325 lines
39 KiB
XML
325 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="5845569B79EB1ECCD0D1B42A20BAB16A" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1656" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4676804" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617989512893" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Keable, Stephen J. & Ahyong, Shane T." docDate="2016" docId="03F7880EA51AFFDFE0381ABCFC7EFA2A" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.68.1.23-30.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 68 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1656" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cassiopea ndrosia Agassiz & Mayer 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFCEF076A518FFDCE3411C1DFFEEFFBF" masterDocTitle="First Records of the Invasive “ Upside-down Jellyfish ”, Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cassiopeidae), from Coastal Lakes of New South Wales, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698904423221" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="42E9A10CCCECD9B8077D008663F13746">First Records of the Invasive “ Upside-down Jellyfish ”, Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Cassiopeidae), from Coastal Lakes of New South Wales, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E071A4B11C8C27F74A6EDC6608055CE">Keable, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33989AC90C9FC9268D1CCB893C268747">Ahyong, Shane T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="54E10CAFD4A15E063B2311388C8DB4D9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A51DDD82B55903661779D378B471ADB7">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A7C2FDDE528277D7E72B38E28D5448D4">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="980D76E069424A7CF85A308AE1027D76">68</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F7880EA51AFFDFE0381ABCFC7EFA2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7880EA51AFFDFE0381ABCFC7EFA2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F7880EA51AFFDFE0381ABCFC7EFA2A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C3446A93A51AFFDEE0381ABCFA67F904" box="[889,1417,1696,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE13918A51AFFDEE0381ABCFA67F904" blockId="2.[889,1417,1696,1723]" box="[889,1417,1696,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="D0A98E74A51AFFDEE0381ABCFA67F904" box="[889,1417,1696,1723]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51AFFDEE0381ABCFA67F904" ID-CoL="RN9N" authority="Agassiz & Mayer, 1899" authorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" authorityYear="1899" box="[889,1417,1696,1723]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
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<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51AFFDEE0381ABCFA67F904" bold="true" box="[889,1417,1696,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51AFFDEE0381ABCFBB5F904" bold="true" box="[889,1115,1696,1723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cassiopea ndrosia</emphasis>
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Agassiz & Mayer, 1899
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3446A93A51AFFDEE7551ACBFB00F94F" box="[1044,1262,1750,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE13918A51AFFDEE7551ACBFB00F94F" blockId="2.[1044,1262,1750,1776]" box="[1044,1262,1750,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<figureCitation id="1365259DA51AFFDEE7551ACBFBB3F94F" box="[1044,1117,1750,1776]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[165,228,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[167,1467,151,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[167,1467,151,1441]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. (A–D) Cassiopea ndrosia, bd 80 mm, Lake Illawarra, AM G.18075. (E–H) Cassiopea cf. maremetens, bd 80 mm, Wallis Lake, AM G.18155.(I–L) Cassiopea maremetens, bd 110 mm, Moreton Bay, paratype, QM G.6645.A, E, I, aboral surface;B, F, J, oral surface; C, G, K, aboral view of oral arm; D, H, L, oral view of oral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4676813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4676813/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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A–D, 3A–B
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3446A93A51AFFDEE0241B18FC31F8D5" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE13918A51AFFDEE0241B18FC31F8D5" blockId="2.[869,1437,1796,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E1E36A51AFFDEE0241B18FC31F8D5" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51AFFDEE0241B18FAA0F8A5" ID-CoL="RN9N" authority="Agassiz & Mayer, 1899: 175" authorityName="Agassiz & Mayer" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1899" box="[869,1358,1796,1818]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
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<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51AFFDEE0241B18FBF0F8A6" box="[869,1054,1796,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cassiopea ndrosia</emphasis>
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||
Agassiz & Mayer, 1899: 175
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 14, figs 45, 46;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF1F09A51AFFDEE0B71B02FB35F88B" author="Stiasny, G" box="[1014,1243,1823,1845]" page="913" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" year="1934">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51AFFDEE0B71B02FB35F88B" author="Stiasny, G" box="[1014,1243,1823,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" pagination="913 - 921" refId="ref5444" refString="Stiasny, G. 1934. Ueber Cassiopea ndrosia Ag. + May. aus den australischen Gewassern. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam 36 (10) (1933): 913 - 921." type="journal article" year="1934">Stiasny, 1934: 913–921</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF1F09A51AFFDEE7A71B3DFA77F88A" author="Kramp, P" box="[1254,1433,1823,1845]" page="265" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51AFFDEE7A71B3DFA77F88A" author="Kramp, P" box="[1254,1433,1823,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 278" refId="ref5028" refString="Kramp, P. L. 1965. Some medusae (mainly Scyphomedusae) from Australian coastal waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 89: 257 - 278, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1965">Kramp, 1965: 265</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF1F09A51AFFDEE0C51B27FBBAF8EF" author="Southcott, R" box="[900,1108,1850,1872]" page="159" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51AFFDEE0C51B27FBBAF8EF" author="Southcott, R" box="[900,1108,1850,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" pagination="115 - 159" refId="ref5393" refString="Southcott, R. V. 1982. Jellyfishes (Classes Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa). In Marine invertebrates of Southern Australia. Part I, ed. S. A. Shepherd and I. M. Thomas. Adelaide: Government Printer, pp. 115 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1982">Southcott, 1982: 159</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pls. 15.3, 15.4;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF1F09A51AFFDEE7BC1B27FC35F8D5" author="Gershwin, L" page="91" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51AFFDEE7BC1B27FC35F8D5" author="Gershwin, L" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref4706" refString="Gershwin, L., W. Zeidler, and P. J. F. Davie. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Marine Biological Workshop, the Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland, ed. P. J. F. Davie, and J. A. Phillips. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Gershwin
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<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51AFFDEE6221B27FA7FF8F0" box="[1379,1425,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2010: 91
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3446A93A51AFFDFE0061B9DFDA9FC7F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE13918A51AFFDEE0061B9DFA55F86C" blockId="2.[837,1467,1920,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51AFFDEE0061B9DFBF7F827" bold="true" box="[839,1049,1920,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B363345A51AFFDEE7621B9DFA58F86C" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" location="Windang Road" municipality="Lake Illawarra" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED4FA1DDA51AFFDEE7621B9DFBA0F827" box="[1059,1102,1920,1944]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
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||
G.18074,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D58F291A51AFFDEE7F91B9DFADEF827" box="[1208,1328,1920,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
, from bottom of canal through “Jetties By The Lake Lifestyle Village” at
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<location id="8E816FC3A51AFFDEE0061BA6FC0BF86C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7880EA51AFFDFE0381ABCFC7EFA2A:8E816FC3A51AFFDEE0061BA6FC0BF86C" box="[839,997,1979,2003]" country="Australia" municipality="Lake Illawarra" name="Windang Road" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="New South Wales">Windang Road</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B85A362A51AFFDEE0AF1BA6FB67F86C" box="[1006,1161,1979,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Lake Illawarra</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="499AF7FAA51AFFDEE7D31BA6FAA2F86C" box="[1170,1356,1979,2003]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51AFFDEE6121BA6FA58F86C" box="[1363,1462,1979,2003]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF216990A51BFFDFE3381EA8FD98FCBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4676815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4676815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4676815/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" startId="3.[121,183,693,715]" targetBox="[126,1410,154,672]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BE13918A51BFFDFE3381EA8FD98FCBF" blockId="3.[119,1421,693,768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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Figure 3. Lappets, oral view.
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<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE2C61EA8FE48FD75" box="[391,422,693,714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">(A)</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE2ED1EA8FD1AFD74" authority=", Lake Illawarra" authorityName="Lake Illawarra" box="[428,756,693,715]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
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||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE2ED1EA8FDB2FD75" box="[428,604,693,714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Cassiopea ndrosia</emphasis>
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||
, Lake Illawarra
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, bd 80 mm,AM G.18075.
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||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE0A81EA8FB53FD75" box="[1001,1213,693,714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
(B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE74C1EA8FB53FD75" box="[1037,1213,693,714]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">Cassiopea ndrosia</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, bd 100 mm, Hayman Island, AM G. 13568.
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||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE2141ECDFE9BFD5A" box="[341,373,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE23A1ECDFD97FD5A" authorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie" authorityYear="2010" box="[379,633,719,741]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maremetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE23A1ECDFE31FD5A" box="[379,479,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Cassiopea</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE1461ECDFD97FD5A" box="[519,633,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">maremetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, bd 90 mm, Wallis Lake, AM G.18156.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE7421ECDFAE7FD5A" box="[1027,1289,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
(D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE76A1ECDFAE7FD5A" authorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie" authorityYear="2010" box="[1067,1289,720,741]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maremetens">Cassiopea maremetens</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, paratype, bd 110 mm, Moreton Bay, QM G6645. Scale = 5.0 mm.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE13918A51BFFDFE3381F2EFDA9FC7F" blockId="3.[119,749,819,961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B363345A51BFFDFE3381F2EFDCDFC1C" collectingDate="2013-05-08" collectionCode="AM" collectorName="M. Cameron" elevation="5" latitude="-34.526665" location="Whitsunday Passage" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="150.86473" municipality="Hayman Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Queensland">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A5FDFA51BFFDFE3381F2EFF1CFCF4" box="[121,242,819,843]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-34.526665">34°31'36"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6A5FDFA51BFFDFE3B61F2EFE6EFCF4" box="[247,384,819,843]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" precision="15" seconds="53" value="150.86473">150°51'53"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA694FDA51BFFDFE2CB1F2EFE20FCF5" box="[394,462,819,843]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<elevation id="0073DE2BA51BFFDFE2CB1F2EFE20FCF5" box="[394,462,819,843]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26AB5CCEA51BFFDFE2961F2EFDB1FCF4" box="[471,607,819,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">M. Cameron</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE01FD8A51BFFDFE1291F2EFD07FCF4" box="[616,745,819,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" value="2013-05-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA4E630A51BFFDFE1291F2EFD07FCF4" box="[616,745,819,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" value="2013-05-08">8 May 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FA1DDA51BFFDFE3361F4CFF4CFCD6" box="[119,162,849,873]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
G.18075,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D58F291A51BFFDFE25D1F4DFE74FCD7" box="[284,410,848,872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA694FDA51BFFDFE2ED1F4DFDEFFCD7" box="[428,513,848,872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
), locality data as for G.18074;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FA1DDA51BFFDFE39E1F73FEE4FC39" box="[223,266,878,902]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
G.13568,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D58F291A51BFFDFE2341F73FE1BFC39" box="[373,501,878,902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA694FDA51BFFDFE1411F73FD6DFC39" box="[512,643,878,902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="90.0">90–120 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B85A362A51BFFDFE1D21F73FF54FC1C" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Hayman Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E816FC3A51BFFDFE3831F96FE72FC1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7880EA51AFFDFE0381ABCFC7EFA2A:8E816FC3A51BFFDFE3831F96FE72FC1C" box="[194,412,907,931]" latitude="-34.526665" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="150.86473" municipality="Hayman Island" name="Whitsunday Passage" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Queensland">Whitsunday Passage</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF7FAA51BFFDFE2E51F96FDCDFC1C" box="[420,547,907,931]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A5FDFA51BFFDFE16D1F96FD90FC1C" box="[556,638,907,931]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="-20.05">20°03'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A5FDFA51BFFDFE1C21F96FD08FC1C" box="[643,742,907,931]" degrees="148" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" precision="925" value="148.88333">148°53'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, tidal flat, coll. F. A. McNeill,
|
||
<date id="FFE01FD8A51BFFDFE2F01FB4FDAAFC7F" box="[433,580,936,961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" value="1933-01">January 1933</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3446A93A51BFFDFE3381FCBFC7EFA2A" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE13918A51BFFDFE3381FCBFDC3F8C4" blockId="3.[119,751,982,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE3381FCBFF0EFC51" bold="true" box="[121,224,982,1006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The Lake Illawarra specimens, collected in 2013, conform well to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE25F1FEEFE64FBB4" box="[286,394,1011,1035]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE25F1FEEFE64FBB4" box="[286,394,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. ndrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to diagnostic characters indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE24B180CFE48FB97" author="Mayer, A" box="[266,422,1040,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="56 - 76" refId="ref5104" refString="Mayer, A. G. 1910. Medusae of the World. Volume III. The Scyphomedusae. Washington D. C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 499 - 735, pl. 56 - 76." type="book chapter" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE2F4180DFD9CFB97" author="Southcott, R" box="[437,626,1040,1064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="115 - 159" refId="ref5393" refString="Southcott, R. V. 1982. Jellyfishes (Classes Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa). In Marine invertebrates of Southern Australia. Part I, ed. S. A. Shepherd and I. M. Thomas. Adelaide: Government Printer, pp. 115 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1982">Southcott (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE1C0180DFEE9FBF9" author="Gershwin, L" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref4706" refString="Gershwin, L., W. Zeidler, and P. J. F. Davie. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Marine Biological Workshop, the Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland, ed. P. J. F. Davie, and J. A. Phillips. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gershwin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE3381833FF43FBF9" box="[121,173,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: tab. 9) and comparative specimens from Queensland (AM P.13568; originally reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE1D81856FF5DFB3F" author="Stiasny, G" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="913 - 921" refId="ref5444" refString="Stiasny, G. 1934. Ueber Cassiopea ndrosia Ag. + May. aus den australischen Gewassern. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam 36 (10) (1933): 913 - 921." type="journal article" year="1934">Stiasny, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The “pinnate” branching of the oral arms (i.e., with lateral arms opposing each other on the primary arm) is the most significant distinction from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE2A518BEFD6BFB04" authorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie" authorityYear="2010" box="[484,645,1187,1211]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maremetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE2A518BEFD6BFB04" box="[484,645,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. maremetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the lateral arms “alternate” in position along the primary arm (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365259DA51BFFDFE39B18C3FEC4FB49" box="[218,298,1246,1270]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[165,228,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[167,1467,151,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[167,1467,151,1441]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. (A–D) Cassiopea ndrosia, bd 80 mm, Lake Illawarra, AM G.18075. (E–H) Cassiopea cf. maremetens, bd 80 mm, Wallis Lake, AM G.18155.(I–L) Cassiopea maremetens, bd 110 mm, Moreton Bay, paratype, QM G.6645.A, E, I, aboral surface;B, F, J, oral surface; C, G, K, aboral view of oral arm; D, H, L, oral view of oral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4676813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4676813/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE21718C3FE28FB49" box="[342,454,1246,1270]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE21718C3FE28FB49" box="[342,454,1246,1270]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. ndrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Illawarra versus
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365259DA51BFFDFE33818E6FF24FAAC" box="[121,202,1275,1299]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[165,228,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[167,1467,151,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-183@2.[167,1467,151,1441]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. (A–D) Cassiopea ndrosia, bd 80 mm, Lake Illawarra, AM G.18075. (E–H) Cassiopea cf. maremetens, bd 80 mm, Wallis Lake, AM G.18155.(I–L) Cassiopea maremetens, bd 110 mm, Moreton Bay, paratype, QM G.6645.A, E, I, aboral surface;B, F, J, oral surface; C, G, K, aboral view of oral arm; D, H, L, oral view of oral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4676813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4676813/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE3B418E6FE7AFAAC" authorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie" authorityYear="2010" box="[245,404,1275,1299]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maremetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE3B418E6FE7AFAAC" box="[245,404,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. maremetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Additionally, the oral arms are subequally branched just distal of the midpoint of the total arm length in the material from Lake Illawarra, a condition found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE39B194EFE94FAD4" authorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie" authorityYear="2010" box="[218,378,1363,1387]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maremetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE39B194EFE94FAD4" box="[218,378,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. maremetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only on the distal extremity of the oral arms due to the arrangement of alternate branching of the proximal lateral arms. The vesicles are elongate and leafshaped, of varying size, and numerous, especially toward the centre. Numbers of these vesicles are relatively small and no longer than the width of the oral arms, however, initially giving the impression that relatively fewer vesicles are present until examined under magnification. The Lake Illawarra and Queensland (Hayman Island) specimens agree closely and correspond to the current concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE1971A46FF27F92F" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE1971A46FF27F92F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. ndrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE3BD1A64FE6DF92F" author="Mayer, A" box="[252,387,1656,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="56 - 76" refId="ref5104" refString="Mayer, A. G. 1910. Medusae of the World. Volume III. The Scyphomedusae. Washington D. C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 499 - 735, pl. 56 - 76." type="book chapter" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE2CD1A65FD81F92F" author="Gershwin, L" box="[396,623,1656,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref4706" refString="Gershwin, L., W. Zeidler, and P. J. F. Davie. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Marine Biological Workshop, the Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland, ed. P. J. F. Davie, and J. A. Phillips. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gershwin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE2B71A64FDCDF92F" box="[502,547,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE13C1A64FF3EF911" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE13C1A64FF22F911" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">Cassiopea ndrosia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
first described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51BFFDFE2F91A8BFE0EF911" box="[440,480,1686,1710]" name="Fiji" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is currently attributed a wide distribution in the central and western Pacific, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51BFFDFE3381ACDFED8F957" box="[121,310,1744,1768]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51BFFDFE21F1ACDFE2EF957" box="[350,448,1744,1768]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51BFFDFE2BA1ACCFDD6F957" box="[507,568,1745,1768]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE10B1ACDFD31F957" author="Kramp, P" box="[586,735,1744,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="257 - 278" refId="ref5028" refString="Kramp, P. L. 1965. Some medusae (mainly Scyphomedusae) from Australian coastal waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 89: 257 - 278, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1965">Kramp, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); records, however, require confirmation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE1561AF3FD06F8B9" author="Holland, B & Dawson, G" box="[535,744,1774,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="1119 - 1128" refId="ref4950" refString="Holland, B. S., M. N. Dawson, G. L. Crow, and D. K. Hofmann. 2004. Global phylogeography of Cassiopea (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae): molecular evidence for cryptic species and multiple invasions of the Hawaiian Islands. Marine Biology 145: 1119 - 1128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 004 - 1409 - 4" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51BFFDFE1561AF3FD83F8B9" box="[535,621,1774,1798]" name="Netherlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE1331AF3FD71F8B9" box="[626,671,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE3361B16FE82F89C" author="Gershwin, L" box="[119,364,1803,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref4706" refString="Gershwin, L., W. Zeidler, and P. J. F. Davie. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Marine Biological Workshop, the Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland, ed. P. J. F. Davie, and J. A. Phillips. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gershwin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE3AB1B11FEF2F89C" box="[234,284,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51BFFDFE2DE1B16FDEAF89C" box="[415,516,1803,1827]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE1501B16FD6AF89C" box="[529,644,1803,1827]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE1501B16FD6AF89C" box="[529,644,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. ndrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499AF7FAA51BFFDFE2581B35FE79F8FF" box="[281,407,1832,1856]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Torres Strait, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497988A51BFFDFE12B1B35FD06F8FF" box="[618,744,1832,1856]" name="Ghana" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Gold Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hayman Island;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE2731B5BFE24F8E1" author="Stiasny, G" box="[306,458,1862,1886]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="913 - 921" refId="ref5444" refString="Stiasny, G. 1934. Ueber Cassiopea ndrosia Ag. + May. aus den australischen Gewassern. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam 36 (10) (1933): 913 - 921." type="journal article" year="1934">Stiasny, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE2991B5BFD85F8E2" author="Kramp, P" box="[472,619,1861,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="257 - 278" refId="ref5028" refString="Kramp, P. L. 1965. Some medusae (mainly Scyphomedusae) from Australian coastal waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 89: 257 - 278, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1965">Kramp, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and South Australia (Angas Inlet;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE2351B7EFDCCF8C4" author="Southcott, R" box="[372,546,1891,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="115 - 159" refId="ref5393" refString="Southcott, R. V. 1982. Jellyfishes (Classes Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa). In Marine invertebrates of Southern Australia. Part I, ed. S. A. Shepherd and I. M. Thomas. Adelaide: Government Printer, pp. 115 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1982">Southcott, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE13918A51BFFDFE3D61B9DFBB6FC1D" blockId="3.[119,751,982,2003]" lastBlockId="3.[792,1423,819,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF44E9A51BFFDFE3D61B9DFE7CF827" author="Gershwin, L" box="[151,402,1920,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref4706" refString="Gershwin, L., W. Zeidler, and P. J. F. Davie. 2010. Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Marine Biological Workshop, the Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland, ed. P. J. F. Davie, and J. A. Phillips. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 54 (3): 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gershwin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE2481B9CFED5F827" box="[265,315,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the very close similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE39E1B83FEB8F809" box="[223,342,1950,1974]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ndrosia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE39E1B83FEB8F809" box="[223,342,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. ndrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE2D51B83FDD5F80A" authorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie" authorityYear="2010" box="[404,571,1950,1973]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maremetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE2D51B83FDD5F80A" box="[404,571,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C. maremetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the chief differences recognized in the branching of the oral arms (pinnate versus alternate), and shape and number of lappets per paramere (1–2 indistinctly lobed versus 4 square, deeply incised); we question the latter distinction below under the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE0D11F96FBBFFC1C" authorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie" authorityYear="2010" box="[912,1105,907,931]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maremetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE0D11F96FC47FC1D" box="[912,937,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE0901F91FBBFFC1C" box="[977,1105,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">maremetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE13918A51BFFDFE0791FB5FC7EFA2A" blockId="3.[792,1423,819,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The collector of the Lake Illawarra specimens noted this jellyfish started appearing and multiplying two weeks prior to the samples being obtained. Over 100 individuals were observed at this time at the same location—a small, shallow, artificial canal (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA694FDA51BFFDFE0821803FBF9FB8A" box="[963,1047,1054,1078]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 m</quantity>
|
||
wide, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CA694FDA51BFFDFE6461803FAA3FB8A" box="[1287,1357,1054,1078]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
long, less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CA694FDA51BFFDFE03C1826FC48FBED" box="[893,934,1083,1107]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
deep) within a residential village on the Lake Illawarra foreshore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1365259DA51BFFDFE0B11845FBABFBCF" box="[1008,1093,1112,1136]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[166,229,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[166,1466,151,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-107@4.[166,1466,151,1783]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. (A) Collection site for Cassiopea ndrosia from Lake Illawarra, canal through “Jetties By The Lake Lifestyle Village” looking toward lake.(B) Collection site for Cassiopea cf. maremetens from Pipers Creek, Wallis Lake, looking toward lake.(C) collection site for Cassiopea cf. maremetens from inlet on south east side of Mather Island, Wallis Lake, looking toward lake.(D) field measurement of bell diameter of c.210 mm for Cassiopea cf. maremetens from Pipers Creek, Wallis Lake. (E–F) Aggregation of Cassiopea cf. maremetens at inlet on southeast side of Mather Island, Wallis Lake from above and below water surface, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4676819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4676819/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Water temperatures measured daily within the canal for over a week while the jellyfish were present ranged from 17 to 22°C but within two months of collection, and the onset of cooler winter weather (water temperature not measured), the population disappeared (M. Cameron, pers. comm.). A check of the area in
|
||
<date id="FFE01FD8A51BFFDFE65F18F6FA62FABC" box="[1310,1420,1259,1283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" value="2014-05">May 2014</date>
|
||
and discussion with local residents living next to the canal indicates the jellyfish have not reappeared at this location. Other sites along the shoreline within Lake Illawarra were also inspected in
|
||
<date id="FFE01FD8A51BFFDFE0A9197CFBB3FAC7" box="[1000,1117,1376,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" value="2014-05">May 2014</date>
|
||
without encountering any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E429BA51BFFDFE05B1963FC67FA2A" box="[794,905,1406,1429]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Cassiopeidae" genus="Cassiopea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE50AA51BFFDFE05B1963FC67FA2A" box="[794,905,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Cassiopea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |