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<mods:title id="2D0A2CBBECC462185B4B955F437619E9">Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE85BFFADFF792B87FDEF33CF" ID-CoL="3HVMD" authority="La Monte 1935" authorityName="La Monte" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,590,1944,1971]" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85BFFADFF792B87FE2E33CE" box="[151,399,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gymnotus cylindricus</emphasis>
La Monte 1935
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. Round Knifefish; Pez Cuchillo, Pez Cuchillo Redondo, Pez Navaja, Pez Machete,
<collectingCountry id="F332760EE85BFFADFEEA2BA3FEC033AA" box="[260,353,1980,2006]" name="Anguilla" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anguila</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F332760EE85BFFADFE852BA3FE6433AA" box="[363,453,1980,2006]" name="Anguilla" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anguila</collectingCountry>
Falsa, Madre de Barbudo, Guabina
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<paragraph id="8B9A369EE85BFFACFF792BFFFB8E3641" blockId="24.[151,1436,1944,2043]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,150,573]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85BFFADFF792BFFFEB13386" bold="true" box="[151,272,2016,2042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Vouchers:</emphasis>
UCR 3115-004 (1); other collections: ANSP 113929 (1), CAS 61383 (3), 61389 (2), CUMV 64678 (1), KU 18690 (1), 18702 (1), UMMZ 199622 (1) and 199633 (1).
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85AFFACFC4E2C89FB9D34CC" bold="true" box="[928,1084,150,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution:</emphasis>
Central America; from central Guatemala to eastern Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages;
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85AFFACFC862CA5FC5634A8" bold="true" box="[872,1015,186,212]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(
<collectingCountry id="F332760EE85AFFACFC812CA5FC4E34A8" box="[879,1007,186,212]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
)
</emphasis>
Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es, BF, IM, To, Sa, SJ, RF, LN (Atlantic) and Ch (Pacific);
<quantity id="4CDD9B7BE85AFFACFD5A2CC0FC9B3485" box="[692,826,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.605" metricValueMax="3.19" metricValueMin="0.02" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="160.5" valueMax="319.0" valueMin="2.0">2319 masl</quantity>
; Pri, Pot.
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85AFFACFC452CC1FAC53485" bold="true" box="[939,1380,222,249]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Occurrence and conservation status:</emphasis>
Nat; LC (2020), population trend unknown.
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85AFFACFDB32D1DFD433560" bold="true" box="[605,738,258,284]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Literature:</emphasis>
Astorqui (1975: 155, as
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE85AFFACFBEA2D1CFADF3561" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1028,1406,258,285]" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85AFFACFBEA2D1CFB6F3560" box="[1028,1230,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gymnotus carapo</emphasis>
Linnaeus 1758
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— misidentification; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE85AFFACFEDC2D54FE483519" author="Villa" box="[306,489,331,357]" firstAuthor="Villa" page="108" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref86666" refString="Villa, J. (1982) Peces nicaraguenses de agua dulce. Editorial Union Cardoza y Cia. Ltda, Managua, 253 pp." type="book" year="1982">Villa (1982: 108</bibRefCitation>
; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE85AFFACFE022D70FCED35F5" author="Carr &amp; Giovannoli" box="[492,844,367,393]" firstAuthor="Carr" page="101" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="95 - 115" refId="ref81867" refString="Carr, A. F. Jr. &amp; Giovannoli, L. (1994) The fishes of the Choluteca drainage of southern Honduras. Ceiba, 35 (2), 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1994">Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 101</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE85AFFACFC952D70FC4E35F4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[891,1007,367,393]" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE85AFFACFC952D70FC4E35F4" box="[891,1007,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. carapo</emphasis>
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—misidentification; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE85AFFACFD042D8CFC6C35D1" author="Bussing" box="[746,973,403,429]" firstAuthor="Bussing" page="130" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref81779" refString="Bussing, W. A. (1998). Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose´, Costa Rica, 468 pp." type="book" year="1998">Bussing (1998: 130</bibRefCitation>
; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE85AFFACFBBA2DA8FF653589" author="Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz" firstAuthor="Gros" page="217" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref82875" refString="Gros, P. M. &amp; Miguel-Frithz, N. (2010) Conocimientos del pueblo Mayangna sobre la convivencia del hombre y la naturaleza: peces y tortugas: Peces y Tortugas. 1740280773 Vol. 1. UNESCO, Paris, 284 pp." type="book" year="2010">Gros &amp; Miguel-Frithz (2010: 217</bibRefCitation>
; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE85AFFACFE4A2DE0FD6C3665" author="van den Berghe" box="[420,717,510,537]" firstAuthor="van den Berghe" page="39" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref86561" refString="van den Berghe, E. (2015) Peces de la cuenca del ri´o Punta Gorda, vertiente del Caribe de Nicaragua. Revista Nicaraguense de Biodiversidad, 3, 1 - 55. [http: // www. bio-nica. info / RevNicaBiodiv / 03 - VandenBerghe-PecesPuntaGorda-final. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2015">van den Berghe (2015: 39</bibRefCitation>
; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE85AFFACFEB32E3CFD893641" author="Angulo, A." box="[349,552,547,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref80295" refString="Angulo, A. (2021) New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist. Zootaxa, 5083 (1), 1 - 72, https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5083.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Angulo (2021: 28</bibRefCitation>
; listed, including information on distribution).
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