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<document id="257B76D737063353C2330F33B5F2066A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1929.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5230809" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629571717740" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yan-Li, Ren, Dong &amp; Shih, Chung-Kun" docDate="2008" docId="038B356EFF945C07FF362E5FFC1EF934" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01929p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1929 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1929.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Formosibittacus Li &amp; Ren &amp; Shih 2008, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FFB24D16FF955C06FFA12C70FFCCFFDF" masterDocTitle="Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="38" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1699077638950" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="60B6507286713996AE8C8FC8CA56A9CA">Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AFCB91E064E6D6305B1D73AEF43C976B">Li, Yan-Li</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0EE23782EE13CEC1C134F57F5EBC884">Ren, Dong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07F3F04F585D7EE8C288D53708538A1F">Shih, Chung-Kun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BC5294A1754470EF289D03E4726F6862">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A116C343C85565936A4024292E26995D">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CB57281B5875B3DA242CA18495E9FDC0">2008-11-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F0D07B143CBEAA52118F2D7555E8AB63">1929</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C338D7F3FF945C07FF362E5FFDEBFD96" box="[151,551,559,585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9D8478FF945C07FF362E5FFDEBFD96" blockId="1.[151,551,559,585]" box="[151,551,559,585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0D53314FF945C07FF362E5FFDEBFD96" bold="true" box="[151,551,559,585]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FF362E5FFDEBFD96" bold="true" box="[151,551,559,585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FF4F2E5FFE7FFD96" authority="Li &amp; Ren &amp; Shih, 2008" authorityName="Li &amp; Ren &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2008" box="[238,435,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Formosibittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FF4F2E5FFE7FFD96" bold="true" box="[238,435,559,585]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Formosibittacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265E511FF945C07FE1B2E5FFDEBFD96" box="[442,551,559,585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338D7F3FF945C07FF362E0AFD61FD4D" box="[151,685,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B9D8478FF945C07FF362E0AFD61FD4D" blockId="1.[151,685,634,658]" box="[151,685,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FF362E0AFEE7FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,299,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54993ADAFF945C07FF362E0AFF03FD4D" box="[151,207,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FE902E0AFD9DFD4E" authority="Li &amp; Ren &amp; Shih, 2008" authorityName="Li &amp; Ren &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2008" box="[305,593,634,657]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Formosibittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FE902E0AFD9DFD4E" box="[305,593,634,657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Formosibittacus macularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FDF92E0AFD61FD4D" bold="true" box="[600,685,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265E511FF945C07FDF92E0AFD61FD4D" box="[600,685,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338D7F3FF945C07FF372EB2FEF3FCDB" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9D8478FF945C07FF372EB2FEF3FCDB" blockId="1.[150,1437,706,1771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FF372EB2FEEFFD03" bold="true" box="[150,291,706,732]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name is derived from the Latin word formos- (beautiful) and
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FB252EB2FB28FD04" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1805" box="[1156,1252,706,731]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FB252EB2FB28FD04" box="[1156,1252,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Bittacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a recent genus of
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FF172E9AFEFEFCDB" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[182,306,746,772]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bittacidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338D7F3FF945C07FF642F62FC1EF934" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9D8478FF945C07FF642F62FBE6FBDC" blockId="1.[150,1437,706,1771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FF642F62FE89FCF3" bold="true" box="[197,325,786,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Antennae less than half as long as body; Sc long, beyond the fork of R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FB2C2F52FB60FCEF" attach="left" box="[1165,1196,802,816]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">4+5;</subScript>
one subcostal crossvein (Scv) between Sc and R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FE522F3DFE37FC84" attach="right" box="[499,507,845,859]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
; vein R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FDFA2F3DFDAFFC84" attach="left" box="[603,611,845,859]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
running through pterostigma, it weakly and smoothly arching before apex, lacking sharp bend; one pterostigmal cross-vein (Pcv); vein R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FC0A2F08FC7FFC59" attach="left" box="[939,947,888,902]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
joining to R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FBE52F08FB91FC59" attach="left" box="[1092,1117,888,902]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">2+3</subScript>
by three cross-veins before pterostigma; vein Rs four branches, dividing before the fork of M; vein M four branches, the fork of M
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FA222FD3FA50FC6E" attach="left" box="[1411,1436,931,945]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">3+4</subScript>
before posterior part of Kreuz der Bittaciden (r
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FD742FBEFD22FC03" attach="left" box="[725,750,974,988]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">4+5</subScript>
-m
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FCAE2FBEFCDBFC03" attach="left" box="[783,791,974,988]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
and m
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FCC92FBEFC4DFC03" attach="left" box="[872,897,974,988]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1+2</subScript>
-m
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FC032FBEFC66FC03" attach="left" box="[930,938,974,988]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">3</subScript>
cross-veins); two cross-veins between M
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and CuA; and vein 1A reaching margin of wing about level of first fork of Rs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D8478FF945C07FF642861FE15FB79" blockId="1.[150,1437,706,1771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
The new scorpion-fly can be recognized as
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FD1F2861FCF9FBF4" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[702,821,1041,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bittacidae</taxonomicName>
on the basis of characteristics of legs and forewings: right fore leg long and slender, with a single, predatory tarsal claw, the fifth tarsal segment folding back onto the fourth; wings narrow basally, broadened distally; pterostigma well developed; CuA coalesced with M basally for a short distance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D8478FF945C07FF6428C4FB5AFA18" blockId="1.[150,1437,706,1771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
Based on the forewing venation, the new genus is similar to living genus
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FB8B28C4FA9DFB11" authority="Byers 1979" authorityName="Byers" authorityYear="1979" box="[1066,1361,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Hylobittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FB8B28C4FB0CFB12" box="[1066,1216,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Hylobittacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3F989FF945C07FB6928C4FA9DFB11" author="Byers, G. W." box="[1224,1361,1204,1230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="402 - 404" refId="ref2945" refString="Byers, G. W. (1979) Hylobittacus, a New Genus of North American Bittacidae (Mecoptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 52 (2), 402 - 404." type="journal article" year="1979">Byers 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from it mainly by the following features: vein R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FC8E289CFCFBFB25" attach="left" box="[815,823,1260,1274]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
weakly and smoothly arching before apex, lacking sharp bend, three cross-veins between R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FDD52967FDB0FAFA" attach="left" box="[628,636,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FD6B2967FD2FFAFA" attach="left" box="[714,739,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">2+3</subScript>
before pterostigma. On the basis of the forewing venation, the new genus shows close similarity with fossil genera
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FCE32942FB25FA93" authority="Novokshonov 1993" authorityName="Novokshonov" authorityYear="1993" box="[834,1257,1330,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Preanabittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FCE32942FC38FA94" box="[834,1012,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Preanabittacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3F989FF945C07FC5F2942FB25FA93" author="Novokshonov, V. G." box="[1022,1257,1330,1356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="75 - 86" refId="ref3375" refString="Novokshonov, V. G. (1993) Mckenhafte (Mecoptera Bittacidae) aus dem Jura, Kreide und Palogen von Eurasien und ihre phylogenetischen Beziehungen. Russian Entomological Journal, 2 (3 - 4), 75 - 86." type="journal article" year="1993">Novokshonov 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FB582942FEA8FAAB" authority="Sukatcheva 1990" authorityName="Sukatcheva" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Sibirobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FB582942FA50FA94" box="[1273,1436,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Sibirobittacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3F989FF945C07FF36292AFEA8FAAB" author="Sukatcheva, I. D." box="[151,356,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="88 - 94" refId="ref3890" refString="Sukatcheva, I. D. (1990) Skorpionflies. Panorpida. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., ed., Latr Mesozoic Insects of Eastern Transbaikalia [Pozdnemezozoyskie nasekomye Vostochnogo Zabaykalya]. Transactions of the Plaeontological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences [Trudy Paleontologicheskogo instituta Akademii nauk SSSR], 239, 88 - 94. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1990">Sukatcheva 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FE07292AFB8EFAAB" authority="Petrulevicius &amp; Jarzembowski 2004" authorityName="Petrulevicius &amp; Jarzembowski" authorityYear="2004" box="[422,1090,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Antiquanabittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FE07292AFDB1FAAC" box="[422,637,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Antiquanabittacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3F989FF945C07FD28292AFB8EFAAB" author="Petrulevicius, J. F. &amp; Jarzembowski, E. A." box="[649,1090,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="1198 - 1201" refId="ref3531" refString="Petrulevicius, J. F. &amp; Jarzembowski, E. A. (2004) The first hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacus) from the Cretaceous of Europe. Journal of Paleontology, 78 (6), 1198 - 1201." type="journal article" year="2004">Petrulevičius &amp; Jarzembowski 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. But it can be distinguished from them by the following characters: Sc long, extending beyond the fork of R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FBE829E2FBA4FA7F" attach="left" box="[1097,1128,1426,1440]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">4+5;</subScript>
three cross-veins between R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FF0B29CDFF7EFA14" attach="left" box="[170,178,1469,1483]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FF5E29CDFEDBFA14" attach="left" box="[255,279,1469,1483]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">2+3</subScript>
before pterostigma; and M
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FDF629CDFDBDFA14" attach="left" box="[599,625,1469,1483]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">3+4</subScript>
divided before Kreuz der Bittaciden aligned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D8478FF945C07FF6429A8FC1EF934" blockId="1.[150,1437,706,1771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
At present, one living genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FD8229A8FCFDFA2D" authority="Latreille 1805" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1805" box="[547,817,1496,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FD8229A8FD4FFA2E" box="[547,643,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Bittacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3F989FF945C07FD2A29A8FCFDFA2D" author="Latreille, P." box="[651,817,1496,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" refId="ref3269" refString="Latreille, P. (1805) Histoire naturelle, gnrale et Particulire, des Crustacs et des Insectes. Paris, 1805 pp." type="book" year="1805">Latreille 1805</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and four fossil genera (
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FBF229A8FB29FA2E" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="1994" box="[1107,1253,1496,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Liaobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FBF229A8FB29FA2E" box="[1107,1253,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Liaobittacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FB5429A8FA58FA2E" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="1997" box="[1269,1428,1496,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Megabittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FB5429A8FA58FA2E" box="[1269,1428,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Megabittacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FF362A70FEF6F9C6" authorityName="Sukatcheva" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,314,1536,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Sibirobittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FF362A70FEF6F9C6" box="[151,314,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Sibirobittacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FEDB2A70FDEDF9C6" box="[378,545,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Megolbittacus</emphasis>
) have been recorded in
<collectingCountry id="F335C4E8FF945C07FC9B2A70FC4FF9C5" box="[826,899,1536,1562]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
. The new genus differs from them in one Scv, one Pcv, and three cross-veins between R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FD2D2A48FD58F999" attach="left" box="[652,660,1592,1606]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FD472A48FD33F999" attach="left" box="[742,767,1592,1606]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">2+3</subScript>
. Furthermore the new genus can be distinguished from other currently known genera by a combination of the following characters: Rs divided into four branches; one Pcv; three cross-veins connecting R
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FDCD2AFBFDB8F946" attach="left" box="[620,628,1675,1689]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1</subScript>
and Rs; M divided into M
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FC0B2AFBFC0FF946" attach="left" box="[938,963,1675,1689]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">1+2</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FBB72AFBFBFCF946" attach="left" box="[1046,1072,1675,1689]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">3+4</subScript>
, M
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FBF92AFBFBBDF946" attach="left" box="[1112,1137,1675,1689]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">3+4</subScript>
dividing before posterior part of Kreuz der Bittaciden; two cross-veins between M
<subScript id="17A6863DFF945C07FCE82AC5FC9DF91C" attach="left" box="[841,849,1717,1731]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">4</subScript>
and CuA; and 1A terminating beyond the fork of Rs. Therefore, it is reasonable to erect the new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C22FFFBFF945C07FCAA2AA1FC07F935" authorityName="Li &amp; Ren &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2008" box="[779,971,1745,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Formosibittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B956586AFF945C07FCAA2AA1FC07F935" box="[779,971,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Formosibittacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>