273 lines
36 KiB
XML
273 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="00A81A094CDB5149B604D4442A419024">On some lesser known sea cucumbers in the Natural History Museum, UK (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038C87E5BF65FF9FFF50F88F7B9D6621" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159812116" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87E5BF65FF9FFF50F88F7B9D6621" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5BF65FF9FFF50F88F7B9D6621" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF65FF99FF50F88F7C19676E" box="[151,521,1795,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF65FF99FF50F88F7C19676E" blockId="2.[151,521,1795,1858]" box="[151,521,1795,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<heading id="D0D2819FBF65FF99FF50F88F7C19676E" bold="true" box="[151,521,1795,1822]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF65FF99FF50F88F7C19676E" ID-CoL="ZRMN" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,521,1795,1822]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FF50F88F7C19676E" bold="true" box="[151,521,1795,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FF50F88F7F4A676D" bold="true" box="[151,346,1795,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Crucella scotiae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FEAEF88F7C11676E" author="Vaney, C." box="[361,513,1795,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref13037" refString="Vaney, C. (1906) Echinoderms, Holothuries. Expedition Antarctique Francaise. In: Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot, Sciences naturelles, Documents Scientifiques. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vaney, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF65FF99FF50F8A47EE56731" box="[151,245,1832,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF65FF99FF50F8A47EE56731" blockId="2.[151,521,1795,1858]" box="[151,245,1832,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<figureCitation id="131E2A76BF65FF99FF50F8A47EE56731" box="[151,245,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1921,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,171,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,166,1840]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Crucella scotiae (Vaney, 1906), Cape Adare. A. Specimen entire; B. Calcareous ring; C. Tube feet rods, D & G.. Large plates from body wall; E. Simple plates of dorsal body wall; F. Knobbed plates of body wall. H. Tentacle plates (C–F drawn to same scale). MDIR = mid-dorsal interradial plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3516793/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF65FF99FF50F8E97CA2678B" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF65FF99FF50F8E97DBB670E" blockId="2.[151,939,1893,2040]" box="[151,939,1893,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF65FF99FF50F8E97C0C670E" authority="Vaney, 1906: 400 - 401" authorityName="Vaney" authorityPageNumber="400" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,540,1893,1918]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FF50F8E97F20670E" box="[151,304,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Thyone scotiae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FEF1F8EA7C0C670E" author="Vaney, C." box="[310,540,1893,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref13037" refString="Vaney, C. (1906) Echinoderms, Holothuries. Expedition Antarctique Francaise. In: Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot, Sciences naturelles, Documents Scientifiques. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vaney, 1906: 400–401</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 1;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FDAFF8E97D48670D" author="Ekman, S." box="[616,856,1893,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" refId="ref11222" refString="Ekman, S. (1925) Holothurien. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903. 1 (6). P. A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm, 194 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 519616" type="book" year="1925">Ekman, 1925: 106–108</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 24.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF65FF99FF50F8087D3967EF" blockId="2.[151,939,1893,2040]" box="[151,809,1923,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3511DDBF65FF99FF50F8087D3967EF" box="[151,809,1923,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF65FF99FF50F8087C2E67EF" authority="Panning, 1949: 455" authorityName="Panning" authorityPageNumber="455" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,574,1923,1948]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Ypsilothuriidae" genus="Ypsilocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FF50F8087F6667EF" box="[151,374,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Ypsilocucumis scotiae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8410E2BF65FF99FEBBF80F7C2E67EF" author="Panning, A." box="[380,574,1923,1948]" page="455" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1949">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FEBBF80F7C2E67EF" author="Panning, A." box="[380,574,1923,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref12386" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning,1949: 455</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FD8FF8087CCA67EF" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[584,730,1923,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="36 - 41" refId="ref12455" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1969) Holothuroidea. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35 ° S latitude. Folio 11, Antarctic Map Folio Series, 11, pp. 36 - 41, pl. 22." type="journal article" year="1969">Pawson, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: map 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF65FF99FF50F82F7D4F67C8" blockId="2.[151,939,1893,2040]" box="[151,863,1954,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3511DDBF65FF99FF50F82F7D4F67C8" box="[151,863,1954,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF65FF99FF50F82F7C3467C8" ID-CoL="PB45" authority="Gutt, 1990: 105" authorityName="Gutt" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,548,1954,1979]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Caespitugo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="citriformis">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FF50F82F7F6C67C8" box="[151,380,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Caespitugo citriformis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8410E2BF65FF99FE45F82F7C3467C8" author="Gutt, J." box="[386,548,1954,1979]" page="105" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FE45F82F7C3467C8" author="Gutt, J." box="[386,548,1954,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref11338" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990: 105</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 1, 5–7, table 2; 1991:324.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF65FF99FF50F84D7D4667AA" blockId="2.[151,939,1893,2040]" box="[151,854,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3511DDBF65FF99FF50F84D7D4667AA" box="[151,854,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF65FF99FF50F84D7FC267AA" ID-CoL="ZRMM" authority="Gutt, 1990" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,466,1985,2010]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hystrix">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FF50F84D7EE067AA" box="[151,240,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Crucella</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FED0F84D7F4C67AA" box="[279,348,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">hystrix</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FEA5F84D7FC267AA" author="Gutt, J." box="[354,466,1985,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref11338" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8410E2BF65FF99FE1CF84D7D1067A9" author="O'Loughlin, PM & Bardsley, T. M. & O'Hara, T. D." box="[475,768,1985,2010]" page="552" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FE1CF84D7D1067A9" author="O'Loughlin, PM & Bardsley, T. M. & O'Hara, T. D." box="[475,768,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="549 - 555" refId="ref12221" refString="O'Loughlin, PM., Bardsley, T. M. & O'Hara, T. D. (1994) A preliminary analysis of diversity and distribution of Holothurioidea from Prydz Bay and the MacRobertson Shelf, eastern Antarctica. In: David, B., Guille, A., Feral, J. P. & Roux, M. (Eds.), Echinoderms through time. Proceedings of the 8 th international echinoderm conference, Dijon, France, 6 - 10 September 1993. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, pp. 549 - 555." type="book chapter" year="1994">
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O’Loughlin
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FD9EF84E7C9C67AA" box="[601,652,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1994: 552
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, table 2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF65FF99FF50F86C7CA2678B" blockId="2.[151,939,1893,2040]" box="[151,690,2015,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3511DDBF65FF99FF50F86C7CA2678B" box="[151,690,2015,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF65FF99FF50F86C7C4D678B" ID-CoL="ZRMN" authority="O'Loughlin et al., 2009: 10" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,605,2015,2040]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FF50F86C7F2E678B" box="[151,318,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Crucella scotiae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8410E2BF65FF99FE83F8537C4D678B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219742" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F." box="[324,605,2015,2040]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F31587C27950FF979FDEFF221343151B" page="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF65FF99FE83F8537C4D678B" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F." box="[324,605,2015,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12324" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
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O’Loughlin
|
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF65FF99FE05F86D7FE6678B" box="[450,502,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2009: 10
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5A667BBF64FF98FF50F80D7CE16791" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3516793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3516793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" startId="3.[151,250,1921,1946]" targetBox="[151,1436,171,1840]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF64FF98FF50F80D7CE16791" blockId="3.[151,1436,1921,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF64FF98FF50F80D7F0467E9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1921,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF64FF98FEDCF80D7C4B67E9" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[283,603,1921,1946]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF64FF98FEDCF80D7FC267EA" box="[283,466,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Crucella scotiae (</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF64FF98FE15F80E7C4467E9" author="Vaney, C." box="[466,596,1921,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref13037" refString="Vaney, C. (1906) Echinoderms, Holothuries. Expedition Antarctique Francaise. In: Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot, Sciences naturelles, Documents Scientifiques. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vaney, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Cape Adare. A. Specimen entire; B. Calcareous ring; C. Tube feet rods, D & G.. Large plates from body wall; E. Simple plates of dorsal body wall; F. Knobbed plates of body wall. H. Tentacle plates (C–F drawn to same scale). MDIR = mid-dorsal interradial plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF63FF9FFF50FF147DD860C0" box="[151,968,152,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF63FF9FFF50FF147DD860C0" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1619]" box="[151,968,152,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFF50FF147F9860C0" bold="true" box="[151,392,152,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Material examinedl.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4D3CAEBF63FF9FFE48FF157DD860C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2429072695" box="[399,968,152,179]" elevation="16" location="Adare" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E1F811BF63FF9FFE48FF157FD960C0" box="[399,457,153,179]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8EFA6028BF63FF9FFE09FF147C0560C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87E5BF65FF9FFF50F88F7B9D6621:8EFA6028BF63FF9FFE09FF147C0560C1" box="[462,533,152,178]" name="Adare" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" stateProvince="Western Cape">Adare</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFDE6FF157C9660C0" box="[545,646,153,179]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0008D1C0BF63FF9FFDE6FF157C9660C0" box="[545,646,153,179]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13–18 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Sir George Newnes,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D23FD7ABF63FF9FFCBDFF157DD860C0" box="[890,968,153,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="generic">2 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF63FF9FFF00FF307A236461" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF63FF9FFF00FF307F596281" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFF00FF307F4960A4" bold="true" box="[199,345,188,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen cylindrical and slightly U-shaped, with tapered end more so posteriorly. Larger specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFF09FF6C7F0D6088" box="[206,285,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFE7BFF6C7C1B6088" box="[444,523,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in breadth in mid-body, smaller specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFC2FFF6C7A276088" box="[1000,1079,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFB11FF6D7B356088" box="[1238,1317,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
in breadth in mid-body. Skin yellowish-cream in alcohol (live colouration pink all round according to uncatalogued NHMUK collection from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327663BF63FF9FFE50FEA47FFC6131" box="[407,492,296,322]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Orkney</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFDD2FEA57C6E6130" box="[533,638,297,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 m</quantity>
|
||
). Tentacles 10, colour cream, ventral two slightly reduced. Dorsal and ventral surfaces and ambulacra and interambulacra not easily distinguishable. Tube feet short, retractile, scattered, more numerous in ambulacra of ventral surface; suckers of more or less same diameter as tube feet. Faint longitudinal lines mark position of the longitudinal muscle bands. Mouth and anus terminal; anal teeth absent, special anal papillae present. Calcareous ring simple, radial and interradial plates fused, even ventrally. Radial plates longer, anteriorly bifid and proximally narrow, each with deep groove for insertion of retractor muscle. Interradial plates triangular and sharply pointed. Posterior end of ring undulating. Polian vesicle single, long, extending beyond midbody. Stone canal remarkably reduced; madreporite arises directly from water ring (not detected in second specimen dissected). Each respiratory tree with paired, well ramified branches, terminal branches elongated and tube-like; right tree longer, both trees unite before opening into cloaca. Cloaca elongated, suspensor muscles prominent. Gonad absent in dissected specimen. Longitudinal muscles well developed, unpaired. Retractor muscles thick, arising from longitudinal bands anteriorly, more posteriorly in the ventral ambulacra, but dorsally almost in line with calcareous ring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF63FF9FFF00FD707A236461" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||
Ossicles of body wall simple plates of various shapes but often circular or oval. Smaller plates (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFAC3FD717B876364" box="[1284,1431,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.33" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="166.5" valueMax="233.0" valueMin="100.0">100–233 µm</quantity>
|
||
, average
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFF32FCAC7F5D6348" box="[245,333,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="155.0">155 µm</quantity>
|
||
) smooth with fewer holes. Larger plates (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFCDAFCAD7DA06348" box="[797,944,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.485" metricValueMax="2.87" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="248.5" valueMax="287.0" valueMin="210.0">210–287 µm</quantity>
|
||
, average
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFBDEFCAD7A616348" box="[1049,1137,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="243.0">243 µm</quantity>
|
||
) usually knobbed with numerous holes and often with a mesh-like superstructure partially covering the plate, but never developed as a spire. Ventral ossicles smaller and less numerous than dorsal, also as simple knobbed plates of varying shapes. Ossicles of tube feet very reduced curved rods. End plates non-contiguous, circularly arranged pieces giving the impression of disintegration. Tentacle ossicles (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFDECFC3C7CA063B8" box="[555,688,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="195.0" valueMax="295.0" valueMin="95.0">95–295 µm</quantity>
|
||
, average
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFCDBFC3D7D6563B8" box="[796,885,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="187.0">187 µm</quantity>
|
||
) as simple plates with irregular margins and few holes, some plates rod-like but always perforated. Introvert ossicles as simple rods (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFBFCFC587ADD639C" box="[1083,1229,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.075" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="307.5" valueMax="440.0" valueMin="175.0">175–440 µm</quantity>
|
||
, average
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFAF1FC587B9F639C" box="[1334,1423,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6399999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="264.0">264 µm</quantity>
|
||
), some Y-shaped, L-shaped or X-shaped with no ornamentation, but often branched.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF63FF9FFF00FB907A246445" box="[199,1076,1052,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF63FF9FFF00FB907A246445" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1619]" box="[199,1076,1052,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFF00FB907F716444" bold="true" box="[199,353,1052,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Circumpolar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFDC3FB907D026444" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F." box="[516,786,1052,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12324" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
O’Loughlin
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFD57FB917CD96445" box="[656,713,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), perhaps to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF63FF9FFC66FB917DF86444" box="[929,1000,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF63FF9FFF00FBCD7B9D6621" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF63FF9FFF00FBCD7F4A665C" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFF00FBCD7F2B6428" bold="true" box="[199,315,1089,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
It is with no hesitation that the above material is referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF63FF9FFC2DFBCC7B5B6428" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1002,1355,1088,1115]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFC2DFBCC7AB36429" box="[1002,1187,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Crucella scotiae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFB75FBCD7B536428" author="Vaney, C." box="[1202,1347,1088,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref13037" refString="Vaney, C. (1906) Echinoderms, Holothuries. Expedition Antarctique Francaise. In: Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot, Sciences naturelles, Documents Scientifiques. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vaney, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It perfectly satisfies the description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8851BF63FF9FFD86FBE97C61640C" box="[577,625,1125,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. However, the generic position of this species is questionable since the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF63FF9FFE8DFB047FBC64D1" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[330,428,1160,1186]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFE8DFB047FBC64D1" box="[330,428,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Crucella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFD4AFB057D0064D0" author="Gutt, J." box="[653,784,1161,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref11338" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for an Antarctic cucumariid whose body-wall ossicles are usually cruciform plates bearing a secondary meshwork partially covering the plates and often produced into a tall superstructure resembling a spire. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFD43FB5C7D876498" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F." box="[644,919,1232,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12324" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
O’Loughlin
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFCC9FB5D7D566499" box="[782,838,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred Vaney’s species to this genus because of a secondary meshwork on some ossicles, none of the ossicles described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFC3BFB797A83657C" author="Vaney, C." box="[1020,1171,1268,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref13037" refString="Vaney, C. (1906) Echinoderms, Holothuries. Expedition Antarctique Francaise. In: Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot, Sciences naturelles, Documents Scientifiques. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1906">Vaney (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor those in the current material are cross-shaped or have a spire-like superstructure. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFC6AFA947AAE6540" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F." box="[941,1214,1304,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12324" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
O’Loughlin
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFBF0FA957A7E6541" box="[1079,1134,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do state that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF63FF9FFA89FA957ED16525" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scotiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFA89FA957ED16525" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">C. scotiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has “body-wall ossicles as small-knobbed plates, large irregular thick knobbed perforated plates with secondary mesh thickening; posterior body with multi-layered ossicles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFC8DFAEC7A006508" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F." box="[842,1040,1376,1403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12324" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">O’Loughlin 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFBDFFAED7A416509" box="[1048,1105,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
: 10). It is for this reason that the diagnosis of the genus is here changed to accommodate this species and its like. The above synonymy given is that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFF22FA247FEC65B0" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F." box="[229,508,1448,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12324" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Eugenia Manjon-Cabeza, M. & Moya Ruiz, F. (2009) Antarctic holothuroids from the Bellingshausen Sea, with descriptions of new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2016 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
O’Loughlin
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFEB7FA257FB165B1" box="[368,417,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The species comes quite close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF63FF9FFCB0FA257AB065B0" authority="(Gutt, 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Gutt" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[887,1184,1449,1475]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Caespitugo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="citriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFCB0FA257A1D65B0" box="[887,1037,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">C. citriformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF63FF9FFBDBFA257A8965B0" author="Gutt, J." box="[1052,1177,1449,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref11338" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata). I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirota. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in its form, tube feet distribution and most body-wall plates. However, in its calcareous ring, tube feet deposits and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8851BF63FF9FFA89FA417B6E6594" box="[1358,1406,1485,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of end plates, composed of non-contiguous, circularly arranged pieces, it closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF63FF9FFB44FA7D7AEE6679" box="[1155,1278,1520,1547]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Paracucumidae" genus="Crucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hysterix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF63FF9FFB44FA7D7AEE6679" box="[1155,1278,1520,1547]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">C. hysterix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8851BF63FF9FFAF1FA7D7B766678" box="[1334,1382,1521,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF63FF9FFF00F9B47B9D6621" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1619]" box="[199,1421,1592,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">The specimen here described is the first record of the species in the NHMUK judging from its online catalogue.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |