273 lines
29 KiB
XML
273 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="852B56BD4114ACB432F96160A7CE3CE2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170740" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6859f0e2-d01e-4df2-9c71-10ed17eb7c7b" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170740" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461101610727" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hernández, L. M. & Shelley, A. J." docDate="2005" docId="133287933D43FFA8FEC863F5FDB3FBA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00853.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 853" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Simulium (Hemicnetha) tarsale Williston" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="EF0BFFEB3D47FFADFFC06064FFA4FF86" masterDocTitle="New specific synonymies and taxonomic notes on Neotropical blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698591681531" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BE8308966B7137E06337D60EB534DDDC">New specific synonymies and taxonomic notes on Neotropical blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C1ADA8F7ACDCA9521C83FAC290DFAE36">Hernández, L. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2F5F05AAE477BB16D06C99D22CAB953">Shelley, A. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="229B4980F6B8F5A98F82109A999E469E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CA4B8575F1CA9856F11959396CD0C512">2005</mods:date>
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<treatment id="133287933D43FFA8FEC863F5FDB3FBA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6268758" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6268758" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:133287933D43FFA8FEC863F5FDB3FBA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/133287933D43FFA8FEC863F5FDB3FBA8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="D381650E3D43FFA9FEC863F5FD4CFC48" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9B2436853D43FFA9FEC863F5FD5BFC2D" blockId="4.[264,767,913,974]" box="[264,767,913,939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="C06C81E93D43FFA9FEC863F5FD5BFC2D" bold="true" box="[264,767,913,939]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FEC863F5FD5BFC2D" ID-CoL="8DXPC" authority="Williston" authorityName="Williston" box="[264,767,913,939]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FEC863F5FD5BFC2D" bold="true" box="[264,767,913,939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FEC863F5FEDBFC2D" bold="true" box="[264,383,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FE5063F5FD80FC2D" bold="true" box="[400,548,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FDF563F5FD22FC2D" bold="true" box="[565,646,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tarsale</emphasis>
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Williston
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B2436853D43FFA9FEC863D0FD4CFC48" blockId="4.[264,767,913,974]" box="[264,744,948,974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(Figs. 3–6, 37, 38, 51, 52, 65, 66, 79, 80)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D381650E3D43FFA9FEC8639FFE53F88D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9B2436853D43FFA9FEC8639FFD31FBD5" blockId="4.[264,1323,1017,1173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D43FFA9FEC8639FFD31FBD5" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FEC8639FFD17FB94" ID-CoL="8DXPC" authority="Williston, 1896: 268" authorityName="Williston" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1896" box="[264,691,1019,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FEC8639FFE66FB94" box="[264,450,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium tarsale</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D43FFA9FE0E639FFD17FB94" author="Williston" box="[462,691,1019,1042]" page="268" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FE0E639FFDDFFB94" author="Williston" box="[462,635,1019,1042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Williston, S. W. (1896) XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896, 253 - 446." type="journal article" year="1896">Williston, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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: 268
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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–269.
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<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FD39639FFC35FB94" box="[761,913,1019,1042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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Ψ, West Indies,
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<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D43FFA9FB96639FFA83FB94" box="[1110,1319,1019,1042]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SAINT VINCENT</collectingCountry>
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; March [Without date or year.], (
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FD5B6478FCAEFBB5" box="[667,778,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H.H.Smith</emphasis>
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) (BMNH, BM
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<date id="EF2510453D43FFA9FC796478FBBCFBB5" box="[953,1048,1052,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1907" valueMax="1966">1907–66</date>
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) [Examined.] [
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<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FB7D6478FA8FFBB5" box="[1213,1323,1052,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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designation by
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<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D43FFA9FE1B6458FD2EFBD5" author="Smart" box="[475,650,1084,1107]" page="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1942">
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<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FE1B6458FDC4FBD5" author="Smart" box="[475,608,1084,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Smart, J. (1942) Notes on Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 11, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1942">Smart, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 49
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</treatmentCitation>
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.]
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B2436853D43FFA9FEC8643AFCE2FB13" blockId="4.[264,1323,1017,1173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D43FFA9FEC8643AFCE2FB13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FEC8643AFD10FBF3" ID-CoL="8DZHZ" authority="Malloch, 1914: 40" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1914" box="[264,692,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FEC8643AFE75FBF3" box="[264,465,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium clavipes</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D43FFA9FE20643AFD10FBF3" author="Malloch" box="[480,692,1118,1141]" page="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1914">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FE20643AFD22FBF3" author="Malloch" box="[480,646,1118,1141]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1914) American black flies or buffalo gnats. Technical Series of the Bureau of Entomology of the United States, 26, 1 - 71 + 6 plates." type="book chapter" year="1914">Malloch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 40
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–41.
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<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FD2E643AFCDFFBF3" box="[750,891,1118,1141]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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Ψ,
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<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D43FFA9FC71643AFBCCFBF3" box="[945,1128,1118,1141]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">GUADELOUPE</collectingCountry>
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;
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<date id="EF2510453D43FFA9FBBA643AFB1AFBF3" box="[1146,1214,1118,1141]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">30.vii.</date>
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[Without year.], (USNM) [Synonymy by
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<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D43FFA9FD4B641AFC9EFB13" author="Smart" box="[651,826,1150,1173]" page="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1942">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FD4B641AFCB5FB13" author="Smart" box="[651,785,1150,1173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Smart, J. (1942) Notes on Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 11, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1942">Smart, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 49
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.]
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9B2436853D43FFA9FEC864A5FE53F88D" blockId="4.[264,1324,1217,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FEC864A5FE76FB5C" ID-CoL="8DXPC" box="[264,466,1217,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FEC864A5FE76FB5C" box="[264,466,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Simulium tarsale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FD7664A5FCDEFB5D" author="Williston" box="[694,890,1217,1243]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Williston, S. W. (1896) XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896, 253 - 446." type="journal article" year="1896">Williston (1896)</bibRefCitation>
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based on three specimens collected from the West Indies (
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<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D43FFA9FDDA648DFD05FA85" box="[538,673,1257,1283]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
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) by H. H. Smith and deposited in the BMNH.
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<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FB25648DFEF2FAAD" author="Smart" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Smart, J. (1940) Simuliidae (Dipt.) from British Guiana and the Lesser Antilles. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 90, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1940">Smart (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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in a paper dealing with the
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FD706575FC8BFAAD" ID-CoL="6279F" box="[688,815,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D43FFA9FC9C6575FBAFFAAD" box="[860,1035,1297,1323]" name="Guyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">British Guiana</collectingCountry>
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and the Lesser Antilles referred to the name of
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FDDC655DFD2EFAD4" ID-CoL="8DXPC" box="[540,650,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
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<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FDDC655DFD2EFAD4" box="[540,650,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. tarsale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and mentioned that “no trace of the
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<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FBFF655DFBD9FAD5" box="[1087,1149,1337,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
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of this species can be found in the British Museum”. Two years later he stated that the three specimens of the
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<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FEF365EDFEC1FA25" box="[307,357,1417,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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||
series of
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||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FE1665EDFDE1FA24" ID-CoL="8DXPC" box="[470,581,1417,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FE1665EDFDE1FA24" box="[470,581,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. tarsale</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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were discovered in this museum, and he designated a
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||
<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FB7F65EDFA8EFA25" box="[1215,1322,1417,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FED065D5FE0CFA4D" author="Smart" box="[272,424,1457,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Smart, J. (1942) Notes on Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 11, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1942">Smart, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the same paper, he also discussed additional morphological characters that were not included in Williston’s (1896) original description of
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||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FBF665BDFB14FA74" box="[1078,1200,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FBF665BDFB0FFA74" ID-CoL="8DXPC" box="[1078,1195,1497,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">S. tarsale</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
examined
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<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FEC86665FE9EF99D" box="[264,314,1537,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FE156665FDF3F99C" ID-CoL="8DZHZ" box="[469,599,1537,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FE156665FDF3F99C" box="[469,599,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. clavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
described by Malloch in 1914 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D43FFA9FBE16665FB16F99D" box="[1057,1202,1537,1563]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and concluded that both species were synonymous. This synonymy was confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FB2A664DFEF2F9ED" author="Stone" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Stone, A. (1969) The black flies of Dominica (Diptera, Simuliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 71, 312 - 318." type="journal article" year="1969">Stone (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
while describing the simuliid fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D43FFA9FCEA6635FC06F9ED" box="[810,930,1617,1643]" name="Dominica" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Stone also suggested that
|
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FB206635FE93F914" ID-CoL="8DXPC" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
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||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FB206635FE93F914" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. tarsale</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
resembled species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D43FFA9FD1A661DFCC3F914" box="[730,871,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D43FFA9FD1A661DFCC3F914" box="[730,871,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but refrained to include it in this subgenus because the fore tarsal segments II and III are flattened and the claws lack teeth. Both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FE8C66ADFDB0F965" author="Coscaron" box="[332,532,1737,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Coscaron, S. (1987) El genero Simulium Latreille en la Region Neotropical: Analisis de los Grupos Supraspecificos, Especies que los Integran y Distribucion Geografica (Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 112 pp." type="book" year="1987">Coscarón (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FD9266ADFC38F965" author="Crosskey" box="[594,924,1737,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (1997) A new taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1997">Crosskey & Howard (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D43FFA9FC6B66ADFC43F965" author="Crosskey" box="[939,999,1737,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (2004) A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 82 pp. [web version: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / entomology / projects / blackflies / Inventory. pdf] (accessed 12 December 2004)" type="book" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were unable to place this species to subgenus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D381650E3D43FFA8FEF8677DFDB3FBA8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B2436853D43FFA8FEF8677DFE96FD18" blockId="4.[264,1324,1217,1883]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,1070]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
We have examined the pinned female
|
||
<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FD36677DFCC6F8B5" box="[758,866,1817,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FC5A677DFB9FF8B5" box="[922,1083,1817,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the other
|
||
<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FB76677DFE9EF8DD" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
being missing. The thorax and left fore leg of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="442088273D43FFA9FBC26725FBC9F8DD" box="[1026,1133,1857,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
remain pinned, while the abdomen, genitalia, other five legs, and one wing have been dissected and mounted on a slide; the head is missing. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FC8D6120FC4FFED8" box="[845,1003,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the thorax, one wing, and three right legs remain pinned, and the head, abdomen, genitalia, one hind leg, and one wing are mounted on a slide. The two specimens are conspecific. We have compared the female thoracic pattern of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FDBA61D8FD41FE50" box="[634,741,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FCD461D8FC23FE53" box="[788,903,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FCD461D8FC23FE53" box="[788,903,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with many
|
||
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FBDC61D8FB25FE50" box="[1052,1153,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FAD461D8FECCFE7B" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FAD461D8FECCFE7B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. clavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs. 3–6), as well as the structure of the cibarium (Figs. 37, 38), wing setation, leg coloration, and morphology of the genitalia (Figs. 51, 52, 65, 66, 79, 80) and agree with Smart’s (1942) synonymy. We have also examined all material studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FB296250FEF2FDF0" author="Stone" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stone, A. (1969) The black flies of Dominica (Diptera, Simuliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 71, 312 - 318." type="journal article" year="1969">Stone (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and confirm his identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FD296238FCFDFDF3" box="[745,857,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FD296238FCFDFDF3" box="[745,857,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FB106238FE8AFD18" name="Dominica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEF862C8FDB3FBA8" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FE2562C8FDF2FD43" box="[485,598,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FE2562C8FDF2FD43" box="[485,598,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
externally resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FC9862C8FC7AFD43" box="[856,990,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FC9862C8FC7AFD43" box="[856,990,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FB9E62C8FAA6FD43" box="[1118,1282,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FB9E62C8FAA6FD43" box="[1118,1282,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in having a dark brown to black thorax covered with yellowish hairs, but the former may be distinguished by the presence of 1+1 submedian black or silver pruinose areas [depending on light source] not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FDAD6340FD56FCBB" box="[621,754,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FDAD6340FD56FCBB" box="[621,754,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs. 3, 4, 7, 8). Also, the genital fork of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FB216340FE93FCE3" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FB216340FE93FCE3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the distinct triangular posterior processes (Fig. 79) that are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FB056328FE90FC0B" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FB056328FE90FC0B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 81; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FE146310FD1FFC08" author="Shelley" box="[468,699,884,910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Shelley, A. J., Hernandez, L. M. & Penn, M. (2002) A biosystematic revision of the blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Belize, Central America. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London (Entomology), 71 (2), 135 - 271." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Shelley
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FDF36310FDC9FC0B" box="[563,621,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 220, Fig. 138, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FC506310FB96FC0B" box="[912,1074,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FC506310FB96FC0B" box="[912,1074,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). All characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FAD46310FEFDFC33" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FAD46310FEFDFC33" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall within the morphological variation found in species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FB1463F8FEEDFC5B" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FB1463F8FEEDFC5B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, consequently, we are here assigning this species to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FBD763A0FBDBFC5B" box="[1047,1151,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FBD763A0FBDBFC5B" box="[1047,1151,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">tarsatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group [formerly known as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FDEE6388FD17FB83" box="[558,691,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FDEE6388FD17FB83" box="[558,691,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FC4D6388FBD4FB80" box="[909,1136,1004,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, 941 pp." type="book">
|
||
Adler
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FC1A6388FBB5FB83" box="[986,1041,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FB5C6388FE11FBA8" author="Crosskey" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (1997) A new taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1997">Crosskey & Howard (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FE016470FDA7FBA8" author="Crosskey" box="[449,515,1044,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (2004) A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 82 pp. [web version: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / entomology / projects / blackflies / Inventory. pdf] (accessed 12 December 2004)" type="book" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |