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<mods:title id="8740D402E93CCD8CE0852E9F89603B1C">The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DD73154788B6C8FCF9D8993752ADE65A">Cakenberghe, Victor Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FA1904BA123A659B498F23134C7347CD">University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein, 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. &amp; AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9 A 0 E 1 AF 5 - C 248 - 4648 - 9 D 64 - 443112890346 &amp; Corresponding author: Victor. VanCakenberghe @ uantwerpen. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="373FFAA3AA5262F9151C2FD3640F0568">Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. &amp; Email: gembuguycrispin @ gmail. com &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 AE 2 F 96 F-A 138 - 419 B-B 650 - 6 DB 44 D 535 D 14 &amp; Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. &amp; Email: prescottmusaba @ yahoo. fr &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 4 C 40421 C- 1 D 84 - 4 BD 1 - A 444 - 360300 ECBEEC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4A0C76F355C24BDC1CD6D7626A5AE61">AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. &amp; Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, Republic of South Africa. &amp; Email: ernest. seamark @ africanbats. org &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 60 CA 9 A 1 - D 288 - 468 E-AEEB-D 0 F 136 E 96 F 5 B</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3D993B45B90824ED2B52A2D95FD1391">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. &amp; University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. &amp; Email: erik. verheyen @ naturalsciences. be &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 86 B 40463 - E 3 D 9 - 4147 - 9 ED 3 - D 7302 E 0 D 64 B 6</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298595A5BD820F8DBD1E7F88A" ID-CoL="54GGT" authority="(Thomas, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[577,1010,1872,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulminans">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398595A5BD820F8DBD125F88B" bold="true" box="[577,816,1872,1899]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Tadarida fulminans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098595A5BD95EF8DBD1FFF88A" author="Thomas" box="[831,1002,1872,1898]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="633 - 635" refId="ref273891" refString="Thomas O. 1903. Three new bats from the Cameroons, discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 7, 12 (72): 633 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930309487045" type="journal article" year="1903">Thomas, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B9F369198595A5BD8B5F8F8D14AF86E" blockId="69.[577,1010,1872,1934]" box="[724,863,1907,1934]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<figureCitation id="131B2A1498595A5BD8B5F8F8D132F86E" box="[724,807,1907,1934]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="70.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,304,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[225,1363,296,1885]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Fig. 32. Distribution maps. A–B. Tadarida fulminans (Thomas, 1903). C–D. Tadarida ventralis (Heuglin, 1861). E–F. Miniopterus fraterculus Thomas &amp; Schwann, 1906. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860151/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
A–B
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398595A5BDADCF825D3D6F827" box="[189,451,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Nyctinomus fulminans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098595A5BDBABF826D0A5F828" author="Thomas" box="[458,688,1965,1992]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="633 - 635" refId="ref273891" refString="Thomas O. 1903. Three new bats from the Cameroons, discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 7, 12 (72): 633 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930309487045" type="journal article" year="1903">Thomas, 1903: 501</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B954EA8398595A5BDADCF85AD2D9F80B" box="[189,204,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">*</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298595A5BDAB2F85AD111F80B" ID-CoL="54GGT" authority="(Thomas, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[211,772,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulminans" subGenus="Tadarida">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398595A5BDAB2F85AD02BF80B" box="[211,574,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Tadarida (Tadarida) fulminans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098595A5BD82CF85AD0EEF80B" author="Thomas" box="[589,763,2001,2027]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="633 - 635" refId="ref273891" refString="Thomas O. 1903. Three new bats from the Cameroons, discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 7, 12 (72): 633 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930309487045" type="journal article" year="1903">Thomas, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691985A5A58DADCF803D0D2F809" blockId="70.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B954EA83985A5A58DADCF803D335F842" bold="true" box="[189,288,1928,1954]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 32.</emphasis>
Distribution maps. 
<emphasis id="B954EA83985A5A58D843F803D04CF842" bold="true" box="[546,601,1928,1954]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A–B</emphasis>
. 
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<emphasis id="B954EA83985A5A58D811F803D14BF842" box="[624,862,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tadarida fulminans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60985A5A58D914F803D63FF843" author="Thomas" box="[885,1066,1928,1955]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="633 - 635" refId="ref273891" refString="Thomas O. 1903. Three new bats from the Cameroons, discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 7, 12 (72): 633 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930309487045" type="journal article" year="1903">Thomas, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
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. 
<emphasis id="B954EA83985A5A58DE27F803D66AF842" bold="true" box="[1094,1151,1928,1954]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C–D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12985A5A58DEF7F803D368F827" authority="(Heuglin, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B954EA83985A5A58DEF7F803D762F842" box="[1174,1399,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tadarida ventralis</emphasis>
(Heuglin, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B954EA83985A5A58DBE8F827D3A8F826" bold="true" box="[393,445,1964,1990]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">E–F</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12985A5A58DBADF826D63FF826" authority="Thomas &amp; Schwann, 1906" authorityName="Thomas &amp; Schwannn" authorityYear="1906" box="[460,1066,1964,1990]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Miniopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraterculus">
<emphasis id="B954EA83985A5A58DBADF826D0F1F826" box="[460,740,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Miniopterus fraterculus</emphasis>
Thomas &amp; Schwann, 1906
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. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33A651A985B5A59DADCFE87D6CDFDA4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9F3691985B5A59DADCFE87D6CDFDA4" blockId="71.[189,1399,267,580]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<treatmentCitation id="0A811080985B5A59DADCFE87D3CCFEC5" author="Hayman R. W. &amp; Misonne X. &amp; Verheyen W. N." box="[189,473,267,294]" page="68" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60985B5A59DADCFE87D3CCFEC5" author="Hayman" box="[189,473,267,294]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref265860" refString="Hayman R. W., Misonne X. &amp; Verheyen W. N. 1966. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi. Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen, Ser. 8, 154: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1966">
Hayman 
<emphasis id="B954EA83985B5A59DB46FE87D375FEC5" box="[295,352,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
(1966: 68
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, map 111) reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12985B5A59D8DEFE87D15BFEC5" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[703,846,267,293]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Nyctinomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulminans">
<emphasis id="B954EA83985B5A59D8DEFE87D15BFEC5" box="[703,846,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">T. fulminans</emphasis>
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from two localities: Nyakibanda (
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DEBBFE80D72BFEC6" box="[1242,1342,267,294]" name="Rwanda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
) and Rumangabo (Nord-Kivu Province). Additional specimens were collected from two further localities in 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DADCFED8D337FE8D" box="[189,290,339,365]" name="Rwanda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
: Nyanza and Rukara. On the African continent, 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12985B5A59D92DFEDFD1C9FE8D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[844,988,339,365]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Nyctinomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulminans">
<emphasis id="B954EA83985B5A59D92DFEDFD1C9FE8D" box="[844,988,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">T. fulminans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to eastern Africa, from 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DADCFEFCD31FFE71" box="[189,266,375,401]" name="Kenya" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kenya</collectingCountry>
to extreme northern 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DB9FFEFCD02EFE71" box="[510,571,375,401]" name="South Africa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">RSA</collectingCountry>
. On his distribution map, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60985B5A59D909FEFCD673FE72" author="Cotterill F. P. D." box="[872,1126,375,402]" editor="Happold D." journalOrPublisher="Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="511 - 513" refId="ref258756" refString="Cotterill F. P. D. 2013 e. Tadarida fulminans Madagascan Free-tailed Bat. In: Happold M. &amp; Happold D. (eds) Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats: 511 - 513. Bloomsbury Publishing, London." title="Tadarida fulminans Madagascan Free-tailed Bat" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Happold M" year="2013">Cotterill (2013e: 512)</bibRefCitation>
marked three areas: on the border between 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DBCBFE10D3E2FE55" box="[426,503,411,437]" name="Kenya" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59D853FE10D085FE55" box="[562,656,411,437]" name="Uganda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, in northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59D936FE10D1CDFE55" box="[855,984,411,437]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, reaching into 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DEE8FE10D731FE55" box="[1161,1316,411,437]" name="Mozambique" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
and in northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DB01FE35D3F4FE38" box="[352,481,446,472]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, reaching into 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59D8F2FE35D0E4FE38" box="[659,753,446,472]" name="Zambia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Zambia</collectingCountry>
. All other occurrences are individual localities. Based on climatic data, the SDM map indicates a potential wider occurrence in southeastern Africa and two areas in the northern part: one in northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59D8BCFD8DD109FDC0" box="[733,796,518,544]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DRC</collectingCountry>
, reaching into 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59D9ABFD8DD630FDC0" box="[970,1061,518,544]" name="Uganda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DE3EFD8DD6D7FDC0" box="[1119,1218,518,544]" name="Rwanda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
, and another in western 
<collectingCountry id="F3377601985B5A59DB41FDA1D365FDA4" box="[288,368,554,580]" name="Kenya" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, with a corridor-like connection between the latter and the southern range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>