119 lines
16 KiB
XML
119 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="F8D93CDBC30E4F26A413BE5C7B5DF804" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05cf8bc8-3441-451f-ad9f-378f70965994" ModsDocID="z00632p001" checkinTime="1246974838469" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Carlos David de Santana & Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo" docDate="2004" docId="60713A5C865E0BDCB89DF32B7E05102B" docLanguage="en" docName="2004_de_Santana_Maldonado-Ocampo_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 632" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC37F2CB-1F0D-45D6-9651-1B63DA174B60" docTitle="Apteronotus Lacepede" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="C3B333F286648E771AF699D7F8F464D4" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Apteronotus mariae (Eigenmann & Fisher, 1914) and the taxonomic status of Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler, 1944) (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae)." masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1701314026839" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB1EDE542C98FC6768CA4525C151ACC6">
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<mods:title id="77531C2361B4F399B172264290D3B402">Redescription of Apteronotus mariae (Eigenmann & Fisher, 1914) and the taxonomic status of Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler, 1944) (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4537E0A3CDC3077180BE180C57FB820A">Carlos David de Santana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="58E0CDEFFA51AD9E4A17F227F6D0D27E">Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="78AC2396468551F4E223E616112F7C5E">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="60713A5C865E0BDCB89DF32B7E05102B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6270866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6270866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60713A5C865E0BDCB89DF32B7E05102B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60713A5C865E0BDCB89DF32B7E05102B" lastPageNumber="2" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="064E424CBA220462F9AE7DCA1EC55AE2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E5BACFE5DB1C1A08568EE5DAB8682F57">
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[[ Genus
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<taxonomicName id="FAA2A27C6A93DA2D61A769D5B4A9ABC7" ID-CoL="ZDK" ID-ENA="36672" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus Lacepede</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0CD4562E80A1C99B2DC88A32BF42F65C" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3A46DF0C0211651E2C7E60AF467D817D" lastPageNumber="2" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E0AE65B956DCA6C0823393877AD23746" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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Apteronotus
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<normalizedToken id="6374CA7FEE34A4CAED2BC9A0BA9DC141" originalValue="Lacépède">Lacepede</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the most diverse genus in Apteronotidae (Mago-Leccia, 1994; Albert & Campos-da-Paz, 1998; Campos-da-Paz, 1999; Albert, 2001; Albert, 2003; de Santana, 2003; de Santana et al., 2004). Albert (2003) lists 16 nominal species of
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<taxonomicName id="8AF653D51D201F6A9C4CC4AC96EB6147" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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. De Santana (2003) and de Santana et al. (2004) described two more species, bringing the total number of species to 18. In earlier papers, Albert & Campos-da-Paz (1998) and Albert (2001) divided
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<taxonomicName id="7A1A4D5A24B5121792C3863FDE55109C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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into a putatively monophyletic
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<taxonomicName id="773C9C466CD99DA4757824D95AF3DA3E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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“sensu stricto” clade differing from previous concepts of
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<taxonomicName id="056D8E4B40A2E006DF5535E23061A567" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apterontous</taxonomicName>
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(e.g., Mago-Leccia 1994), and several additional species of
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<taxonomicName id="0B0467EF99468ED49965F19C06DAE544" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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“sensu lato” whose phylogenetic relationships are unclear. This division was, however, not maintained in the catalog of alpha-taxonomy presented by Albert (2003) where both
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<taxonomicName id="02867755C49C697753C276067065E2DD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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“sensu stricto” and “sensu lato” are combined. In this paper our references to
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<taxonomicName id="72E3B07DF436D80CBC5ECDBA35169635" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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forthwith refer only to
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<taxonomicName id="2BFF17F8020D4BFD10979FB67366439D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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“sensu stricto”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="049A810FF7C0374D86A9AD20C19B523A" pageNumber="2">
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Currently, eight endemic species of
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<taxonomicName id="1686645D2567AF9D2BE981FBBD4510BC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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are known from the Trans-Andean region (de Santana, 2002; de Santana et al., 2004). This group is notorious for having the most varied phenotypes in the family Apteronotidae (Alves-Gomes, 1997; de Santana, 2002) and for having many cases of secondary sexual dimorphism in head shape (de Santana, 2002; de Santana, 2003; de Santana et al., 2004). They are known to inhabit both floodplain and terra firme streams and rivers, and to prey on small insects and fishes (Ellis, 1913; Crampton, 1998; Albert, 2003). As in most genera of Neotropical electric fishes, the alpha-taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="B62FD3E1D4FC11D814E0FDCCB5D45D52" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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is still poorly understood (Albert et al., 1999; Campos-daPaz, 1999; de Santana, 2002; 2003). However, intensive taxonomic work is ongoing on the genus (e.g., de Santana, 2002; de Santana, 2003; de Santana et al., 2004). Continuing the taxonomic study on the Colombia Trans-Andean Apteronotidae, a detailed re-examination was made of two poorly known nominal gymnotiform species
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<taxonomicName id="A27ED180E7593BA1FC2D99405F3965C8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A14A17F-0BBC-46D2-AFCB-F6AD3FAD7E62" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchus mariae Eigenmann & Fisher 1914:236" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">Sternarchus mariae Eigenmann& Fisher</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2A088CF9E7C12F70AD488DB4B9A2F4DF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2C4B14DC-4F06-4AC7-A6AF-E942C78FF637" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchus jurubidae Fowler 1944:242" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurubidae">Sternarchus jurubidae Fowler</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42964E56630C385ED81143C19B4901D6" pageNumber="2">
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Eigenmann & Fisher (1914) described
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<taxonomicName id="D00111C98F5AE2AD2A31ADB18952772C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A14A17F-0BBC-46D2-AFCB-F6AD3FAD7E62" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchus mariae Eigenmann & Fisher 1914:236" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">S. mariae</taxonomicName>
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from the Rio Magdalena Basin at Giradort and Apulo, Colombia.
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<taxonomicName id="976119FF915E5DFECB5A72F0CCC5658C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2C4B14DC-4F06-4AC7-A6AF-E942C78FF637" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchus jurubidae Fowler 1944:242" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurubidae">S. jurubidae</taxonomicName>
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was later described by Fowler (1944) from the Rio
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<normalizedToken id="9B8DFDE4EC431E3F994B116BF09517F9" originalValue="Jurubidá">Jurubida</normalizedToken>
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at
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<normalizedToken id="DFF4F6E7E919D049C0B959E515C1BE27" originalValue="Nuquí">Nuqui</normalizedToken>
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, also in Colombia. Albert & Campos-da-Paz (1998) and Albert (2001) recently included these two species in
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<taxonomicName id="CEC9749F02E2F73A9000EC42CA81A206" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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. The species were included in the “
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<taxonomicName id="BF7E3AF6A42DC774A0AB98C251901D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons species-group</taxonomicName>
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.” Albert & Campos-da-Paz (1998) and Albert (2001) suggested that
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B8FBEC3431462B4D3CB368684C59C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurubidae">A. jurubidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D7E13CB929ED65E4E54D6522CC3C7F47" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spurrellii">A. spurrellii (Regan)</taxonomicName>
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, not treated in the present work, could represent synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="53C96B1F75CD8A73FDB3ABD5B2627416" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">A. mariae</taxonomicName>
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. However, de Santana (2002, 2003) presented a dichotomous key in which both
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<taxonomicName id="B94E9D8A1E483AFC23392F7D3F011AA6" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">A. mariae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FD144D630D04A56B235BD021092EC86C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurubidae">A. jurubidae</taxonomicName>
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were distinguished from each other and from other members of
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<taxonomicName id="A6DDF0BB9600F2E90760459A91C781B2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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, and Albert (2003) listed
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<taxonomicName id="E6536D9ADC3A1ED4C9A9CF7D8743FCBF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurubidae">A. jurubidae</taxonomicName>
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as a valid species. In the present work we provide a redescription of
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<taxonomicName id="B02A3FC1EFE8B36649E3F1F3E19A0D40" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">A. mariae</taxonomicName>
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, and investigate the specific status of
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<taxonomicName id="A08CD5E7334F4111DCF96493033EECDD" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurubidae">A. jurubidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |