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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="34021" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.11027" ID-GBIF-Dataset="545777ab-b34d-4292-bbea-84d285ac62cb" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-53-171" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF953A4EFFF38A2CFFDED725FFA91765" ID-ZBK="2D4F616DFEA5431A88CA48715E9B6C7E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575137" ID-ZooBank="2D4F616DFEA5431A88CA48715E9B6C7E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2607-53-171" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Aulacus (Hymenoptera, Aulacidae) from Hokkaido, Japan" checkinTime="1482179194388" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kuroda, Keita, Kikuchi, Namiki &amp; Konishi, Kazuhiko" docDate="2016" docId="BD20D36741861452661D768418FA1C81" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 53: 171-180" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53" docPubDate="2016-12-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.11027" docTitle="Aulacus machaerophorus Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EFF61306-4EC9-4387-B841-7DC2BB562BD3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="FF953A4EFFF38A2CFFDED725FFA91765" lastPageNumber="178" masterDocId="FF953A4EFFF38A2CFFDED725FFA91765" masterDocTitle="A new species of Aulacus (Hymenoptera, Aulacidae) from Hokkaido, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1732850038729" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="EEE577859A34A61121F2325542E31DCC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D594C87699752613E3203CA510883B5C">
<mods:title id="DDC238BF3801E0B0871BD9E477BF646D">A new species of Aulacus (Hymenoptera, Aulacidae) from Hokkaido, Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B4878287AD19A81069276702F23AF6C3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="614411F515A9385A514A490D865ED3F0">
<mods:roleTerm id="F961800F7B7F482AB720927CD0E71C1E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="04EB6B23C0F42497F2C6E77E4328D2B5">Kuroda, Keita</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F2B3EA743BF214B8B3CDB1B3CF1E4C57" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-9628</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5EE60A4C69C2A1AD7E2A96FE7CA4FAF3">Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3 - 5 - 7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8566, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9B5894A54AF6A9921D8D3251AD7449E1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DCE9EA0AA559D4F7F7A640AE27DAC146">
<mods:roleTerm id="ADB8D5649FCB9FABE625CFAB5A359537">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C81A14D1EA5AA706C9937E46ABA01A54">Kikuchi, Namiki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A89C8C0EB1758FC564E8BD3188256E0">Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 - 8589, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="48F219E73660709BB53C4443CBBE0C7E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C1F2DCFEFB3E5CC72095423DFCB2417">
<mods:roleTerm id="742CF1138E381774D8FAB204F4FF5AAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1F34558CE696004556B71632D4B26AF7">Konishi, Kazuhiko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9B261FA49C637EBA4876CE2EB27B52D">Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3 - 5 - 7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8566, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7A3CD7F7FEF05B5D8BEE4A4AFC4E9348" type="email">konishi@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CE9444365C8E3870D49D2B3B19C91DA4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9C1D41F3AD40C414A9F57BED6EAB646B">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F52B603EC37F673AF6CEDAC3B70A1AEE">
<mods:date id="D194D5588F4AEC7D07768DBDF8D08844">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D27A178FFA6BD16BD593B467D7DADC53" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="607CC0B68017C03AF3FA5525C3B40533">2016-12-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D75B7855579F6F322C4B982D3B718242" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0FBCB2C4FDFA00848DCD09423978CD4B">53</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8B290001ED6E567BDCAE4F8AC753E167">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.11027</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="59B09BF67C5D24695B967B1A41C9E819">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="663503E5760057DF391F61185D6C94DF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.11027</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="36B55FE4083B693122F4C81ACD3F9C36" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-53-171</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="1E337EA81CE1B5793404ED3372723C84" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="taxonomy">
<treatment id="BD20D36741861452661D768418FA1C81" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891236" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EFF61306-4EC9-4387-B841-7DC2BB562BD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD20D36741861452661D768418FA1C81" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" scope_family="Aulacidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="492854E9786B886DCB5E35701653201F" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C5AE245D271B001D379E80CA68E359B" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="68BE216D795ACDA41D58BE63969C66E0" LSID="http://zoobank.org/EFF61306-4EC9-4387-B841-7DC2BB562BD3" authority="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi, 2016" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus" status="sp. n.">Aulacus machaerophorus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C15AB66989E0DF45653269C6B8893613" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="CE498522A97575917395232BB5604AEE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. lateral habitus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115585" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2AC6C7DF84FCBBE6219CFDCE268BC523" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 3 head, dorsal view 4 frons, frontal view 5 face, frontal view 6 head, lateral view 7 antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (3 - 6), 1.0 mm (7)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115587" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">, 3-7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4486378DB7C01DA8B9AFD8FF4284C785" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">, 8-12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5F1E182F58A630606159D2F51151B587" captionStart="Figures 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 14. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 13 fore wing 14 hind wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115592" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">, 13-14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AC09EE1272A0762678C3CF1CF58C6C27" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 15. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. setae of ovipositor on dorsal valve near apex. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115594" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">, 15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9A55AAFF47639729A721C6738664E9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="35DA77D38310005090C03DB8D308D9E6" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7AD227F0397FA3593DDDDD950AD9CF6" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
♀ &quot;
<geoCoordinate id="53099B32D58C5909FC9F0D1CDD5F7BFA" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="2.85" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="43.0475">43°2.85'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EF80A3399E81BC466C9EED5BFA9E89AA" degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="18.96" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="141.316">141°18.96'E</geoCoordinate>
, Mt. Maruyama, Chuo-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan&quot;, labelled &quot;JPN: Hokkaido, Sapporo-shi, Chuo-ku, Mt. Maruyama, 1. Aug. 2016, Keita Kuroda leg.&quot; (EUM).
<emphasis id="FF9338C282564B89451CD99F320C7C3D" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Paratypes.</emphasis>
Same location as holotype but different dates and collected by Namiki Kikuchi: 1 ♀, 27 July, 2015: 1 ♀, 10 August, 2015: 6 ♀, 31 July, 2016: 5 ♀, 1 August, 2016: 7 ♀, 2 August, 2016 (SEHU). 6 ♀, same data as holotype (3 ♀ in EUM and 3 ♀ in USNM). 6 ♀, same data as holotypes but different dates: 2 ♀, 31 July 2016: 4 ♀ (3 dried and 1 wet), 2 August 2016 (EUM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27256D53FE3DEDF8AC2F7C036B93F8C5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="description">
<paragraph id="AC2C3071F32DBEF72123AADB03E6B061" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Description of female.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBE3098B55EF220AB5B63B4E14EA9328" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Length: 4.1-6.5 mm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0EC507FB834DC54E9E993884207FDFC" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Color: Black; median portion of mandible yellowish brown; apical 1/3 to entire scape yellowish brown; apical portion of pedicel yellowish brown; trochanter yellowish brown to black; basal and apical portions of femora yellowish brown; fore tibia yellowish brown; mid tibia yellowish brown, sometimes black with basal and apical portions yellowish brown; hind tibia with basal and apical portions yellowish brown; fore and middle tarsi yellowish brown to light yellowish brown; hind tarsus yellowish brown, sometimes dark yellowish brown; wings hyaline, stigma and veins black; setae silver, setae on mandible gold.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A732BF64260215999669192E6E5C566" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
Head glossy (Figs
<figureCitation id="22D40C4A019873A5776D9A9E212928E1" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 3 head, dorsal view 4 frons, frontal view 5 face, frontal view 6 head, lateral view 7 antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (3 - 6), 1.0 mm (7)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115587" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">3-7</figureCitation>
), 0.6-0.7 times as long as wide; lower area of gena coriaceus; malar space 0.4-0.5 times as long as eye height; head length behind eye in dorsal view 0.4-0.5 times as long as eye height; lower interocular distance 1.2-1.4 times as long as eye height; posterior margin of head weakly concave in dorsal view; occiput and postocciput smooth with dense setae and punctures; temple smooth; vertex smooth, with setae and sparse punctures, coriaceus between eye and posterior ocellus; OOL:POL=1:1; frons coriaceus and sparsely punctate with setae; antennal socket situated at about lower level of eye, separated from anterior tentorial pit by its own diam
<pageBreakToken id="D1059F059539FF9DDE9EA60909742E74" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" start="start">eter</pageBreakToken>
; face densely punctate with setae and coriaceus-granulate; clypeus granulate and densely punctate with setae, with a protuberance situated at middle of apical margin; punctures on face and clypeus much stronger and denser than on temple; mandible smooth, basal area and upper half with some setae; antenna (Fig.
<figureCitation id="55A82D6D3D1635F839D009E9E6B4C2FF" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 3 head, dorsal view 4 frons, frontal view 5 face, frontal view 6 head, lateral view 7 antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (3 - 6), 1.0 mm (7)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115587" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">7</figureCitation>
) with fine hairs, 3.1-4.4 times as long as head length; pedicel 1.4-1.9 times as long as wide; 1st flagellomere 3.0-4.0 time as long as wide, 0.6-0.7 time as long as 2nd.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CE2B8131B69F79ED2D2641B4338904AA" ID-Zenodo-Dep="988359" doi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115585" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="2FC8C1DBD23EBE4AFC5516FB1CF55E21" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="02F9486F99AB885AA2B2F2D47CB8E58F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="903D980AD74D2B729B29F04C4F21DEC6" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="278ACCEC84ACF1058EDAC5F851546765" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. lateral habitus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="71FB9F8DCD2C28FBB77B27A9FA9F12C1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="988361" doi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115587" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" start="Figures 3–7" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="6AE79E12F470C615B7100E83755241AB" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B84DE15C061EFF1BE345AF6C092CD6AE" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Figures 3-7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4A2C626E140B223BC2EDD91076756E78" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="45024C249CB983D0F591B33EDF5D832D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
<emphasis id="3CD017B8E92FB1BAEE6B543776F75BDC" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">3</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis id="7F30691EF58CB8081F0EAB1BD1EB7469" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">4</emphasis>
frons, frontal view
<emphasis id="D7F6AB4146BF588AF95028022D5F7CD3" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">5</emphasis>
face, frontal view
<emphasis id="8475147878EED5ED0C8BD328CA21F417" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">6</emphasis>
head, lateral view
<emphasis id="E97165921A8E624DF0D44BE3DB49E425" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">7</emphasis>
antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="E054A03694EE6F22A20EF50DEA5F9C09" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">3-6</emphasis>
), 1.0 mm (
<emphasis id="E0330FF3247119AF5EE67CAA3775843F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">7</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="04D011E3E86E8D4BD96F89E4D5070598" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
Mesosoma glossy (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4042D4F4CFFFEE2CEA6B03443AC5F531" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">8</figureCitation>
&amp; Fig.
<figureCitation id="ABCF05866B6689D56AF89A4D65DA0973" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">10</figureCitation>
), punctate with setae; propleuron reticulate rugose along dorsal edge, antero-dorsal portion reticulate rugose, canaliculate along ventral edge; upper pronotum with subtriangular smooth area surrounded by crenulate furrows, lower pronotum with punctures and dense setae; mesoscutum transversely strigate; notauli moderately narrow and canaliculate, meeting at posterior margin of mesoscutum; scutellum transversely strigate; axillula smooth, shiny; mesopleuron canaliculated-reticulate, epicnemium smooth, with some punctures and setae; mesosternum with dense setae and punctures, reticulate rugose; metanotum smooth, anterior half with canaliculate furrow except median 1/3 with longitudinal ridges; metapleuron reticulate rugose and sparsely punctate with setae; propodeum with dorsal surface rugose and anterior 1/4 with transverse canaliculate furrow, with lateral surface and posterior surface reticulate rugose.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FD5D3809A6E4202D55B059D84CA8C395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="988363" doi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" start="Figures 8–12" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="3A75206E22F764BA27E4E347D4321F52" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="40DBAC3592E85EC2C332C1E7D5EEBFCF" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Figures 8-12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1CB4C9DF38A2F4C89F23FCFDF7BC2E9D" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="B374DF190F5AF2A718CD2312E013D444" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
<emphasis id="4C8D46F6036DC5440753390F9A364564" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">8</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis id="D27BF596BC9F6710DA4D4DDFBCB78D54" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">9</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis id="C09424684656E7D88C7A1E9B35261516" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">10</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis id="8765509DB15EA8B309952B515DD8B00B" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">11</emphasis>
hind coxa, lateral view
<emphasis id="A157AB7638D0776BF6B79370905B6493" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">12</emphasis>
ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="514506252ECC430F49B6A953ACCB2A70" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">
<pageBreakToken id="44C7D3FB69B34B413C951F61223A43FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="175" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
: Coxae setose and trans-strigate; hind coxa (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A0F149AF118DDFCD4F96AE888CBCFA2C" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="4" pageNumber="175">11</figureCitation>
) 1.9-2.3 times as long as wide, without ventral lobe and ovipositor guide; tibiae with dense setae and puncture; tarsi with dense spines and punctures; hind basitarsus 1.1-1.4 times as long as length of remaining tarsomeres combined; hind tarsal claw with a basal tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="652FC05089433E1FC22C2D13394C05D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
<pageBreakToken id="CCB36958E71E50D7369AD3E2D969AC7E" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
: Fore wing (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AA2F96811B998A8A7A5BB93D4E4ED4C5" captionStart="Figures 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 14. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 13 fore wing 14 hind wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115592" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">13</figureCitation>
) 3.1-5.1 mm long and 2.6-3.4 times as long as wide; stigma 2.3-3.8 times as long as wide, length of stigma basad
<emphasis id="BD012FA97F9E4975EB58365140F32A7E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">r</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="17CDBE81D9FAB40F8BA2E04C2F4E328C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">rs</emphasis>
1.2-1.4 times as long as length of stigma distad
<emphasis id="6BB09460586C90D193C2726265083F7A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">r</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="189BE1868138AEC5E4FC7EC0FD83D06D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">rs</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="C4236FBC5C3AF0FA1E8838EACC48DF70" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">M</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="5252588AD3CCB28F2A3C164605E15AE3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Cu</emphasis>
with distal tubular portion as long as basal nontubular portion; cell M 1.9-3.0 times as long as wide; cell 1R 1.5-1.9 times as long as wide;
<emphasis id="A9F96F67A7DCA4558057E8B416B0CFB3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Rs</emphasis>
between 1
<emphasis id="9C49097985C5B829F444DC929158B117" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">R</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="BDAFA5C8D7B149727688F07AE2C3B9D7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Rs</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="FC3EB9E7A6A4756EDA1F129785E69A74" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">M</emphasis>
1.7-2.8 times as long as
<emphasis id="461A908C7A7D8134560F0C80C5BF86B7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">M</emphasis>
between
<emphasis id="A0BEB8977B793E982DF7CBC7B8353C65" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Rs</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="A801FC7139119C62A6C662CA00DBCC36" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">M</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="8A373AD86249F16F2EFB527016B6C54A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">M+Cu</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="3CDDC3716BAF1DBA6C1A4AD83C8662AC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Methods for measurements of wing venation: a Rs between 1 R and Rs + M b M between Rs + M and M + Cu." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115583" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">1</figureCitation>
);
<emphasis id="D3A30ABB97B94F6EB11C9628174101A8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">r</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="99BFA23D163515683C25CE03D2AA770A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">rs</emphasis>
0.7-1.0 times as long as stigma width; anteriorly 2/5 and posteriorly 1/10 of 2
<emphasis id="CBE6630FF7F96BDE7BB751531040D080" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">r</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="9755A208840C9B0186272D6970F4AEB5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">m</emphasis>
distinct;
<emphasis id="50C1164113F212E3E01FD2B26652ABE8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Cu</emphasis>
curved downward; hind wing (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AC1AD3AFFCD8EAE5A95FFA681C1D3210" captionStart="Figures 13–14" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 14. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 13 fore wing 14 hind wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115592" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">14</figureCitation>
) weakly tapering toward rounded apex, 3.3-3.9 times as long as wide and with 3 hamuli;
<emphasis id="1C765D0533BE4E7D490E9812B77DBACE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">M</emphasis>
of apical portion colored.
</paragraph>
<caption id="17602C26AD48C8DFD8226844BBD29E04" ID-Zenodo-Dep="988365" doi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures13-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115592" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" start="Figures 13–14" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="03CADDE5093635AEB91F32FA820DBAAB" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="2E0EFA5B0CA323A72C62F10CA228C293" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Figures 13-14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DC7B85716FD5CD1E4F373B3D79CF011B" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="FC191E58C6C3386FC531D0CB5BDF8212" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
<emphasis id="9286C525E29FCC1FAC6D5FD915C5A5DF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">13</emphasis>
fore wing
<emphasis id="34F45190BC3965ED3699081F370D4C1C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">14</emphasis>
hind wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="ED0796009A9FEF1C70B3A962BB1CBA69" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
Metasoma glossy (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FC46FCC7338BD953B2E3B0D6FB163DB7" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">10</figureCitation>
); petiole 2.1-3.2 times as long as wide; 1st tergum smooth; 1st sternum with strong longitudinal furrows; 2nd to 5th terga coriaceus and 2nd tergite without setae and punctures, 3rd to 7th terga with sparse setae and punctures; 2nd to 5th sterna coriaceus; ovipositor 0.8-1.1 mm long and 0.2-0.3 times as long as fore wing, 1.1-1.7 times as long as hind coxa; ovipositor (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9A80AA5CE5AFBA2E2ACA01DAA5EBB6FF" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">12</figureCitation>
) strongly upcurved near apex and with some setae on dorsal valve near apex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="00475A7A3B67851BE3DB45745AC20548" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 15. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. setae of ovipositor on dorsal valve near apex. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115594" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">15</figureCitation>
); ovipositor sheath with dense short hairs; second gonocoxa with setae and punctures; apical portion of ovipositor sheath weakly enlarged and rounded.
</paragraph>
<caption id="592F85E74D3893F16492BBC628392BEB" ID-Zenodo-Dep="988367" doi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115594" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" start="Figure 15" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="B821B15765EEE8118DF1A9A94BD61005" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="3654A9259860895836AEEE9EF5DE7401" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BB7ED72DC2594D382A6576D2B2289EC2" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="2487276A0CE03E61853CB7711B2658B2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. setae of ovipositor on dorsal valve near apex. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0B0647EE83F73FF65E849EC722CD3AD" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="male">
<paragraph id="85FFFBA357A5A182C47ABBDDC4CE0FF3" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88E6242565C71E782E2A94F253D9481B" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9829CA63CB791824CBD59D8F865D8048" pageId="5" pageNumber="176" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A601C3F6090AFA3C457A3103EF963496" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD4897C549884944AC246D2B61124226" pageId="5" pageNumber="176">Japan (Hokkaido).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2667B582DE09FE7FF81FD9FE115C6246" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="2505BD8159F41696B46C49FC002A08C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">
<pageBreakToken id="C784BA01995343D6B076F4830109B662" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" start="start">Biology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01366AC93A24F515D1130B05159B1069" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">All specimens used in this study were collected on the tree trunk of a blighted broad leaf tree in a broad-leaved forest.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8860043551B4223F59C24A2000494E6E" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="30F802A466F88F81472F47A33888CF29" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD30F346FAEC781E93FE7E6AA992E57F" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">
From the Latin
<taxonomicName id="1CBC535627F8D1E480D7592DE4B32EAA" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="D15D4A1ABED3A523F04DC89FD4E1ED4D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning bearing a short sword. This new species has a short ovipositor like a short sword.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1947AC5659E086F3D154472C576628DE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C9C5AB0E66B36CECB0C5216180916F6D" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F826ABC9C41F6933E12003222289D1F4" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">This new species possesses the following peculiar features: frons without transverse carina and rugulose sculpture; axillula smooth, shiny; hind coxa without ventral lobe and ovipositor guide; ovipositor very short (0.2-0.3 times as long as fore wing); apical portion of ovipositor with some short setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51F4001D3FB425C29B4655A2438B799A" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">
In
<taxonomicName id="D1FD38AB166B0236B1DBC4D9EBD1B0B5" authorityName="Jurine" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1C9ABD9E5AA6D40B6A0F1A59272B4EC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species so far described, a Nearctic species,
<taxonomicName id="0B5AE66D0890C15EA9FD805B937198AF" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus schiffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiffi">
<emphasis id="5536317F7FBDA14C2B15245926CAEBDE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus schiffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1996 is considered to be most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="8618D5EDD8FFF99DF82541F692954074" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="B39DC72F3C2E3583522A90B2198E4A79" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They share the short ovipositor; hind coxa without projecting ventral lobe and ovipositor guide; smooth frons without transverse carina; and ovipositor with setae (Smith, personal communication). Among these characteristics, the presence or absence of setae on ovipositor has not been reported in other
<taxonomicName id="111D939F2C4AC3D2BB1B3DB0DD9190F9" authorityName="Jurine" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CDF0573BE87D78724381CF4C72A9B9B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and therefore needs further examination.
<taxonomicName id="B429ACB823FABF5C4F17E7DAC5F94A7A" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="F7A6E61BC6350D76E3AB410993C76FC4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="7FA44B0CB19DE4A798E9DA54E6298400" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus schiffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiffi">
<emphasis id="6BC66097AB64ADFECAA3ED83E32F0BF9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus schiffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of diagonal carinae on the axillula, the shorter ovipositor (ovipositor is 0.5 times as long as fore wing in
<taxonomicName id="B3C0DFCD1ED57B4C2E338049A367B7E2" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus schiffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiffi">
<emphasis id="E3B5C313F1D37AA3CA96F10CD4EE7F72" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus schiffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and wing venation (
<taxonomicName id="25C8CC146F69A84C9779E76B570B29A3" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus schiffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiffi">
<emphasis id="F64EBE44E1D5F35660F564AB50E4AF91" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus schiffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a longer discal cell, 2
<emphasis id="F89C4DB319E3DDC042EAA197D5480F2F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Rs+M</emphasis>
between the discal and submarginal cells is much shorter, and 2
<emphasis id="C7E0116618BE77ECBFC8B36FB8659F98" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">r</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="3A67FEFF91F94201F0464FF286AC5DC5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">m</emphasis>
is absent). This relationship of
<taxonomicName id="1388E0C8C7A12771130A46BAAACDD5B8" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="E598A8446B231F311839EDF6D16527C0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="524997EF4E8555DE4327DA6E067FF204" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus schiffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiffi">
<emphasis id="02A8AF6C6A3B144D808797F7BC14E16E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus schiffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is suggest close relationships of some of the fauna and flora of eastern Asia and eastern North America. For example, relationship of North American and eastern Asian species of
<taxonomicName id="C5F54CCC3678E39A84CC532A0CB871DD" class="Hexapoda" family="Tachinidae" genus="Strongylogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="565B71E34C8A17E5629368BD1C992FFC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Strongylogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="FD2A5FC54109F35130097A5F404375B2" class="Hexapoda" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D6C4E6AFD5B5389FBB1207776B1E74D7" author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" pagination="57 - 60" refId="B9" refString="Smith, DR, Naito, T, 1995. A new species of Strongylogaster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from North America. Entomological News 106 (2): 57 - 60" title="A new species of Strongylogaster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from North America." volume="106" year="1995">Smith and Naito 1995</bibRefCitation>
) and example of the flora see
<bibRefCitation id="00FEF4C95E385B8EF1EB799E3DB3A581" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13179" author="Tiffney, BH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Arnold Arboretum" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" pagination="73 - 94" refId="B14" refString="Tiffney, BH, 1985. Perspectives on the origin of the floristic similarity between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 66: 73 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13179" title="Perspectives on the origin of the floristic similarity between eastern Asia and eastern North America." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13179" volume="66" year="1985">Tiffney (1985)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0A962D1C44B4DEED36C365774EA657E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">
Other Palaearctic species have rugulose frons with transverse carina judging from figures in
<bibRefCitation id="AB0C1E6D09477ACD45169D9E97C0598F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.587.7207" author="Chen, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" pagination="77 - 124" refId="B1" refString="Chen, H, Turrisi, GF, Xu, Z, 2016. A revision of the Chinese Aulacidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea). ZooKeys 587: 77 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.587.7207" title="A revision of the Chinese Aulacidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.587.7207" volume="587" year="2016">Chen et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="368B9AB979613F9CE557562B65448D54" author="Sundukov, YN" journalOrPublisher="Euroasian Entomological Journal" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" pagination="107 - 118" refId="B13" refString="Sundukov, YN, Lelej, AS, 2015. Review of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) in the Russian Far East. Euroasian Entomological Journal 14 (2): 107 - 118" title="Review of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) in the Russian Far East." volume="14" year="2015">Sundukov and Lelej (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. On the other hand, Australian and Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="36DAE44BEABD6534C207DA89700EA484" authorityName="Jurine" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22F85E82AB5EE2873AD8F06E211014DF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="177">Aulacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have the frons with or without transverse carinae
<pageBreakToken id="F504BABE13E4F6B0DFC3CF9233B170A0" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
the hind coxa with or without a ventral lobe and ovipositor guide (
<bibRefCitation id="578B3BAD415975557F77EC82598E2E35" author="Jennings, JT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" pagination="13 - 21" refId="B6" refString="Jennings, JT, Austin, AD, Stevens, NB, 2004. Species of the genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) endemic to South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 128 (1): 13 - 21" title="Species of the genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) endemic to South Australia." volume="128" year="2004">Jennings et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CD0313BD1FA245C891B6BD283B364FE8" author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" pagination="267 - 355" refId="B12" refString="Smith, DR, 2008. Aulacidae of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America (Hymenoptera). Beitraege zur Entomologie 58: 267 - 355" title="Aulacidae of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America (Hymenoptera)." volume="58" year="2008">Smith 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6BF119E6CF8366FC3B96367B290EAD7" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">This new species can be distinguished from two Japanese species by the following key.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19BE8AB706336B9D64878B15A28B8262" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" type="key to japanese species – females">
<paragraph id="6340F4E057F47E08D34BF84D6C259259" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Key to Japanese species - females</paragraph>
<paragraph id="371DA97FB1D674ED6BEB87A101FE4557" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<table id="E0DDF31604A2CCDB0AE7E136436FA831" inLine="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<tr id="CC9EC677684625A592EEEC3A853484DE" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<td id="CBF929DCE19CE277E03441CE5A1ABF24" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td id="A6965734055A3F64E3BF1409D26F639E" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">
Frons without transverse carina, smooth (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2F84215690922F5E1369987411810A7B" captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 3 head, dorsal view 4 frons, frontal view 5 face, frontal view 6 head, lateral view 7 antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (3 - 6), 1.0 mm (7)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115587" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">5</figureCitation>
); axillula smooth (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9065DC3EEB9FB9A02453F203412BDE52" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">10</figureCitation>
); fore wing with anterior part of 2
<emphasis id="179368E9096EF710CE7CC3CF6220E999" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">r-m</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="9F023EA042CFCE17732591B5A58E81DE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Methods for measurements of wing venation: a Rs between 1 R and Rs + M b M between Rs + M and M + Cu." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115583" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">1</figureCitation>
); hind coxa without ventral lobe and ovipositor guide (Fig.
<figureCitation id="62D0FDB3788B3673A64DBD65D70CED00" captionStart="Figures 8–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 8 - 12. Aulacus machaerophorus sp. n. 8 mesosoma, lateral view 9 metasoma, dorsal view 10 mesosoma, dorsal view 11 hind coxa, lateral view 12 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.11027.figures8-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115589" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">11</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="B4DDC92A124894A207BEBD23A9518BA6" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="10F33B9C80D9383DA9AAD21522106AB2" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="121C30D4F68FEC7ACA958F13F500A981" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Kikuchi &amp; Konishi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus machaerophorus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machaerophorus">
<emphasis id="1B0ECD1C71C0520F5BA041E421E29442" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Aulacus machaerophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6E2CE79541626F664D2C4101525B698B" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<td id="56B6EAF90670B30699B9A3AC00872DFE" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="81A1FADF19FC0340603478A9F645BCF7" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">
Frons with transverse carinae, rugulose-foveolate or rugulose; axillula reticulate rugose; fore wing without anterior part of 2
<emphasis id="483E952CE61484718259E900355DCB48" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">r-m</emphasis>
; hind coxa with ventral lobe
</td>
<td id="20FB850B2B8E097584D108F5F5008434" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="768C255434A5BBF34F5F188CED789593" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FA90B0196A7BBFB66EEEBC2C2A83311D" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<td id="D67FED21BD7FF26B73C2673BA7AB4B6C" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td id="2F53AD7B63A1E99459060A0A306AB07F" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">Ovipositor 0.6-0.9 times as long as fore wing length; frons less extensively sculptured and weakly rugulose-foveolate</td>
<td id="072007FEA77D88889315EE88276F3D87" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="4D92C5DD0BF6352F71039033FD3FB0E0" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="2A8428C04B6889A12CACF8199BBACBD6" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus uchidai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uchidai">
<emphasis id="E7B36F2069DD8434B2A6E05A4027D617" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Aulacus uchidai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Turrisi &amp; Konishi
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DCA232660C58BDE7DA87827AB6027F92" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<td id="64BD0BC675DE2024EA13F3275915870F" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="1AA528C0199BF12FF972628E99C8F508" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">Ovipositor 0.4 times as long as fore wing length; frons rugulose</td>
<td id="9C8207E457071AEB879EC56D366E0717" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="E1E50C8DFD4B502C6555BB439F5E48C6" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="1F214A8C40066414B07D1AABB828437F" authorityName="Konishi" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus japonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="F36F4DE4A560E74D4108E3DBA829BF08" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Aulacus japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Konishi
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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