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<document id="8C7FFE8C5CA964C6B07A1B05D99F4A05" ID-CLB-Dataset="21810" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.382" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea406606-dfbd-4121-9d8c-108041a032b4" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860077" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590591302827" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Cakenberghe, Victor Van, Tungaluna, Guy-Crispin Gembu, Akawa, Prescott Musaba, Seamark, Ernest &amp; Verheyen, Erik" docDate="2017" docId="03898787983F5A3BD847FC9AD67BFDA5" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-382.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 382" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar 1826" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFB0FFFF981C5A1EDA61FF8BD215FFE0" masterDocTitle="The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698841734290" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="93F2F4FCFC1B8ACDB4667BECDD6B983B">The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B4A21F9B82E920A72D9D3464ABCB0B0">Cakenberghe, Victor Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="74985A36042696B3D54032F0763DBF76">University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein, 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. &amp; AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9 A 0 E 1 AF 5 - C 248 - 4648 - 9 D 64 - 443112890346 &amp; Corresponding author: Victor. VanCakenberghe @ uantwerpen. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B92C942FC9E7CC89AD5F894032D50BA">Tungaluna, Guy-Crispin Gembu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E17DDD0083A057D69E4FDAE8EAC523E5">Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. &amp; Email: gembuguycrispin @ gmail. com &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 AE 2 F 96 F-A 138 - 419 B-B 650 - 6 DB 44 D 535 D 14 &amp; Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. &amp; Email: prescottmusaba @ yahoo. fr &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 4 C 40421 C- 1 D 84 - 4 BD 1 - A 444 - 360300 ECBEEC</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4E51B9CB4F64C76B8F2C2F2A9F42FDE8" type="email">gembuguycrispin@gmail.com&amp;prescottmusaba@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="743E410EA1114A5C710BAE2A425465EB">Akawa, Prescott Musaba</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30753FEA82C7CDF3806E52AFE7948BFC">Seamark, Ernest</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="13EF988365F1BC4098A7C6853CC5D3C1">AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. &amp; Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, Republic of South Africa. &amp; Email: ernest. seamark @ africanbats. org &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 60 CA 9 A 1 - D 288 - 468 E-AEEB-D 0 F 136 E 96 F 5 B</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8813259FAD0F2F1E0464B0AECCC17E89">Verheyen, Erik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="96A86DB767871F6EB1FB05EECCA398E4">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. &amp; University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. &amp; Email: erik. verheyen @ naturalsciences. be &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 86 B 40463 - E 3 D 9 - 4147 - 9 ED 3 - D 7302 E 0 D 64 B 6</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03898787983F5A3BD847FC9AD67BFDA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03898787983F5A3BD847FC9AD67BFDA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03898787983F5A3BD847FC9AD67BFDA5" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3DD847FC9AD61BFCCB" blockId="35.[550,1038,785,848]" box="[550,1038,785,812]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D0D781FD983F5A3DD847FC9AD61BFCCB" box="[550,1038,785,812]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DD847FC9AD61BFCCB" ID-CoL="4S96M" authority="Cretzschmar, 1826" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[550,1038,785,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD847FC9AD13FFCCC" bold="true" box="[550,810,785,812]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhinolophus clivosus</emphasis>
Cretzschmar, 1826
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3DD8B5FCBED14AFCB0" blockId="35.[550,1038,785,848]" box="[724,863,821,848]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="131B2A14983F5A3DD8B5FCBED130FCB0" box="[724,805,821,848]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,306,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[225,1363,298,1887]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 15. Distribution maps. AB. Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1826. CD. Rhinolophus eloquens K. Andersen, 1905. EF. Rhinolophus fumigatus Rüppell, 1842. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860115/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
AB
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3DDADCFCFBD0F0FC6A" blockId="35.[189,856,880,942]" box="[189,741,880,906]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3011BF983F5A3DDADCFCFBD0F0FC6A" box="[189,741,880,906]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDADCFCFBD2D9FC6A" box="[189,204,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">*</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A811080983F5A3DDAB2FCFBD0F4FC6A" box="[211,737,880,906]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDAB2FCFBD0F4FC6A" ID-CoL="4S96M" authority="Cretzschmar, 1826: 47" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1826" box="[211,737,880,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDAB2FCFBD3DBFC6A" box="[211,462,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhinolophus clivosus</emphasis>
Cretzschmar, 1826: 47
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3DDADCFC1FD14DFC4E" blockId="35.[189,856,880,942]" box="[189,856,915,942]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3011BF983F5A3DDADCFC1FD14DFC4E" box="[189,856,915,942]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDADCFC1FD2D9FC4E" box="[189,204,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">*</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A811080983F5A3DDAB2FC1FD141FC4E" box="[211,852,915,942]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDAB2FC1FD10CFC4E" ID-CoL="5KW9H" authority="(Andersen, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Andersen" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[211,793,915,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="clivosus" subSpecies="zuluensis">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDAB2FC1FD055FC4E" box="[211,576,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhinolophus clivosus zuluensis</emphasis>
(Andersen, 1904)
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: 383
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3DDADCFC5FD67CFAEC" blockId="35.[189,1399,980,1293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DDADCFC5FD3FEFC0E" author="Hayman" box="[189,491,980,1006]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref265860" refString="Hayman R. W., Misonne X. &amp; Verheyen W. N. 1966. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi. Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen, Ser. 8, 154: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1966">
Hayman
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDB48FC5ED370FC0E" box="[297,357,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(1966: 38)
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mention two different taxa:
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DD921FC5ED1D4FC0E" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[832,961,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD921FC5ED1D4FC0E" box="[832,961,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. clivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DD99CFC5ED6E7FC0E" baseAuthorityName="Andersen" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1021,1266,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="clivosus" subSpecies="zuluensis">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD99CFC5ED6E7FC0E" box="[1021,1266,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. clivosus zuluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the latter name is applied to specimens from the (south)western part of the
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDE63FC73D62BFBF2" box="[1026,1086,1016,1042]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DRC</collectingCountry>
(Sud-Kivu, Haut-Lomami and Haut-Katanga). However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DD845FB90D1BCFBD6" author="Bernard &amp; Happold" box="[548,937,1051,1078]" firstAuthor="Bernard" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="316 - 318" refId="ref257721" refString="Bernard R. T. F. &amp; Happold M. 2013 a. Rhinolophus clivosus Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat (Cretzschmar's Horseshoe Bat). In: Happold M. &amp; Happold D. (eds) Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats: 316 - 318. Bloomsbury Publishing, London." type="book chapter" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Bernard &amp; Happold (2013a: 316)</bibRefCitation>
mention coastal
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDE11FB90D710FBD5" box="[1136,1285,1051,1077]" name="South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">South Africa</collectingCountry>
as region for the
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDB78FBB4D390FBB9" box="[281,389,1087,1113]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zuluensis">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDB78FBB4D390FBB9" box="[281,389,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">zuluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies. They do not provide any information on the identity of the subspecies occurring in the
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDBE3FBE8D3D7FB9D" box="[386,450,1123,1149]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DRC</collectingCountry>
. Based on the boundaries set by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DD92BFBE8D6CFFB9E" author="Bernard &amp; Happold" box="[842,1242,1123,1150]" firstAuthor="Bernard" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="316 - 318" refId="ref257721" refString="Bernard R. T. F. &amp; Happold M. 2013 a. Rhinolophus clivosus Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat (Cretzschmar's Horseshoe Bat). In: Happold M. &amp; Happold D. (eds) Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats: 316 - 318. Bloomsbury Publishing, London." type="book chapter" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Bernard &amp; Happold (2013a: 316)</bibRefCitation>
, the northern specimens (from Nord- and Sud-Kivu and from
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD963FB0DD177FB40" box="[770,866,1158,1184]" name="Rwanda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD9FEFB0DD614FB41" box="[927,1025,1158,1185]" name="Burundi" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Burundi</collectingCountry>
) might possibly be assigned to
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDADCFB21D33CFB24" box="[189,297,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">keniensis</emphasis>
Hollister, 1916, and those from Haut-Lomami and Haut-Katanga to
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDE29FB20D69BFB24" box="[1096,1166,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">augur</emphasis>
K. Andersen, 1904. The subspecific assignment of the westernmost specimen (RMCA 7718 from Kisantu, Kongo Central Province) cannot be performed as no other specimens from that area are known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3DDADCFABFD32CFA76" blockId="35.[189,1398,1332,1430]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
The Rwandan locality here attributed to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DD8FDFABFD18CFAAF" author="Hayman" box="[668,921,1332,1359]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref265860" refString="Hayman R. W., Misonne X. &amp; Verheyen W. N. 1966. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi. Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen, Ser. 8, 154: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1966">
Hayman
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD966FABED157FAAE" box="[775,834,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(1966)
</bibRefCitation>
refers to three specimens from Bugoye- Kisenyi, Western Prefecture (RMCA 12265 to 12267), which were originally assigned to
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDE83FAD3D32CFA76" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDE83FAD3D320FA76" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">Rhinolophus fumigatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3DDADCFA35D758FA1B" blockId="35.[189,1399,1469,1532]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Recent research on nuclear introns by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DD804FA36D176FA38" author="Dool" box="[613,867,1469,1496]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dool" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="196 - 212" refId="ref259689" refString="Dool S. E., Puechmaille S. J., Foley N. M., Allegrini B., Bastian A., Mutumi G. L., Maluleke T. G., Odendaal L. J., Teeling E. C. &amp; Jacobs D. S. 2016. Nuclear introns outperform mitochondrial DNA in inter-specific phylogenetic reconstruction: Lessons from horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae: Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 97: 196 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.01.003" type="journal article" year="2016">
Dool
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD8C5FA35D0CEFA38" box="[676,731,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2016: 202)
</bibRefCitation>
indicates that
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDE63FA35D66EFA38" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1026,1147,1470,1496]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDE63FA35D66EFA38" box="[1026,1147,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. clivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is paraphyletic, which would suggest that some of the currently recognized subspecies might represent valid, separate species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F3691983F5A3BDADCF9A8D648FE74" blockId="35.[189,1399,1571,2028]" lastBlockId="37.[189,1399,267,404]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DDADCF9A8D3D7F9DD" author="Stoffberg" box="[189,450,1571,1597]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stoffberg" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="31946" refId="ref273541" refString="Stoffberg S., Schoeman M. C. &amp; Matthee C. A. 2012. Correlated genetic and ecological diversification in a widespread southern African horseshoe bat. PLoS One 7 (2) e 31946. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031946" type="journal article" year="2012">
Stoffberg
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDB53F9AFD378F9DD" box="[306,365,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
already found that the mtDNA control region of the southern African
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDE96F9AFD762F9DD" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1271,1399,1571,1597]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDE96F9AFD762F9DD" box="[1271,1399,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. clivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens differed considerably from that of northern populations (as much as they differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDADCF9E7D384F965" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[189,401,1643,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferrumequinum">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDADCF9E7D384F965" box="[189,401,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. ferrumequinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). They suggest to call these
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DD8B2F9E7D1E4F965" authority="Smith, 1829" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[723,1009,1643,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD8B2F9E7D14EF965" box="[723,859,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. geoffroyi</emphasis>
Smith, 1829
</taxonomicName>
. However, they also point out that it “… is not currently recognized as a separate species because the name was unidentifiable and the
<typeStatus id="549B8833983F5A3DDF53F904D770F949" box="[1330,1381,1679,1705]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
specimen apparently lost …” This was already mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DD9E7F939D6A0F92D" author="Ellerman" box="[902,1205,1714,1741]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ellerman" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref259932" refString="Ellerman J. R., Morrison-Scott T. C. S. &amp; Hayman R. W. 1953. Southern African Mammals 1758 to 1951: a Reclassification. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 113025" type="book" year="1953">
Ellerman
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD999F938D627F92C" box="[1016,1074,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(1953: 56)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DDEA1F938D2E3F910" author="Hayman" firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="277 - 295" refId="ref265677" refString="Hayman R. W. 1954. Notes on some African bats, mainly from the Belgian Congo. Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines 50 (3 - 4): 277 - 295." type="journal article" year="1954">Hayman (1954: 284)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DDB52F95DD034F910" author="Csorba" box="[307,545,1750,1776]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Csorba" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref259311" refString="Csorba G., Ujhelyi P. &amp; Thomas N. 2003. Horseshoe Bats of the World (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Alana Books, Shropshire, UK." type="book" year="2003">
Csorba
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDBECF95CD3D2F910" box="[397,455,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DD84DF95DD124F910" author="Stoffberg" box="[556,817,1750,1776]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stoffberg" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="31946" refId="ref273541" refString="Stoffberg S., Schoeman M. C. &amp; Matthee C. A. 2012. Correlated genetic and ecological diversification in a widespread southern African horseshoe bat. PLoS One 7 (2) e 31946. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031946" type="journal article" year="2012">
Stoffberg
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD8C0F95CD0CEF910" box="[673,731,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
do not provide any information that substantiates the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDB13F971D3CEF8F4" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[370,475,1786,1812]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDB13F971D3CEF8F4" box="[370,475,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">geoffroyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so we are reluctant to use this name. They also indicate that “
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDEBCF970D77FF8F4" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[1245,1386,1786,1812]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDEBCF970D77FF8F4" box="[1245,1386,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. geoffroyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” includes four subspecies:
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDB88F895D047F8D8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[489,594,1822,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDB88F895D047F8D8" box="[489,594,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">geoffroyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in western
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD8B6F895D106F8D8" box="[727,787,1822,1848]" name="South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RSA</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DD97FF895D19FF8D8" box="[798,906,1822,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zuluensis">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD97FF895D19FF8D8" box="[798,906,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">zuluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDE66F895D656F8D8" box="[1031,1091,1822,1848]" name="South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RSA</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDE2FF894D681F8D8" box="[1102,1172,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">augur</emphasis>
in central
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDF6FF895D752F8D8" box="[1294,1351,1822,1848]" name="South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RSA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDADCF8C9D324F8BC" box="[189,305,1858,1884]" name="Botswana" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Botswana</collectingCountry>
and
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDB0AF8C9D011F8BC" box="[363,516,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">zambesiensis</emphasis>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD84BF8CAD0DDF8BB" box="[554,712,1857,1883]" name="Mozambique" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD8B5F8CAD140F8BB" box="[724,853,1857,1883]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD900F8CAD1AEF8BB" box="[865,955,1857,1883]" name="Zambia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and the southeastern-most part of the
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDADCF8EED2ECF89F" box="[189,249,1893,1919]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DRC</collectingCountry>
(Sakania Territory, Haut-Katanga Province). The latter area is just southeast of the records from Haut-Katanga we report here, and seems to suggest that they do not belong to “
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DDE02F801D6F8F843" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1829" box="[1123,1261,1929,1955]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDE02F801D6F8F843" box="[1123,1261,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. geoffroyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60983F5A3DDF68F802D364F828" author="Stoffberg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stoffberg" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="31946" refId="ref273541" refString="Stoffberg S., Schoeman M. C. &amp; Matthee C. A. 2012. Correlated genetic and ecological diversification in a widespread southern African horseshoe bat. PLoS One 7 (2) e 31946. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031946" type="journal article" year="2012">
Stoffberg
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DDADCF825D2EFF827" box="[189,250,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2012: 6)
</bibRefCitation>
considered specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD8A8F826D103F827" box="[713,790,1965,1991]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kenya</collectingCountry>
to belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C204D12983F5A3DD9D9F825D62CF827" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[952,1081,1965,1991]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA83983F5A3DD9D9F825D62CF827" box="[952,1081,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. clivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which might suggest that the more northern CRB specimens (Sud- and Nord-Kivu,
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DD913F85AD1C7F80B" box="[882,978,2001,2027]" name="Burundi" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Burundi</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3377601983F5A3DDE6EF85AD664F80C" box="[1039,1137,2001,2028]" name="Rwanda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
) could be assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDADCFE87D329FEC5" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[189,316,267,293]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDADCFE87D329FEC5" box="[189,316,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R. clivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BD850FE80D171FEC5" author="Benda &amp; Vallo" box="[561,868,267,293]" firstAuthor="Benda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="69 - 96" refId="ref256872" refString="Benda P. &amp; Vallo P. 2012. New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya. Vespertilio 16: 69 - 96. Available from http: // www. ceson. org / vespertilio / 16 / 069 _ 096 _ Benda. pdf [accessed 29 Nov. 2017]." type="journal article" year="2012">Benda &amp; Vallo (2012: 83)</bibRefCitation>
indicate that all populations occurring in the savanna belt from southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BD851FEBBD07CFEAA" box="[560,617,304,330]" name="South Africa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">RSA</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BD8EDFEBAD0CCFEAB" box="[652,729,305,331]" name="Kenya" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Kenya</collectingCountry>
belong to one taxon, for which
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDE2FFEBAD681FEAA" box="[1102,1172,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">augur</emphasis>
K. Andersen, 1904 is the prior available name. However, pending further research into the systematics of the
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDE94FEDDD762FE8F" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1269,1399,341,367]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDE94FEDDD762FE8F" box="[1269,1399,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R. clivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, we tentatively retain the name
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BD8F8FEF0D10CFE74" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[665,793,378,404]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BD8F8FEF0D10CFE74" box="[665,793,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R. clivosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for all the CRB specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F661998385A3ADADCF802D053F80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860115/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[233,1353,306,1877]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8B9F369198385A3ADADCF802D053F80A" blockId="36.[189,1399,1929,2026]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398385A3ADADCF802D30DF843" bold="true" box="[189,280,1929,1955]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
Distribution maps.
<emphasis id="B954EA8398385A3ADB9FF802D020F843" bold="true" box="[510,565,1929,1955]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">AB</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298385A3AD825F802D637F843" authority="Cretzschmar, 1826" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[580,1058,1929,1955]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosus">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398385A3AD825F802D128F843" box="[580,829,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Rhinolophus clivosus</emphasis>
Cretzschmar, 1826
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B954EA8398385A3ADE4CF802D673F843" bold="true" box="[1069,1126,1929,1955]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CD</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298385A3ADE12F802D388F827" authority="K. Andersen, 1905" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eloquens">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398385A3ADE12F802D763F843" box="[1139,1398,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Rhinolophus eloquens</emphasis>
K.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098385A3ADABEF827D388F827" author="Andersen" box="[223,413,1964,1991]" firstAuthor="Andersen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="648 - 662" refId="ref256356" refString="Andersen K. 1905. A list of the species and subspecies of the genus Rhinolophus, with some notes on their geographical distribution. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 7, 16 (92): 648 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443310" type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B954EA8398385A3ADBC9F826D3C9F827" bold="true" box="[424,476,1965,1991]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">EF</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298385A3ADB8AF827D1B9F827" authority="Ruppell, 1842" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" box="[491,940,1964,1991]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398385A3ADB8AF827D0EEF827" box="[491,763,1964,1991]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Rhinolophus fumigatus</emphasis>
Rüppell, 1842
</taxonomicName>
. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F369198395A3BDADCFE36D67BFDA5" blockId="37.[189,1399,445,582]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B6098395A3BDADCFE36D3ACFE38" author="Cotterill" box="[189,441,445,472]" firstAuthor="Cotterill" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="165 - 179" refId="ref258547" refString="Cotterill F. P. D. 2002. A new species of horseshoe bat (Microchiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from southcentral Africa: with comments on its affinities and evolution, and the characterization of rhinolophid species. Journal of Zoology 256 (2): 165 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0952836902000201" type="journal article" year="2002">Cotterill (2002: 166)</bibRefCitation>
described a new closely related horseshoe bat (
<taxonomicName id="4C204D1298395A3BDE68FE36D73DFE37" authorityName="Cotterill" authorityYear="2002" box="[1033,1320,445,471]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sakejiensis">
<emphasis id="B954EA8398395A3BDE68FE36D73DFE37" box="[1033,1320,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rhinolophus sakejiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from Kavunda (
<geoCoordinate id="EE14505698395A3BDB56FE6BD389FE1C" box="[311,412,480,508]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="-11.283334">11°17 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE14505698395A3BDBC9FE6BD005FE1C" box="[424,528,480,508]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="24.35">24°21 E</geoCoordinate>
), between the Sakeji and Zambezi Rivers in Zambian Northwest Province. This locality is less than
<quantity id="4CD89B7498395A3BDB84FD8CD03AFDC1" box="[485,559,519,545]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
from the border with the
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BD902FD8CD1B6FDC1" box="[867,931,519,545]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">DRC</collectingCountry>
. It would, therefore, also be very likely that this species occurs in the
<collectingCountry id="F337760198395A3BD87AFDA7D04FFDA6" box="[539,602,556,582]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">DRC</collectingCountry>
, but it has not yet been recovered from there.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>