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<document id="C895C4B52F244AA1FA6A2FA7FC6B77D8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="816a8d34-8ace-44a0-ae2f-087469a0691e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280836" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460474429089" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saether, Ole A." docDate="2012" docId="038B2C37FF8EFFDFFF729C79FBDA1B45" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03275p019.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3275" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chironomus" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFB2544FFF9EFFCFFFE59D2CFFAD1F44" masterDocTitle="The Chironomus group (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lake Winnipeg, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698306469348" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E9109DF742693DA0DA9C5F7C62B6AA31">The Chironomus group (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lake Winnipeg, Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7AE5EBAFE8089387403EE8E1990A9E9E">Saether, Ole A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1AAE66CD7E7BE3EE06F421B659718AB7">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="241986C9AB2B9CE3E9B28CF099537F63" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280836</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038B2C37FF8EFFDFFF729C79FBDA1B45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6169931" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119515947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6169931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B2C37FF8EFFDFFF729C79FBDA1B45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B2C37FF8EFFDFFF729C79FBDA1B45" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C338CEAAFF8EFFDFFF729C79FB891D58" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF8EFFDFFF729C79FD0D1E2B" blockId="16.[151,672,341,367]" box="[151,672,341,367]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0D52A4DFF8EFFDFFF729C79FD0D1E2B" bold="true" box="[151,672,341,367]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFF729C79FD0D1E2B" bold="true" box="[151,672,341,367]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFF2A9C79FECB1E2B" ID-CoL="9G2FV" box="[207,358,341,367]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFF2A9C79FECB1E2B" bold="true" box="[207,358,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in Lake Winnipeg
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF8EFFDFFF729CB0FB891D58" blockId="16.[151,1436,412,1025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
At least 16 species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFE509CB0FD931EF0" box="[437,574,412,436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFE509CB0FD931EF0" box="[437,574,412,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group occur in Lake Winnipeg.
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFC4C9CB0FB701EF0" box="[937,1245,412,436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus" subGenus="Chironomus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFC4C9CB0FB9E1EF0" box="[937,1075,412,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chironomus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFBA69CB1FBF01EF0" box="[1091,1117,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFB889CB0FB701EF0" box="[1133,1245,412,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFAF69CB1FA311EF0" box="[1299,1436,412,436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entis" subGenus="Chironomus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFAF69CB1FA801EF0" box="[1299,1325,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFAD89CB1FAFA1EF0" box="[1341,1367,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFA829CB1FA311EF0" box="[1383,1436,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">entis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both are very common and distributed all over the lake (
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF8EFFDFFCE39C92FCEB1E92" box="[774,838,446,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,217,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1091]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Chironomus spp. in the benthic samples of Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280837/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFC1C9C93FB271E92" box="[1017,1162,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFC1C9C93FB271E92" box="[1017,1162,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are most common in the South Basin, while
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFE979CCEFE651EBD" box="[370,456,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entis">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFE979CCEFE651EBD" box="[370,456,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. entis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more common in the Narrows and in the North Basin. The remaining species of
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFA8F9CCDFF5A1D58" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFA8F9CCDFF5A1D58" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are represented by only a few specimens in the bottom samples (
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF8EFFDFFC379F28FBBE1D58" box="[978,1043,516,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,217,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1091]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Chironomus spp. in the benthic samples of Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280837/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338CEAAFF8EFFDFFF229F0AFBDA1B45" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF8EFFDFFF229F0AFBDA1B45" blockId="16.[151,1436,412,1025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFF1F9F0AFEC91D7A" box="[250,356,550,574]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFF1F9F0AFEC91D7A" box="[250,356,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54992383FF8EFFDFFE899F0BFE311D7B" box="[364,412,551,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
probably is one of two species described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF8EFFDFFC7C9F0AFB921D7A" author="Wulker" box="[921,1087,550,574]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Wulker, W. (2007) Two new Chironomus species with fluviatilis - type larvae from the near-shore sandy sediments of Lake Michigan (Diptera: Chironomidae). In: Andersen, T. (ed.) Contributions to the Systematics and Ecology of Aquatic Diptera - A Tribute to Ole A. Saether. The Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 321 - 333." type="book chapter" year="2007">Wülker (2007)</bibRefCitation>
from the near-shore sediments of Lake Michigan,
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFE979F66FDE81D25" ID-CoL="5Y747" authority="Wulker" authorityName="Wulker" box="[370,581,585,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mozleyi">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFE979F66FE471D25" box="[370,490,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. mozleyi</emphasis>
Wûlker
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFD9A9F66FC3C1D25" ID-CoL="5Y6HF" authority="Wulker. The" authorityName="Wulker. The" box="[639,913,585,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="winnelli">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFD9A9F66FD561D25" box="[639,763,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. winnelli</emphasis>
Wülker. The
</taxonomicName>
significance of the different
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFB399F65FAC81D25" ID-CoL="9G2FV" box="[1244,1381,585,609]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFB399F65FAC81D25" box="[1244,1381,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species as indicators of trophic levels is nicely demonstrated by their distribution in Lake Winnipeg. The oligotrophic
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFF729FA2FEAC1DE2" box="[151,257,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFF729FA2FEAC1DE2" box="[151,257,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54992383FF8EFFDFFEEF9FA3FE971DE3" box="[266,314,655,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
is limited to the extreme northern part of the lake which is isolated from the rest of the lake by a strong current from the outlet of the Saskatchewan River to the outlet. The mesotrophic to moderately eutrophic
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFA679F9EFF611DA8" ID-CoL="5XT9W" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entis">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFA679F9EFF611DA8" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. entis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most common in the narrows and in the north basin, while the more eutrophic
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF8EFFDFFB8A9FF9FAAF1DA8" ID-CoL="9HHRR" box="[1135,1282,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF8EFFDFFB8A9FF9FAAF1DA8" box="[1135,1282,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is among the dominant chironomids of the south basin (
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF8EFFDFFD979FDAFD121C4A" box="[626,703,758,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,217,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1091]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Chironomus spp. in the benthic samples of Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280837/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF8EFFDFFD289FDAFD701C4A" box="[717,733,758,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1440,1463]" captionTargetBox="[240,1308,211,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,193,1419]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chironomus (Chironomus) bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, second shortest lines = 26 – 50 specimens, medium long lines = 50 – 200 specimens; second longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, longest vertical lines = more than 400 specimens, 1 = first instar larvae, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280841/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF8EFFDFFD0F9FDAFD541C4A" box="[746,761,758,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1573,1596]" captionTargetBox="[319,1289,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[279,1308,195,1552]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chironomus (Chironomus) entis Shobanov. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, second shortest lines = 26 – 50 specimens, medium long lines = 50 – 200 specimens; second longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, longest vertical lines = more than 400 specimens, 1 = first instar larvae, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280843/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7</figureCitation>
) present in the same locality and especially the early instars difficult to separate. The inverse of Dyar's Rule or 0.71 is more useful in order to identify earlier instars. This rule is applicable for all examined chironomid larvae from Lake Winnipeg and is further discussed in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF8EFFDFFB199E10FA351C10" author="Saether" box="[1276,1432,828,852]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Saether, O. A. (2009) Cryptochironomus Kieffer from Lake Winnipeg, Canada, with a review of Nearctic species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 2208, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2009">Saether (2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF8EFFDFFF729E72FF731C32" author="Saether" box="[151,222,862,886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Saether, O. A. (2010 a) Cryptotendipes Lenz from Manitoba, Canada, with keys to known immatures of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 2412, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">2010a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF8EFFDFFF0E9E72FF511C32" author="Saether" box="[235,252,862,886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Saether, O. A. (2010 b) Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to known immatures of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 2726, 34 - 58." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
; 2011). The head capsule lengths of the instars of are given in
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF8EFFDFFC2B9E72FBB91C32" box="[974,1044,862,886]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[191,1419,1153,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,1076,1754]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Head capsule lengths of different instars of Chironomus (Chironomus) entis Shobanov and Chironomus bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels in Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280845/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
. For both species the variations in head capsule lengths were the median ±11–25%, and the median of one instar was 50–56% higher than the preceding instar. The variation thus is somewhat larger than in the other species examined from Lake Winnipeg and the difference between instars is slightly smaller. (57%–63% in other examined species). The larger than normal range probably is caused by the spring generation being slightly larger than the fall generation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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