245 lines
28 KiB
XML
245 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="25143" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c489096b-11b5-48b9-bd0b-b08af903a201" ID-PMC="PMC6821834" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-134-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" ID-PubMed="31686954" ModsDocID="1314-2003-134-1" checkinTime="1571900138529" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Aguilar, Reinaldo & Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2019" docId="5FE769BF14B05418B4D5ED9739AE500C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 134: 1-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 134" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" docTitle="Virola megacarpa A. H. Gentry." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732937537851" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C14E7D678033EB5B252ECA5C046B9522">
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<mods:title id="85BB9C57DC77D43DD5A449F166206595">A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4483DDDF977E876DD3084173B926669A">Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2309ABEF0E3C8FB212EE200AAA36D975">Aguilar, Reinaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2A04DBBB75FD9AC59559EDB381303E5">Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BF8F911AD41B72FF58529AC928537D2D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="58F6760B400CC828C36F3C125316C834">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="865D2B2E77A0F8703E36B90FAD25778D">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1B634DC1D1349775BD862B86DE2DABA7">134</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BD066B0BD79DDDC0D4AA674F19627072">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5F8565A7BDEBB2245B964ECA5B347F62">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="36D38D1F28DBC182D220F982EFE2C9A4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5FE769BF14B05418B4D5ED9739AE500C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159834617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5FE769BF14B05418B4D5ED9739AE500C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FE769BF14B05418B4D5ED9739AE500C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Myristicaceae">
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<subSubSection id="4E4370489958B7D41A20AD79522376C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="86E12C576AA25A1DB8381984324762C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="F1FFEF8DDDE4A1BBC78A38357BB9E836" ID-CoL="7G5K9" LSID="5FE769BF-14B0-5418-B4D5-ED9739AE500C" authority="A. H. Gentry." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">Virola megacarpa A. H. Gentry.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="1E3AFB1A63CE47B4FEA6989FAE0B2B90" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A. Virola megacarpa A branch with fruits, both leaf blade surfaces shown B fruit. Virola nobilis from Barro Colorado C lower trunk and buttress D branch with fruits, leaf blades on both surfaces E pistillate flowers F staminate flower and bud G fruits. Photos by Carmen Galdames (A, B), Rolando Perez (C, D, G), Steven Paton (E, F); all photos from https: // stricollections. org / portal / index. php." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349102" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure20">Fig. 20A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="174E0B61D9C0870977D427E31C7933E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="541624D43D99E3363FA3557E3E320A2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="CCA32882EBD583DCF0060F1F1ED17F6B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">Virola megacarpa</taxonomicName>
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A. H. Gentry. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62(2): 474. 1975. Type. Panama.
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<normalizedToken id="0FEABCB99E94928578996AC290D287EA" originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
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: Santa Rita Ridge, 23 Mar 1972 [fr], [
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<emphasis id="802B5BF7B7672A33925A287B32028D00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. H</emphasis>
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.]
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<emphasis id="C5AA378EBB46CB3C2CEEE704B4476A47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry &</emphasis>
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[J. D.]
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<emphasis id="73F672BE2D9CBEE23D3209D66E427000" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dwyer 4804</emphasis>
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(holotype: MO!; isotypes: BM!*, MEXU!*, WIS!*).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B855F5354DED50C92701B21A70D1AAC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="07A41893409049DA4EA31C022915BFA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="09DD50A5B29C5380CDB42F5568C3A38C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="25026F7AA84770D3909D76B096E0826A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
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<emphasis id="9C417E118ACCD2498AB2631D883B3841" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola megacarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognised by its large and oblong leaf blades (20.3-37
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<normalizedToken id="C0389920C0A46AFECACE1C888B8E4100" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-13 cm) with numerous [(32-) 40-50 per side], dense lateral veins and a densely pubescent abaxial surface with dark brown to ferruginous dendritic trichomes (
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<figureCitation id="56CC9EB22F9DDBA7C671E48C067563BC" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
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). It is also the species with the largest fruits (4-5.7
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<normalizedToken id="A8CC4851E75136EB77E377B68C68568A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-2.9 cm) in the region and likely the genus; these are also densely pubescent with an acuminate to rostrate apex (
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<figureCitation id="DCC269AFA505142CB570AAF9A5BA619D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4P</figureCitation>
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) and thick pericarp (3-6 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8F558B1C60B3671CB5EA86C1E0ADE3D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B0582D194B41BD4F853DAC92B288CDC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6F968C5837EC2904A52BE56182B8DAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="7E6B421A60A46C73FF5DECCEC8485EE2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
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<emphasis id="9A660DD5554A1DBC68DF554F96C46E1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola megacarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from Panama (
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<normalizedToken id="98989C9E01234A94C7F75B30A582B4AB" originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="8E12CCCF9B260F6A5260A3845C153C0A" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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, San Blas and Veraguas) (
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<figureCitation id="571801E7C51F497FCA3481CEB57FDF0B" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Geographic distribution of Virola koschnyi (A), V. laevigata (B), V. megacarpa (C), V. montana (D), V. multiflora (E) and V. nobilis (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349100" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure18">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
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) from 50-550 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E83564B9EF910796361EF1535648008D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is attributed to Colombia in
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<bibRefCitation id="FE2F77732712569644A218254A5DBE05" author="Cogollo, A" editor="Idarraga-Piedrahita, A" journalOrPublisher="Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="641 - 644" refId="B13" refString="Cogollo, A, 2011. Myristicaceae. In: Idarraga-Piedrahita, A, Ortiz, RDC, Callejas Posada, R, Merello, M, Eds., Flora de Antioquia: Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares, Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 2: 641 - 644" title="Myristicaceae." volume="2" volumeTitle="Flora de Antioquia: Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares, Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia." year="2011">Cogollo (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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, based on the specimen
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<emphasis id="EB5EF4DCF374D994ACD76E08163B226D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Brand 1252</emphasis>
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(JAUM!*; fr). It is also mentioned as occurring in Colombia in
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<bibRefCitation id="AE76327D166C6634FBC33D33101241DA" author="Gradstein, SR" journalOrPublisher="Lankesteriana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co" refId="B34" refString="Gradstein, SR, 2016. Virola. In: Bernal R, Gradstein SR, Celis M (Eds) Catalogo de plantas y liquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co" title="Virola. In: Bernal R, Gradstein SR, Celis M (Eds) Catalogo de plantas y liquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota." url="http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co" year="2016">Gradstein (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="720598E81EA0DE9698F965DE4D60B9D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0398" author="Ulloa Ulloa, C" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1614 - 1617" refId="B106" refString="Ulloa Ulloa, C, Acevedo-Rodriguez, P, Beck, S, Belgrano, MJ, Bernal, R, Berry, PE, Brako, L, Celis, M, Davidse, G, Forzza, RC, Gradstein, SR, Hokche, O, Leon, B, Leon-Yanez, S, Magill, RE, Neill, DA, Nee, M, Raven, PH, Stimmel, H, Strong, MT, Villasenor, JL, Zarucchi, JL, Zuloaga, FO, Jorgensen, PM, 2017. An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas. Science 358 (6370): 1614 - 1617, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0398" title="An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas." url="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0398" volume="358" year="2017">Ulloa Ulloa et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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, though these references do not mention a voucher specimen (likely they refer back to the same specimen cited by
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<bibRefCitation id="5062B3850A6EFA14066EF09C0A4615B7" author="Cogollo, A" editor="Idarraga-Piedrahita, A" journalOrPublisher="Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="641 - 644" refId="B13" refString="Cogollo, A, 2011. Myristicaceae. In: Idarraga-Piedrahita, A, Ortiz, RDC, Callejas Posada, R, Merello, M, Eds., Flora de Antioquia: Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares, Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 2: 641 - 644" title="Myristicaceae." volume="2" volumeTitle="Flora de Antioquia: Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares, Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia." year="2011">Cogollo [2011]</bibRefCitation>
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). The first author has seen a digital image of this specimen (
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<emphasis id="B78C0E7F1646B55C58BFA9FCA9BB5EE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Brand 1252</emphasis>
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, JAUM) and it appears that the leaf undersurface and fruits are scarcely pubescent, as well as smaller. This specimen clearly corresponds to a species of the group
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<taxonomicName id="88D233D00067B7B0B652E6A91BF4F165" genus="Surinamenses" lsidName="Surinamenses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Surinamenses</taxonomicName>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="FF0B22C99F9C37E80924AE7D2196BBC8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B90" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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and not
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<taxonomicName id="29F0ABB1AD50E67CAD2C24FD69079D79" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
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<emphasis id="AFCF135E2DEEE3EC145B929534F52396" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. For that reason,
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<taxonomicName id="A2362ABF9EBFDC494672C06ECB355E33" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
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<emphasis id="B681F93E6D0BD3A84FED000115B002C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is considered restricted to Mesoamerica.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="36B3B57DE9E452EDECD5D7C52200BA2C" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349102" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
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<paragraph id="5C26D89BA896E47E1CA4B5C77E9F2146" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="7755C7608B1461A6DD05A3B9F5E857DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 20.</emphasis>
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A.
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<taxonomicName id="BE3944AE9CBE94B4EE06F8EDEFE21E64" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
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<emphasis id="58AF026000F997FB99C6B42C87445F08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola megacarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="13BF79B129D8D2ED625B2E6F0E6C08F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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branch with fruits, both leaf blade surfaces shown
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<emphasis id="92F3CC68A6C07EC1585FDF15747BDCF1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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fruit.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3062A6F63D1014DD9E3486DECB55C71B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0FB11FC7DADEA385B8851509CC5C0C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Barro Colorado
|
||
<emphasis id="477A65763299A1E98B0B9A42EE3CFBB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lower trunk and buttress
|
||
<emphasis id="1B9A16BBEFF17FB0540FEC62A0DBE0A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
branch with fruits, leaf blades on both surfaces
|
||
<emphasis id="CDF6F522152DC272FD2516D5675A0558" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
pistillate flowers
|
||
<emphasis id="EABC7A6124A6A0FC4E6AE7DF6E0B57A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
staminate flower and bud
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A661960EFF27A730655A5923BF5FF0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
fruits. Photos by Carmen Galdames (
|
||
<emphasis id="A23A7EF5BB4762D988F49FDBC3718052" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), Rolando
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BE3BBD644740C6BF36928F80C5F20354" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="07B15F062959718A2EB987A469CD3CBA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D, G</emphasis>
|
||
), Steven Paton (
|
||
<emphasis id="B616704666F8F5582E382F139EC48942" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
); all photos from https://stricollections.org/portal/index.php.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8762501F4992B6121712E2D548A83F56" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph id="9EA1328B7FC876B3AB0B1A34738846F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A6E41D016FEEA2913B8801934CEB59D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D740422602B06E87B7090FB0384C2033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="826FBB428C3DB55CDE1D64CC313FA274" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4DDB680AD36AC851A4FA826F7EFAA98F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The only observed herbarium specimen with flowers (these staminate) was collected in August. Fruits were collected in February and March and August to November.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AB93B2F0B0D8E96115227C09D23664A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D80893C25D19A62EE02DA070853FD9CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Field characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="407D39E038361658EAC9FF8FA67B02B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plants are trees 12-30 m tall and 21.5-53 cm DBH. Damaged bark releases exudate that is red or that oxidises reddish-brown. Flowers have pale yellow perianth. Fruits are densely pubescent with brown trichomes and a red aril.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="82E78C25EEC5A4DCBBD066476A03FF93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B5BAE0602E1F4CFEE653617D44764C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2B567A170AB6A09F930D07AF4F8E198" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Vegetatively,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4709FD394F6495DAA9F36BD29D3DB283" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="693184C7BF1F9E90F838A808F6B90577" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola megacarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="670DAFCE8F28EE8977037C2718970E4E" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B2F54FC911BA557C41869206B75B873" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some specimens have been identified as the latter (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis id="3F268AF71FECC1D6584C7D1D2408CEBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7917</emphasis>
|
||
, MO). Both species share leaf blades with numerous and conspicuous lateral veins and pediculate trichomes on the abaxial surface. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58431800CAF23FB3A44F519FA1F3B466" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. megacarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="megacarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D933C1BF09A6A2A8CC9E6F92B5232C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. megacarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more lateral veins per side [(32-) 40-50 vs. (16-) 20-35] and these are more closely spaced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8145F5144D6BAAD1FA7380133CD8E023" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz & J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">Figs 8G and I</figureCitation>
|
||
) and fruits are larger (4-5.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F3EEDF7A702CC3AF62126F2FE5C2A346" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-2.9 cm vs. 1.9-3.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEA172540BCF99A988E390907D721060" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-1.9 cm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7C3D85234883992667389CB78DA320C0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4F, P</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B71A72368C3E8FA0BEB0E2656FB39C8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DF2859F5E8BE83598347FB0EEEABA2D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E68AA521AB28EC564CE2B0D153620808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC870446BB0A73DAF897C8A06AE7A470" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Panama.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC51392E3AC74BA1038F2B4E63F3BAFF" originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: East of Portobelo, 50-100 m elev., 12 Oct 1992 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="119EA551AAF2676BEBDBFDE813429AFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson & M. Richardson 15873</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!); Teck Cominco Petaquilla mining concession, 220 m elev., 20 Feb 2008 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="201CD882503CE294D7D888DDA33836C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson & M. Merello 20081</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!); East ridge, no elev., 23 Feb 1968 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FE1C3BA9DDF066C7C78F10519666E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. A. Duke 15261</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU!*, MO!).
|
||
<emphasis id="825FB530DA881B05873A3A0A0BF2223C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F1281298C71704321D1E66B0D7B61967" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: [Chepo] El
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C57431ECB07778B3480D3E2FD2C910D5" originalValue="Llano-Cartí">Llano-Carti</normalizedToken>
|
||
road, 5 km N of Pan-American Highway at El Llano, 300 m elev., 10-11 Nov 1973 (imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="A80A66C06BC297D6608641C27229F8A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Nee 7920</emphasis>
|
||
(MEXU!*, MO!); El
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C2FA4C656AE6F8A7921EAD2E7588B93" originalValue="Llano-Cartí">Llano-Carti</normalizedToken>
|
||
road, 16-18.5 km by road N of PanAmerican Hwy, at El Llano, 400-450 m elev., 28 Mar 1974 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="FDF0D57068BEBF1B4EA8D30F59075B8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Nee & E. Tyson 10983</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, F!*, INPA!*, MO-2 sheets!).
|
||
<emphasis id="D58C9BD12126C615015CDC824BDFB470" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">San Blas</emphasis>
|
||
: El
|
||
<normalizedToken id="842558DBBB98EAC60D86C457CA7C56F7" originalValue="Llano-Cartí">Llano-Carti</normalizedToken>
|
||
Road, Km 19.1, 350 m elev., 19 Mar 1985 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="968820538D1FC2F77D50F63E020332FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. de Nevers 5184</emphasis>
|
||
(INPA!*, MEXU!*, MO!).
|
||
<emphasis id="1E20C8BD5D25DA44B58D4BBAA25B5A6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veraguas</emphasis>
|
||
: Santa Fe, Valley of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="16AB280398A693DC2111B9179A72EFCD" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Dos Bocas along road between Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra and Calovebora, 450-550 m elev., 31 Aug 1974 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="D8193E5CB99B156836992884FC9AB85C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. B. Croat 27785</emphasis>
|
||
(INPA!*, MO!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |