475 lines
67 KiB
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475 lines
67 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A0AD1CF434D356A9CFEDDC58F6E2878D">Redefinition And Systematic Revision Of The East African Scorpion Genus Pandinoides (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) With Critique Of The Taxonomy Of Pandinus, Sensu Lato</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B9A3695895CFF9DBC3AFDA6FBB6BE7F" blockId="5.[803,1117,607,631]" box="[803,1117,607,631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBC69FDA6FBB6BE7F" ID-CoL="6D6B" authority="Fet, 1997" authorityName="Fet" authorityYear="1997" box="[880,1117,607,631]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBC69FDA6FC19BE7F" box="[880,1010,607,631]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBCE0FDA6FBB6BE7F" author="Fet, V." box="[1017,1117,607,631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="245 - 250" refId="ref46983" refString="Fet, V. 1997. Notes on the taxonomy of some Old World scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chactidae, Ischnuridae, Scorpionidae). Journal of Arachnology 25: 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1997">Fet, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33F651E895CFF9DBC25FD69FBAFBEA0" box="[828,1092,656,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9A3695895CFF9DBC25FD69FBAFBEA0" blockId="5.[828,1092,656,680]" box="[828,1092,656,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0D281F9895CFF9DBC25FD69FBAFBEA0" box="[828,1092,656,680]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
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<figureCitation id="131E2A10895CFF9DBC25FD69FC20BEA0" box="[828,971,656,680]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-10="FIGURE 11" captionStart-11="FIGURE 12" captionStart-12="FIGURE 13" captionStart-13="FIGURE 14" captionStart-14="FIGURE 15" captionStart-15="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="7.[120,206,1629,1650]" captionStartId-1="9.[120,206,1097,1118]" captionStartId-10="28.[120,206,1541,1562]" captionStartId-11="29.[696,782,810,831]" captionStartId-12="30.[120,206,1709,1730]" captionStartId-13="31.[120,206,755,776]" captionStartId-14="32.[120,206,1350,1371]" captionStartId-15="33.[120,207,1706,1727]" captionStartId-2="11.[120,206,1547,1568]" captionStartId-3="14.[120,206,1541,1562]" captionStartId-4="15.[694,781,858,879]" captionStartId-5="16.[120,206,1709,1730]" captionStartId-6="17.[121,207,879,900]" captionStartId-7="18.[120,206,1491,1512]" captionStartId-8="20.[120,206,1703,1724]" captionStartId-9="23.[120,206,1369,1390]" captionTargetBox-0="[143,1201,224,1599]" captionTargetBox-1="[121,1222,225,1061]" captionTargetBox-10="[120,1224,224,1514]" captionTargetBox-11="[704,1216,224,784]" captionTargetBox-12="[185,1160,224,1679]" captionTargetBox-13="[228,1114,224,726]" captionTargetBox-14="[120,646,224,1324]" captionTargetBox-15="[152,1174,224,1679]" captionTargetBox-2="[120,1221,225,1520]" captionTargetBox-3="[120,1224,224,1514]" captionTargetBox-4="[694,1224,226,830]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1194,224,1679]" captionTargetBox-6="[174,1170,227,852]" captionTargetBox-7="[120,648,224,1464]" captionTargetBox-8="[142,1200,224,1676]" captionTargetBox-9="[260,1083,224,1341]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@7.[143,1201,224,1599]" captionTargetId-1="figure-186@9.[120,1224,224,1069]" captionTargetId-10="figure-9@28.[120,1224,224,1515]" captionTargetId-11="figure-574@29.[704,1216,224,784]" captionTargetId-12="figure-44@30.[184,1160,224,1679]" captionTargetId-13="figure-623@31.[228,1116,224,726]" captionTargetId-14="figure-416@32.[120,646,224,1324]" captionTargetId-15="figure-8@33.[120,1224,224,1679]" captionTargetId-2="figure-8@11.[120,1224,224,1520]" captionTargetId-3="figure-9@14.[120,1224,224,1515]" captionTargetId-4="figure-494@15.[694,1224,226,830]" captionTargetId-5="figure-9@16.[150,1194,224,1679]" captionTargetId-6="figure-425@17.[174,1170,227,852]" captionTargetId-7="figure-410@18.[120,648,224,1465]" captionTargetId-8="figure-41@20.[142,1201,224,1676]" captionTargetId-9="figure-156@23.[260,1083,224,1341]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-10="28" captionTargetPageId-11="29" captionTargetPageId-12="30" captionTargetPageId-13="31" captionTargetPageId-14="32" captionTargetPageId-15="33" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionTargetPageId-5="16" captionTargetPageId-6="17" captionTargetPageId-7="18" captionTargetPageId-8="20" captionTargetPageId-9="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Pandinoides Fet, 1997, habitus in life. A, B. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888) adults seized from shipment for exotic pet trade by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (A); ♀ (AMNH), imported to the United States from Tanzania (B). C. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (AMNH), imported to U.S. from Tanzania. D. Pandinoides militaris (Pocock, 1900), ♂, Tsavo, Kenya. Photos courtesy Randy Mercurio (B, C) and Corwin Trent (D)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Map plotting known distributions of Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888) (circles), Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov. (triangles), and Pandinoides militaris (Pocock, 1900) (squares) based on data from the literature and the present contribution. White symbols denote type localities. Question marks denote unconfirmed, dubious records." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., carapace, dorsal aspect (A, C), and sternum, genital opercula, and pectines, ventral aspect (B, D). A, B. Holotype ♂ (AMNH), C, D. Paratype ♀ (AMNH), Kikatitti, Tanzania. Scale bars = 2.5 mm." captionText-11="FIGURE 12. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Kikatitti, Tanzania, dextral pedipalp patella, retrolateral (A) and ventral (B) aspects. Scale bar = 2.5 mm." captionText-12="FIGURE 13. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Kikatitti, Tanzania, dextral pedipalp chela, retrolateral (A), ventral (B), and prolateral (C) aspects. Scale bar = 2.5 mm." captionText-13="FIGURE 14. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (AMNH), Kikatitti, Tanzania, dextral pedipalp chela, retrolateral aspect. Scale bar = 2.5 mm." captionText-14="FIGURE 15. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (AMNH), Kikatitti, Tanzania, legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect (A–D). Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-15="FIGURE 16. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH), Kikatitti, Tanzania, metasoma and telson, dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) aspects. Scale bar = 2.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. ♂ (AMNH), C, D. ♀ (AMNH), Mapinduzi, Tanzania. Scale bars = 10 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), carapace, dorsal aspect (A, C), and sternum, genital opercula, and pectines, ventral aspect (B, D). A, B. ♂ (AMNH), C, D. ♀ (AMNH), Mapinduzi, Tanzania. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), ♂ (AMNH), Mapinduzi, Tanzania, dextral pedipalp patella, retrolateral (A) and ventral (B) aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), ♂ (AMNH), Mapinduzi, Tanzania, dextral pedipalp chela, retrolateral (A), ventral (B), and prolateral (C) aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), ♀ (AMNH), Mapinduzi, Tanzania, dextral pedipalp chela, retrolateral aspect. Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), ♂ (AMNH), Mapinduzi, Tanzania, legs I–IV, tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi, ventral aspect (A–D). Scale bar = 2.5 mm." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), ♂ (AMNH), Mapinduzi, Tanzania, metasoma and telson, dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) aspects. Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov., habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. Holotype ♂ (AMNH), C, D. Paratype ♀ (AMNH), Kikatitti, Tanzania. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612739" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612743" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612767" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612769" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612773" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612777" figureDoi-14="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612779" figureDoi-15="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612781" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612747" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612751" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612755" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612757" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612759" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612761" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612763" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612765" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4612739/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4612743/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/4612767/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/4612769/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/4612773/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/4612777/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/4612779/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/4612781/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4612747/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4612751/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4612755/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4612757/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4612759/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4612761/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/4612763/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/4612765/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Figures 1–16</figureCitation>
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; tables 1–5
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F651E895CFF9DBDA1FD3FFC19B8B6" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9A3695895CFF9DBDA1FD3FFC87BF2B" blockId="5.[696,1222,710,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBDA1FD3FFB94BED6" authority="Vachon, 1974: 953" authorityName="Vachon" authorityPageNumber="953" authorityYear="1974" box="[696,1151,710,735]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandinoides">
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<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBDA1FD3FFCF1BED6" box="[696,794,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBC33FD3FFC42BED6" box="[810,937,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinoides</emphasis>
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) Vachon, 1974: 953
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</taxonomicName>
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(part), nomen nudum (
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<typeStatus id="549E8837895CFF9DBCFDFD10FBFFBF09" box="[996,1044,745,769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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species not designated).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A3695895CFF9DBDA1FCD4FB4FB871" blockId="5.[696,1222,710,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3511BB895CFF9DBDA1FCD4FB4FB871" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBDA1FCD4FBA3BF4D" author="Fet, V." box="[696,1096,813,837]" page="248" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="1997">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBDA1FCD4FBA3BF4D" authority="Fet, 1997: 248" authorityName="Fet" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1997" box="[696,1096,813,837]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandinoides">
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||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBDA1FCD4FCF3BF4D" box="[696,792,813,837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBC31FCD4FC4FBF4D" box="[808,932,813,837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinoides</emphasis>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBCADFCD7FBA3BF4D" author="Fet, V." box="[948,1096,813,837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="245 - 250" refId="ref46983" refString="Fet, V. 1997. Notes on the taxonomy of some Old World scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chactidae, Ischnuridae, Scorpionidae). Journal of Arachnology 25: 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1997">Fet, 1997: 248</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<typeStatus id="549E8837895CFF9DBB4BFCD7FB94BF4E" box="[1106,1151,814,838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBC02FCB6FB82BF60" authority="Pocock, 1900" authorityName=", Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[795,1129,847,872]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
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<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBC02FCB6FC33BF6F" box="[795,984,847,871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinus militaris</emphasis>
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Pocock, 1900
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBB89FCA9FBAABF82" ID-CoL="4CBSX" authority="(Pocock, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBB89FCA9FC72BF82" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinoides militaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], desig.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBB8CFC8BFCA5BFA4" author="Fet, V." page="468" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBB8CFC8BFCA5BFA4" author="Fet, V." pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="427 - 486" refId="ref47019" refString="Fet, V. 2000. Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 427 - 486. New York: New York Entomological Society." type="book chapter" year="2000">Fet, 2000: 468</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBC87FC6DFCA5BFC6" author="Lamoral, B. H. & S. C. Reynders" page="564" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="1975">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBC87FC6DFCA5BFC6" author="Lamoral, B. H. & S. C. Reynders" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="489 - 576" refId="ref48061" refString="Lamoral, B. H., and S. C. Reynders. 1975. A catalogue of the scorpions described from the Ethiopian faunal region up to December 1973. Annals of the Natal Museum 22: 489 - 576." type="journal article" year="1975">Lamoral and Reynders, 1975: 564</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBC87FC4FFBBCBFC6" author="Francke, O. F." box="[926,1111,950,974]" page="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="1985">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBC87FC4FFBBCBFC6" author="Francke, O. F." box="[926,1111,950,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref47125" refString="Francke, O. F. 1985. Conspectus genericus scorpionorum 1758 - 1982 (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Occasional Papers of the Museum, Texas Tech University 98: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1985">Francke, 1985: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 18;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBDF0FC21FC45BFF9" author="Kovarik, F." box="[745,942,984,1009]" page="140" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBDF0FC21FC45BFF9" author="Kovarik, F." box="[745,942,984,1009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" refId="ref47388" refString="Kovarik, F. 1998. Stiri [Scorpions]. Jihlava, Czech Republic: Madagaskar, 176 pp. [in Czech]." type="book" year="1998">Kovařík, 1998: 140</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBCE7FC20FB7BBFF8" author="Fet, V." box="[1022,1168,984,1009]" page="468" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBCE7FC20FB7BBFF8" author="Fet, V." box="[1022,1168,984,1009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="427 - 486" refId="ref47019" refString="Fet, V. 2000. Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 427 - 486. New York: New York Entomological Society." type="book chapter" year="2000">Fet, 2000: 468</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBC2BFC02FC12B81B" author="Kovarik, F." box="[818,1017,1019,1043]" page="136" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBC2BFC02FC12B81B" author="Kovarik, F." box="[818,1017,1019,1043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="133 - 159" refId="ref47492" refString="Kovarik, F. 2003. Scorpions of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with a key and descriptions of three new species. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 67: 133 - 159." type="journal article" year="2003">Kovařík, 2003: 136</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 148, 149, fig. 15, table 1 (part); 2009: 50–52 (part), 58, 59, 114, 115 (part), 129, table 3 (part), figs. 284–293 (part), 403–405;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBC81FB98FB4BB871" author="Prendini, L. & T. M. Crowe & W. C. Wheeler" box="[920,1184,1121,1145]" page="230" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBC81FB98FB4BB871" author="Prendini, L. & T. M. Crowe & W. C. Wheeler" box="[920,1184,1121,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="185 - 259" refId="ref49325" refString="Prendini, L., T. M. Crowe, and W. C. Wheeler. 2003. Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae Latreille, with a discussion of phylogenetic methods. Invertebrate Systematics 17: 185 - 259." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini et al., 2003: 230</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895CFF9DBDA1FB7DFC19B8B6" blockId="5.[696,1222,710,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3511BB895CFF9DBDA1FB7DFC19B8B6" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A841084895CFF9DBDA1FB7DFC19B894" author="Rossi, A." box="[696,1010,1155,1180]" page="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" year="2015">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBDA1FB7DFC19B894" ID-CoL="6D6B" authority=": Rossi, 2015 a: 10" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="2015" box="[696,1010,1155,1180]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBDA1FB7DFCDCB894" box="[696,823,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895CFF9DBC5CFB7DFC19B894" author="Rossi, A." box="[837,1010,1155,1180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" pagination="10 - 66" refId="ref49592" refString="Rossi, A. 2015 a. Sui sottogeneri di Pandinus Thorell, 1876 con revisione del genere Pandinurus Fet, 1997 stat. n. e descrizione di sette nuove specie e tre nuovi sottogeneri (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae). Onychium 11: 10 - 66." type="journal article" year="2015">Rossi, 2015a: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 11, 13 (part), 14–16, 43, 50, figs. 8–11.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F651E895CFF9EBDC0FB1BFD9DB87E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895CFF9DBDC0FB1BFBA0B9EA" blockId="5.[695,1226,1250,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBCD7FB1BFBA6B8F2" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[974,1101,1250,1274]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBCD7FB1BFBA6B8F2" box="[974,1101,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from all other scorpionid genera in the unique shape of the pedipalp chela manus of the adult male, which is characterized by a marked concave depression in the retrodorsal surface, at the base of the fixed finger (figs. 6A, 13A, 20A), and the retroventral carina projecting ventral to the plane of the ventromedian carina (figs. 6B, 13B, 20B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895CFF9EBDC0FA12FD9DB87E" blockId="5.[695,1226,1250,1738]" lastBlockId="6.[119,650,226,1771]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The following additional characters, in combination, separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895CFF9DBC5CF9F5FC2BBA2C" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[837,960,1548,1572]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895CFF9DBC5CF9F5FC2BBA2C" box="[837,960,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other scorpionid genera. Cheliceral movable finger, prodistal (ventral) and retrodistal (dorsal) teeth unequal, retrodistal tooth considerably smaller than prodistal tooth, aligned longitudinally and not opposable. Carapace interocular and posteromedian surfaces smooth in both sexes (figs. 4, 11, 18); posterior sutures present, connected anteriorly to posterior furcations of interocular suture and extending anteriorly beyond median ocular tubercle. Sternites and metasomal segments I–V, intercarinal surfaces smooth or predominantly so. Sternite VII with paired, costate ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae. Ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae more strongly developed on metasomal segments I and II than on III and IV. Pedipalp chela manus predominantly acarinate except for retroventral and ventromedian carinae (figs. 6, 7, 13, 14, 20, 21); retrodorsal surfaces predominantly smooth proximally with shallow, anastomosing granules and/or reticulation distally. Chela movable finger of adult male without proximal lobe, with median lobe more pronounced than other lobes, and with correspondingly welldeveloped notch in fixed finger, creating moderate to prominent gap between fingers, when closed (figs. 6A, 13A, 20A). Pedipalp neobothriotaxic major,
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8837895FFF9EBFD3FC8EFF14BF87" box="[202,255,887,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
C, with 84 (74–93) trichobothria (tables 1–5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBFEBFC60FEEBBFB8" box="[242,256,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 90); chela with 4 (3–5)
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBD1DFC60FDE0BFB8" box="[516,523,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">i</emphasis>
|
||
trichobothria and 9 (7–12)
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBE2AFC43FEAEBFD9" box="[307,325,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">V</emphasis>
|
||
trichobothria; patella with 14 (13–15)
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBFFBFC22FF06BFFA" box="[226,237,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">e</emphasis>
|
||
trichobothria and 31 (22–38)
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBD65FC22FD63BFFA" box="[636,648,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">v</emphasis>
|
||
trichobothria. Telotarsi with the following counts of pro- and retroventral spiniform macrosetae (tables 1–5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBFB7FBC7FF57B85D" box="[174,188,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 90): I, 3 (1–3), 4 (3–5); II, 3 (2 or 3), 4 (2–5); III, 3 (2–4), 4 (3–5); IV, 3 (2 or 3), 4 (3–5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F651E895FFF9EBF81FB79FD8FB956" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895FFF9EBF81FB79FD8FB956" blockId="6.[119,650,226,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBE59FB86FE77B89F" box="[320,412,1151,1175]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBEBFFB79FE00B890" box="[422,491,1152,1176]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBEECFB86FDA6B89F" box="[501,589,1151,1175]" name="Somalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBD4FFB79FF59B8B0" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,?
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBFDEFB59FEF6B8B0" box="[199,285,1184,1208]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This genus does not occur in the northeast of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBE2BFB3BFD61B8D2" box="[306,650,1218,1242]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBFFDFB1AFEF5B8F3" box="[228,286,1251,1275]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Zaïre</collectingCountry>
|
||
) or in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBE7EFB1AFE41B8F3" box="[359,426,1251,1275]" name="Sudan" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
as stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBD2AFB1AFF53B914" author="Kovarik, F." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" refId="ref47388" refString="Kovarik, F. 1998. Stiri [Scorpions]. Jihlava, Czech Republic: Madagaskar, 176 pp. [in Czech]." type="book" year="1998">Kovařík (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBFDDFAFDFF12B914" author="Kovarik, F." box="[196,249,1284,1308]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" refId="ref47534" refString="Kovarik, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clairon Production, 170 pp." type="book" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBE20FAFDFE40B914" author="Fet, V." box="[313,427,1284,1308]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="427 - 486" refId="ref47019" refString="Fet, V. 2000. Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 427 - 486. New York: New York Entomological Society." type="book chapter" year="2000">Fet (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As discussed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBF61FADFFF01B935" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[120,234,1317,1341]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBF61FADFFF01B935" box="[120,234,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">P. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBEA9FADCFE18B935" box="[432,499,1317,1341]" name="Sudan" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is actually in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBF61FABFFF20B956" box="[120,203,1350,1374]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 2), and remains to be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F651E895FFF9EBF81FA9EFBB8B914" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895FFF9EBF81FA9EFB71BD34" blockId="6.[119,650,226,1771]" lastBlockId="6.[695,1226,226,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
ECOLOGY:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBE12FA9EFE63B977" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[267,392,1383,1407]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBE12FA9EFE63B977" box="[267,392,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in arid savannah and riverine forest, from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B70895FFF9EBE60FA71FE11B9A8" box="[377,506,1416,1440]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" metricValueMax="1.77" metricValueMin="0.24" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1005.0" valueMax="1770.0" valueMin="240.0">240–1770 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation. All three species of the genus are fossorial, constructing burrows in compacted clayey to sandy-loam soils using the chelicerae, first two pairs of legs, and metasoma. Burrow entrances are usually situated in open ground. The thickened metasoma (figs. 9, 16, 23), short, robust legs (figs. 8, 15, 22) with stout, spiniform macrosetae distributed retrolaterally and distally on the basitarsi, and curved telotarsal ungues are consistent with the pelophilous ecomorphotype (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBFC2F92AFE63BAE3" author="Prendini, L." box="[219,392,1747,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="113 - 138" refId="ref49002" refString="Prendini, L. 2001 b. Substratum specialization and speciation in southern African scorpions: the Effect Hypothesis revisited. In V. Fet and P. A. Selden (editors), Scorpions 2001. In memoriam Gary A. Polis: 113 - 138. Burnham Beeches, Buckinghamshire, UK: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Prendini, 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Burrows may be single entrance, occupied by a single individual, or composite and multi-entrance, containing multiple related individuals of overlapping generations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895FFF9EBDC1FEBCFBB8B914" blockId="6.[695,1226,226,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
CONSERVATION: All three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBB7AFEBCFD32BD76" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBB7AFEBCFD32BD76" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are harvested in large numbers for the international trade in exotic pets, judging from their availability on markets in Europe, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBB64FE51FD13BDE9" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327605895FFF9EBC25FE33FC92BDE9" box="[828,889,458,481]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 1A). The impact of this activity on wild populations is unknown, but several factors suggest it is probably detrimental. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBC19FDD5FC94BE4C" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[768,895,556,580]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBC19FDD5FC94BE4C" box="[768,895,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be slow to repopulate and hence vulnerable to overharvesting, as with other large-bodied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBC5EFD97FC3FBE8E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[839,980,622,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBCF8FD97FB54BE8F" author="Prendini, L. & T. M. Crowe & W. C. Wheeler" box="[993,1215,622,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="185 - 259" refId="ref49325" refString="Prendini, L., T. M. Crowe, and W. C. Wheeler. 2003. Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae Latreille, with a discussion of phylogenetic methods. Invertebrate Systematics 17: 185 - 259." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Female scorpionids typically have gestation periods of up to 12 months and produce fairly small broods (30–35 young) compared with other scorpions. Young are relatively altricial, spending several months in the maternal burrow before dispersing, protracting the period before a female can give birth to her next brood. Age to sexual maturity is 4–7 years, during which period most juveniles experience natural predation (including cannibalism). The fairly restricted distributional ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBC36FC23FC59BFFA" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[815,946,986,1010]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBC36FC23FC59BFFA" box="[815,946,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species provide further cause for concern, given that wild populations are threatened not only by harvesting but also by continued habitat destruction.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBCC7FBC4FBB6B85D" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[990,1117,1085,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBCC7FBC4FBB6B85D" box="[990,1117,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be equilibrium species, restricted to relatively undisturbed habitat. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBCE4FB86FB90B89F" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[1021,1147,1151,1175]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBCE4FB86FB90B89F" box="[1021,1147,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be CITES-listed as is the case with three West African species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBC63FB3BFD13B8F3" authority="(Pocock, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dictator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBC63FB3BFBB0B8D2" box="[890,1115,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinopsis dictator</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBB69FB3BFD1BB8F3" author="Pocock, R. I." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="245 - 255" refId="ref48340" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1888. On the African specimens of the genus Scorpio (Linn.), contained in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 2: 245 - 255." type="journal article" year="1888">Pocock, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBC11FB1AFB64B8F3" authority="Pocock, 1899" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1899" box="[776,1167,1251,1275]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gambiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBC11FB1AFC06B8F3" box="[776,1005,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinus gambiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBCE1FB1AFB64B8F3" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1016,1167,1251,1275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="833 - 885" refId="ref48642" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1899. On the scorpions, pedipalps and spiders from Tropical West Africa represented in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899: 833 - 885." type="journal article" year="1899">Pocock, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBDA1FAFDFBA4B914" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[696,1103,1284,1308]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBDA1FAFDFC63B913" box="[696,904,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinus imperator</emphasis>
|
||
(C.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBCD2FAFDFBACB914" author="Koch, C. L." box="[971,1095,1284,1308]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref47259" refString="Koch, C. L. 1841. Die Arachniden. Nurnberg: C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung 9: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1841">Koch, 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F651E895FFF90BDC1FADCFD91BF5B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895FFF9EBDC1FADCFB6CB977" blockId="6.[695,1226,226,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
INCLUDED SPECIES:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBCD8FADCFC83B956" authority="(Pocock, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavimanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBCD8FADCFB23B935" box="[961,1224,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides cavimanus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBDA6FABFFC8BB956" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[703,864,1350,1374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="245 - 255" refId="ref48340" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1888. On the African specimens of the genus Scorpio (Linn.), contained in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 2: 245 - 255." type="journal article" year="1888">Pocock, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBC62FABFFB7EB956" authority="Prendini, 2016" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2016" box="[891,1173,1350,1374]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffmackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBC62FABFFB7EB956" box="[891,1173,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides duffmackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257FC895FFF9EBBB3FABFFD03B976" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBDEAFA9EFB6FB977" authority="(Pocock, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[755,1156,1383,1407]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBDEAFA9EFC3DB977" box="[755,982,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides militaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895FFF9EBDC1FA71FB72BA80" blockId="6.[695,1226,226,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Vachon (1974) assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBCF5FA71FCBAB9C9" authority="Werner, 1916" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycheles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBCF5FA71FB23B9A8" box="[1004,1224,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinus platycheles</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBDA1FA53FCBAB9C9" author="Werner, F." box="[696,849,1449,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="79 - 97" refId="ref50139" refString="Werner, F. 1916. Ueber einige Skorpione und Gliederspinnen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wiesbaden. Jahrbucher des Nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde 69: 79 - 97." type="journal article" year="1916">Werner, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBCEEFA50FB9CB9C9" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[1015,1143,1449,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBCEEFA50FB9CB9C9" box="[1015,1143,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based solely on the count of trichobothria in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBB98FA32FB63B9EA" box="[1153,1160,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">i</emphasis>
|
||
series of the pedipalp chela.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBCDCFA12FCEABA2C" author="Lamoral, B. H. & S. C. Reynders" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="489 - 576" refId="ref48061" refString="Lamoral, B. H., and S. C. Reynders. 1975. A catalogue of the scorpions described from the Ethiopian faunal region up to December 1973. Annals of the Natal Museum 22: 489 - 576." type="journal article" year="1975">Lamoral and Reynders (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBC0AF9F4FC67BA2C" author="Fet, V." box="[787,908,1548,1572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="427 - 486" refId="ref47019" refString="Fet, V. 2000. Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 427 - 486. New York: New York Entomological Society." type="book chapter" year="2000">Fet (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBCCCF9F5FB93BA2C" author="Kovarik, F." box="[981,1144,1548,1572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="133 - 159" refId="ref47492" refString="Kovarik, F. 2003. Scorpions of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with a key and descriptions of three new species. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 67: 133 - 159." type="journal article" year="2003">Kovařík (2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBB92F9F5FB2ABA2C" author="Kovarik, F." box="[1163,1217,1548,1572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" refId="ref47534" refString="Kovarik, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clairon Production, 170 pp." type="book" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) adopted Vachon’s (1974) placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBB5CF9D7FB23BA4D" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1916" box="[1093,1224,1581,1605]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycheles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBB5CF9D7FB23BA4D" box="[1093,1224,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">P. platycheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBDCAF9B7FCA5BA6E" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[723,846,1614,1638]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBDCAF9B7FCA5BA6E" box="[723,846,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as did
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBC82F9B7FBCCBA6E" author="Rossi, A." box="[923,1063,1614,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="10 - 66" refId="ref49592" refString="Rossi, A. 2015 a. Sui sottogeneri di Pandinus Thorell, 1876 con revisione del genere Pandinurus Fet, 1997 stat. n. e descrizione di sette nuove specie e tre nuovi sottogeneri (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae). Onychium 11: 10 - 66." type="journal article" year="2015">Rossi (2015a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
when elevating the historical subgenera to the rank of genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895FFF90BDC0F969FEDABE2E" blockId="6.[695,1226,226,1771]" lastBlockId="8.[119,653,226,1053]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895FFF9EBDC0F969FC74BAA0" author="Kovarik, F." box="[729,927,1680,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" refId="ref47534" refString="Kovarik, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clairon Production, 170 pp." type="book" year="2009">Kovařík (2009: 50)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that knowing the adult male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBC55F94BFC3ABAC2" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1916" box="[844,977,1714,1738]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycheles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBC55F94BFC3ABAC2" box="[844,977,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">P. platycheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“is crucial to deciphering its relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895FFF9EBCBCF92AFB29BAE2" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[933,1218,1747,1771]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavimanus" subGenus="Pandinoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBCBCF92AFC5CBAE2" box="[933,951,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBCDCF92AFBA9BAE3" box="[965,1090,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895FFF9EBB4AF92AFB29BAE2" box="[1107,1218,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">cavimanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species that has yet another unusual expression of sexual dimorphism.” On the contrary, several obvious differences between the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BD2CFEDCFF59BD56" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycheles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BD2CFEDCFF59BD56" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">P. platycheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B648951FF90BE57FEBFFDF2BD56" author="Kovarik, F." box="[334,537,326,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" refId="ref47534" refString="Kovarik, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clairon Production, 170 pp." type="book" year="2009">Kovařík (2009: 115</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 291– 293), and the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BEBBFE91FDD8BD77" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[418,563,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavimanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BEBBFE91FDD8BD77" box="[418,563,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">P. cavimanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BD6FFE91FF26BDA9" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BD6FFE91FF26BDA9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">P. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, notably the shape and surface granulation of the carapace and pedipalp chela, clearly ally
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BD6EFE52FF0EBDEC" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycheles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BD6EFE52FF0EBDEC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">P. platycheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BEA6FE35FDCBBDEC" box="[447,544,460,484]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BEA6FE35FDCBBDEC" box="[447,544,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BD40FE34FF22BE0D" authorityName="Fet" authorityYear="1997" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BD40FE34FF22BE0D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in eastern Africa, rather than with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BFB7FDF6FEC0BE2F" authorityName=": Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[174,299,527,551]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BFB7FDF6FEC0BE2F" box="[174,299,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5A661D895EFF9FBF61F9A4FE88BAE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612739/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" startId="7.[120,206,1629,1650]" targetBox="[143,1201,224,1599]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A3695895EFF9FBF61F9A4FE88BAE0" blockId="7.[120,1226,1627,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
FIGURE 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895EFF9FBFE9F9A2FE3BBA7B" authority="Fet, 1997" authorityName="Fet" authorityYear="1997" box="[240,464,1627,1651]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBFE9F9A2FE82BA7B" box="[240,361,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895EFF9FBE69F9A2FE3BBA7B" author="Fet, V." box="[368,464,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 250" refId="ref46983" refString="Fet, V. 1997. Notes on the taxonomy of some Old World scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chactidae, Ischnuridae, Scorpionidae). Journal of Arachnology 25: 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1997">Fet, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, habitus in life.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBD6EF9A2FD46BA7B" bold="true" box="[631,685,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895EFF9FBDABF9A2FBABBA7B" authority="(Pocock, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[690,1088,1627,1651]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavimanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBDABF9A2FC75BA7B" box="[690,926,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Pandinoides cavimanus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B64895EFF9FBCB7F9A2FBD3BA7B" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[942,1080,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 255" refId="ref48340" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1888. On the African specimens of the genus Scorpio (Linn.), contained in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 2: 245 - 255." type="journal article" year="1888">Pocock, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults seized from shipment for exotic pet trade by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBC28F981FCA8BA98" bold="true" box="[817,835,1656,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
); ♀ (AMNH), imported to the United States from Tanzania (
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBE45F96FFE87BAA6" bold="true" box="[348,364,1686,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBE9BF96CFE72BAA5" bold="true" box="[386,409,1685,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895EFF9FBEB9F96FFD70BAA6" authority="Prendini, 2016" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2016" box="[416,667,1686,1710]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffmackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBEB9F96FFD70BAA6" box="[416,667,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Pandinoides duffmackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257FC895EFF9FBDBEF96FFD1DBAA5" box="[679,758,1686,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype ♂ (AMNH), imported to U.S. from Tanzania.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBFF9F94AFF11BAC3" bold="true" box="[224,250,1715,1739]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D16895EFF9FBE19F94AFD9FBAC3" authority="(Pocock, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[256,628,1715,1739]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA87895EFF9FBE19F94AFE39BAC3" box="[256,466,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Pandinoides militaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂, Tsavo, Kenya. Photos courtesy Randy Mercurio (B, C) and Corwin Trent (D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36958951FF90BF81FDC9FD91BF5B" blockId="8.[119,653,226,1053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Pending a detailed reassessment of the genera and subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BE25FDABFDF0BE62" authority=", sensu lato" box="[316,539,594,618]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BE25FDABFE74BE62" box="[316,415,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
, sensu lato
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on quantitative phylogenetic analysis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BEE9FD8AFD9ABE83" authorityName="Fet" authorityYear="1997" box="[496,625,627,651]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BEE9FD8AFD9ABE83" box="[496,625,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the three species with a marked concave depression in the retrodorsal surface of the pedipalp chela manus of the adult male, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BF60FD03FEE3BF19" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1916" box="[121,264,761,785]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycheles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BF60FD03FEE3BF19" box="[121,264,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">P. platycheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BEADFD00FDF2BF19" box="[436,537,761,785]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BEADFD00FDF2BF19" box="[436,537,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BF61FCE3FE43BF3A" authority="Rossi, 2015" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="2015" box="[120,424,794,818]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandinoriens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BF61FCE3FEE0BF3A" box="[120,267,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinoriens</emphasis>
|
||
Rossi, 2015
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BEA5FCE3FE13BF5C" authority="(Werner, 1916)" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycheles" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Pandinoriens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BEA5FCE3FDCFBF3A" box="[444,548,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BD27FCE3FF2CBF5B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinoriens</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BFC1FCC5FEA2BF5C" box="[216,329,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">platycheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B648951FF90BE41FCC5FE1BBF5C" author="Werner, F." box="[344,496,828,852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" pagination="79 - 97" refId="ref50139" refString="Werner, F. 1916. Ueber einige Skorpione und Gliederspinnen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wiesbaden. Jahrbucher des Nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde 69: 79 - 97." type="journal article" year="1916">Werner, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257FC8951FF90BD1AFCC5FD91BF5B" box="[515,634,828,852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F651E8951FF90BF81FCA4FDC7B815" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36958951FF90BF81FCA4FDC7B815" blockId="8.[119,653,226,1053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">
|
||
REMARKS: As published by Vachon (1974), the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BFF0FC86FE00BF9F" authority="" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1974" box="[233,491,895,919]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandinoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BFF0FC86FEA6BF9F" box="[233,333,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BE79FC86FE09BF9F" box="[352,482,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinoides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a nomen nudum and therefore unavailable.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B648951FF90BD0AFC58FF43BFD2" author="Fet, V." pageId="8" pageNumber="8" pagination="245 - 250" refId="ref46983" refString="Fet, V. 1997. Notes on the taxonomy of some Old World scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chactidae, Ischnuridae, Scorpionidae). Journal of Arachnology 25: 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1997">Fet (1997: 248)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E88378951FF90BE42FC3BFE61BFD2" box="[347,394,962,986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BD1EFC3BFEA8BFF3" authority="Pocock, 1888" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1888" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exitialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BD1EFC3BFF47BFF3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Scorpio exitialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B648951FF90BFABFC1AFEA8BFF3" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[178,323,995,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" pagination="245 - 255" refId="ref48340" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1888. On the African specimens of the genus Scorpio (Linn.), contained in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 2: 245 - 255." type="journal article" year="1888">Pocock, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in error.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B648951FF90BEB5FC1DFDF0BFF3" author="Fet, V." box="[428,539,995,1019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" pagination="427 - 486" refId="ref47019" refString="Fet, V. 2000. Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802. In V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758 - 1998): 427 - 486. New York: New York Entomological Society." type="book chapter" year="2000">Fet (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
corrected that to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D168951FF90BFD1FBFDFDCCB815" authority="Pocock, 1900" authorityName=", Pocock" authorityYear="1900" box="[200,551,1028,1053]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Pandinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA878951FF90BFD1FBFDFE66B814" box="[200,397,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Pandinus militaris</emphasis>
|
||
Pocock, 1900
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |