginatella eremitica sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1063 (holotype): (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids; (c) autozooids with vestigial ooecium (arrowheads) and lacking ooecium (arrow); (d) frontodistal view of zooid showing vestigial ooecium; (e) marginal autozooids, showing zones of interzooidal contact, each bearing a uniporous septulum, and a forming vestigial ooecium; (f) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids (1, distal; 2, 3, distolateral; 4, proximal; 5, 6 proximolateral). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c, e, f = 200 µm; d = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994821/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(b, c)) delineated by deep groove; gymnocyst moderately wide proximally and/or laterally. Opesia elliptical to irregularly oval, surrounded by narrow, raised mural rim. Cryptocyst (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17E5C6363B6FA63FD85FA59" box="[419,512,1433,1457]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Crassimarginatella eremitica sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1063 (holotype): (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids; (c) autozooids with vestigial ooecium (arrowheads) and lacking ooecium (arrow); (d) frontodistal view of zooid showing vestigial ooecium; (e) marginal autozooids, showing zones of interzooidal contact, each bearing a uniporous septulum, and a forming vestigial ooecium; (f) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids (1, distal; 2, 3, distolateral; 4, proximal; 5, 6 proximolateral). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c, e, f = 200 µm; d = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994821/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) narrow, nearly vertical, smooth around inner margin, serrated around mural rim, except in vicinity of orifice. Non-reproductive zooids in zone of astogenetic change bear two pairs of short, blunt, erect orificial spines, and four to eight short, tapering, acute, slightly or markedly curved opesial spines. Most zooids in zone of astogenetic repetition have single pair of thick, distolateral orificial spines and two to four opesial spines. All spines non-articulated, hollow, arising from gymnocyst. Vestigial ooecium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17E5C636397F993FE62F969" box="[386,487,1641,1665]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Crassimarginatella eremitica sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1063 (holotype): (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids; (c) autozooids with vestigial ooecium (arrowheads) and lacking ooecium (arrow); (d) frontodistal view of zooid showing vestigial ooecium; (e) marginal autozooids, showing zones of interzooidal contact, each bearing a uniporous septulum, and a forming vestigial ooecium; (f) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids (1, distal; 2, 3, distolateral; 4, proximal; 5, 6 proximolateral). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c, e, f = 200 µm; d = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994821/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(d, e)) is formed by next-distal autozooid as a visor-like structure around distal end of zooid; pointed, with pseudopore at tip. Vestigial ooecium is indicative of embryonic incubation in a brood sac immersed in distal part of maternal zooid. Colony precocious; most zooids more than two generations away from ancestrula bear ooecium. Zooids interconnect by uniporous septula, one in transverse wall and one or two in each distolateral wall, leading to large, more-or-less tubular interzooidal chambers. Basal walls calcified. Ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D17F5C62609BF9E7FD6EF9DD" box="[654,747,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 5. Crassimarginatella eremitica sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1063 (holotype): (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids; (c) autozooids with vestigial ooecium (arrowheads) and lacking ooecium (arrow); (d) frontodistal view of zooid showing vestigial ooecium; (e) marginal autozooids, showing zones of interzooidal contact, each bearing a uniporous septulum, and a forming vestigial ooecium; (f) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids (1, distal; 2, 3, distolateral; 4, proximal; 5, 6 proximolateral). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c, e, f = 200 µm; d = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994821/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)) partly obscured in our specimen due to substratum irregularity; tatiform,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D17F5C62606DF9C5FD5BF9BF" box="[632,734,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with two pairs short, straight orificial spines at distal end and at least one curved spine more proximally; surrounded by six periancestrular zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD17F5C6262B5FB7FFB01FAA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994821/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" startId="19.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D17F5C6262B5FB7FFB01FAA4" blockId="19.[160,1156,1157,1356]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17F5C6262B5FB7FFF7EFB74" bold="true" box="[160,251,1157,1180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D17F5C626311FB7FFD90FB74" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[260,533,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="eremitica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D17F5C626311FB7FFD90FB74" box="[260,533,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Crassimarginatella eremitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD17F5C626008FB7FFDE8FB74" box="[541,621,1157,1180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1063 (holotype): (a) frontal view of colony; (b) enlargement showing autozooids; (c) autozooids with vestigial ooecium (arrowheads) and lacking ooecium (arrow); (d) frontodistal view of zooid showing vestigial ooecium; (e) marginal autozooids, showing zones of interzooidal contact, each bearing a uniporous septulum, and a forming vestigial ooecium; (f) ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids (1, distal; 2, 3, distolateral; 4, proximal; 5, 6 proximolateral). All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c, e, f = 200 µm; d = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1785C6562B5FF77FC67FC6C" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1785C6562B5FF77FE83FF4F" blockId="20.[160,1156,141,791]" box="[160,262,141,167]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1785C6562B5FF77FE83FF4F" box="[160,262,141,167]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6562B5FF77FE83FF4F" bold="true" box="[160,262,141,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1785C6562B5FF48FC33FE72" blockId="20.[160,1156,141,791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The generic assignment of this species is unclear.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1785C656154FF48FC77FF22" author="Gordon DP" box="[833,1010,178,202]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subdivided
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C6562B5FF2EFE74FF04" authority="Canu, 1900" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1900" box="[160,497,212,236]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6562B5FF2EFEEFFF04" box="[160,362,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Crassimarginatella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1785C656367FF2EFE74FF04" author="Canu F" box="[370,497,212,236]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" pagination="334 - 463" refId="ref60757" refString="Canu F. 1900. Revision des Bryozoaires du Cretace figures par d ' Orbigny. Deuzieme partie - Cheilostomata. B Soc Geol Fr Ser 3. 28: 334 - 463. Plates 4 - 7. French." type="journal article" year="1900">Canu, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into three subgenera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C6560E0FF2EFCE7FF04" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[757,866,212,236]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Corbulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6560E0FF2EFCE7FF04" box="[757,866,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Corbulella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for species having vicarious avicularia with opesial spines and a serrated rostral rim, and a prominent ovicell with a single broad fenestra;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C656019FEE0FD53FEDA" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1900" box="[524,726,282,306]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C656019FEE0FD53FEDA" box="[524,726,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Crassimarginatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for species in which the vicarious avicularia lack spines and serration, and the ovicell is either prominent and unifenestrate, or small and cap-like; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C6563FCFEA5FD09FE9F" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1900" box="[489,652,351,375]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Valdemunitella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6563FCFEA5FD09FE9F" box="[489,652,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Valdemunitella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for species having a bifenestrate ovicell.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1785C6562B5FE78FE0EFE72" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[160,395,386,410]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
raised all three subgenera to the rank of genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1785C6562D5FE5EFEF5FCFF" blockId="20.[160,1156,141,791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
||
This species clearly bears vestigial ooecia, making it difficult to place in
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C656605FE5EFEEFFE37" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C656605FE5EFB05FE54" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1040,1152,420,444]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Corbulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Corbulella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C6562B5FE3DFEEFFE37" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1900" box="[160,362,455,479]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Crassimarginatella</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a better fit because the generic diagnosis permits small, cap-like ooecia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1785C6562EEFE10FE11FDEA" author="Gordon DP" box="[251,404,490,514]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref61690" refString="Gordon DP. 1984. The marine fauna of New Zealand: bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec ridge. N Z Oceanogr Inst Mem. 91: 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the genus now contains some species having prominent, well-developed ooecia and others with vestigial ooecia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1785C656157FDF6FBBAFDCC" author="Ostrovsky AN & Nielsen C & Vavra N & Yagunova EB" box="[834,1087,524,548]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" pagination="13 - 35" refId="ref64447" refString="Ostrovsky AN, Nielsen C, Vavra N, Yagunova EB. 2009. Diversity of brood chambers in calloporid bryozoans (Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata): comparative anatomy and evolutionary trends. Zoomorphology. 128: 13 - 35." type="journal article" year="2009">Ostrovsky et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our specimen lacks vicarious avicularia, and it is unknown whether they occur in this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C6562B5FDA8FE5FFD82" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[160,474,594,618]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="eremitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6562B5FDA8FE5FFD82" box="[160,474,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Crassimarginatella eremitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C656060FDA8FC8FFD82" box="[629,778,594,618]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="extenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C656060FDA8FC8FFD82" box="[629,778,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Cr. extenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(next description) a moderately wide, somewhat irregular gymnocyst; relatively few spines scattered irregularly around the opesia; and zooids loosely connected by tube-like interzooidal chambers. With its short, fang-like opesial spines and vestigial ooecium with a median pseudopore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C65667AFD40FE81FD1C" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="eremitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C65667AFD40FE81FD1C" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">C. eremitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from any previously described species in either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C6561FFFD26FBDDFD1C" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1002,1112,732,756]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Corbulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6561FFFD26FBDDFD1C" box="[1002,1112,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Corbulella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1785C6562B5FD05FEEFFCFF" authorityName="Canu" authorityYear="1900" box="[160,362,767,791]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Crassimarginatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6562B5FD05FEEFFCFF" box="[160,362,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Crassimarginatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1785C6562B5FCB2FEA1FC8A" blockId="20.[160,994,840,900]" box="[160,292,840,866]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1785C6562B5FCB2FEA1FC8A" box="[160,292,840,866]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1785C6562B5FCB2FEA1FC8A" bold="true" box="[160,292,840,866]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1785C6562B5FC96FC67FC6C" blockId="20.[160,994,840,900]" box="[160,994,876,900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">We found a single small colony at the REEF site, the only known locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |