treatments-xml/data/13/32/87/133287933D42FFA5FEC864E8FCECFA38.xml

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<mods:title id="DEC1091BF5983FF4AABB84CF9EE60CD8">New specific synonymies and taxonomic notes on Neotropical blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEC864E8FC82FB20" blockId="5.[264,806,1164,1225]" box="[264,806,1164,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="C06C81E93D42FFA8FEC864E8FC82FB20" bold="true" box="[264,806,1164,1190]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC864E8FC82FB20" ID-CoL="8DXPD" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[264,806,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC864E8FC82FB20" bold="true" box="[264,806,1164,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC864E8FD05FB20" bold="true" box="[264,673,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium (Hemicnetha) tarsatum</emphasis>
Macquart
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEC864CBFD52FB4F" blockId="5.[264,806,1164,1225]" box="[264,758,1199,1225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(Figs. 7–14, 39–41, 53–55, 67–69, 81, 82)</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC86565FD2CFA91" ID-CoL="8DXPD" authority="Macquart, 1846" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1846" box="[264,648,1280,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC86565FE70FA9E" box="[264,468,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium tarsatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FE1D6564FD2CFA91" author="Macquart" box="[477,648,1280,1303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Macquart, J. (1846) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe (Royale) des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1844, 133 - 364. [Reprinted separately with pagination 5 - 238]." type="journal article" year="1846">Macquart, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1844]: 20. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FCD36564FC04FA91" box="[787,928,1280,1303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ [Not ɗ as published.], COLOM­ BIA (as “ 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FE5E6545FDCCFABE" box="[414,616,1313,1336]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nouvelle­Grenade</collectingCountry>
” in description, “Nova Granata” on label) [Handwritten label, 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FAD66546FE33FADF" ID-CoL="8DXPD" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FAD66546FE33FADF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2DC57EC3D42FFA8FE646525FE7CFADE" box="[420,472,1345,1368]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
] [Collection date and collector unknown.] (BMNH, ex. Bigot Collection, B.M. 1960–1539). [Examined.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEC865E7FBB8FA5D" blockId="5.[264,1323,1278,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC865E7FD29FA1C" ID-CoL="895CD" authority="Bellardi, 1862" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1862" box="[264,653,1411,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC865E7FE49FA1C" box="[264,493,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium mexicanum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FE3465E7FD29FA1C" author="Bellardi" box="[500,653,1411,1434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Bellardi, L. (1862) Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Appendice. 28 pp. Torini. [This is a separately issued and paginated Appendix to Bellardi's Part I (1861) and Part II (1862) of Saggio di ditterologia messicana. It predates its subsequent issue in a journal.]" type="book" year="1862">Bellardi, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(appendix to part 2): 6. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FC5365E7FB8FFA1C" box="[915,1067,1411,1434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FB9465E7FB65FA1C" box="[1108,1217,1411,1434]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
: Veracruz State, Tuxpango, near Orizaba; [Collection date and collector unknown.] (DBAT). [Examined.] [
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FEFE65A0FE0FFA5D" box="[318,427,1476,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
designation in 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FD8F65A0FC86FA5D" author="Shelley" box="[591,802,1476,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Shelley, A. J., Arzube, M. &amp; Couch, C. A. (1989) The Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Santiago onchocerciasis focus of Ecuador. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology), 58 (1), 79 - 130." type="journal article" year="1989">
Shelley 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FD6665A0FD78FA5D" box="[678,732,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
, 1989
</bibRefCitation>
: 103.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FCAA65A7FBB8FA5D" bold="true" box="[874,1052,1475,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New synonymy.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEC86582FBF4F998" blockId="5.[264,1323,1278,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC86582FD2AFA7B" ID-CoL="895FC" authority="Knab, 1914: 84" authorityName="Knab" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1914" box="[264,654,1510,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC86582FE70FA7B" box="[264,468,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium seriatum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FE1F6582FD2AFA7B" author="Knab" box="[479,654,1510,1533]" page="84" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FE1F6582FDC0FA7B" author="Knab" box="[479,612,1510,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Knab, F. (1914) Simuliidae of Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 27, 81 - 86." type="journal article" year="1914">Knab, 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 84
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–85. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FD066582FCF7FA7B" box="[710,851,1510,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FC436582FC6FFA7B" box="[899,971,1510,1533]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PERU</collectingCountry>
: Sta Eulalia, 12091; 
<date id="EF2510453D42FFA8FB786582FA82FA7B" box="[1208,1318,1510,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1913-07-05">5.vii.1913</date>
, (
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FE816663FE55F998" box="[321,497,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C.H.T.Townsend</emphasis>
) (USNM, 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FDA36662FD35F99B" box="[611,657,1542,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
no. 18349) [Examined.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FC5D6662FBF4F998" bold="true" box="[925,1104,1542,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New synonymy.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEC8664DFB84F907" blockId="5.[264,1323,1278,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D42FFA8FEC8664DFB84F907" infered="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC8664DFD55F9B9" ID-CoL="8DZBD" authority="Malloch, 1914: 27" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1914" box="[264,753,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureopunctatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC8664DFD86F9C6" box="[264,546,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium aureopunctatum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FDE9664CFD55F9B9" author="Malloch" box="[553,753,1576,1599]" page="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FDE9664CFD6CF9B9" author="Malloch" box="[553,712,1576,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1914) American black flies or buffalo gnats. Technical Series of the Bureau of Entomology of the United States, 26, 1 - 71 + 6 plates." type="book chapter" year="1914">Malloch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FD3B664CFC2CF9B9" box="[763,904,1576,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ. 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FC71664CFBFFF9B9" box="[945,1115,1576,1599]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GUATEMALA</collectingCountry>
: Livingston; 
<date id="EF2510453D42FFA8FB27664CFAAAF9B9" box="[1255,1294,1576,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.v.</date>
or 
<date id="EF2510453D42FFA8FEF8662DFEC3F9E6" box="[312,359,1609,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.vi.</date>
[Year not given.], (
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FD83662EFCB4F9E7" box="[579,784,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Barber &amp; Schwarz</emphasis>
) (USNM, cat. no. 15406) [Examined.] [Previous synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FE24660EFDFAF907" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[484,606,1642,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FE24660EFDFAF907" box="[484,606,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FD45660DFCF9F906" author="Bequaert" box="[645,861,1641,1664]" page="208" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FD45660DFC81F906" author="Bequaert" box="[645,805,1641,1664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Bequaert, J. C. (1934) Part III. Notes on the black flies or Simuliidae with special reference to those of the Onchocerca region of Guatemala. Pp. 175 - 224. In Onchocerciasis with special reference to the Central American form of the disease. Contributions from the Department of Tropical Medicine and the Institute for Tropical Biology and Medicine, 6, i - xiv, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1934">Bequaert 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 208
</treatmentCitation>
.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FCAE660DFB84F907" bold="true" box="[878,1056,1641,1665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New synonymy.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEC866EFFD64F965" blockId="5.[264,1323,1278,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D42FFA8FEC866EFFD64F965" infered="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC866EFFD08F924" ID-CoL="8F2BY" authority="Knab, 1915: 281" authorityName="Knab" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1915" box="[264,684,1675,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placidum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC866EFFE78F924" box="[264,476,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium placidum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FE2A66EFFD08F924" author="Knab" box="[490,684,1675,1698]" page="281" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FE2A66EFFDD4F924" author="Knab" box="[490,624,1675,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Knab, F. (1915) New data and species in Simuliidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus [1914], 2, 177 - 180." type="journal article" year="1915">Knab, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 281
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FD7C66EFFCEDF924" box="[700,841,1675,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FCBD66EFFBA6F924" box="[893,1026,1675,1698]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TRINIDAD</collectingCountry>
: Arima river; 
<date id="EF2510453D42FFA8FB6A66EFFA82F924" box="[1194,1318,1675,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1913-12-31">31.xii.1913</date>
, (
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FE8166C8FE0EF945" box="[321,426,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F.W.U r i c h</emphasis>
) (BMNH) [Examined.] [Previous synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FC2266C8FBFFF945" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[994,1115,1708,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FC2266C8FBFFF945" box="[994,1115,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FB4966C8FE58F965" author="Vargas" page="133" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FB4966C8FE61F965" author="Vargas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Vargas, L. &amp; Diaz Najera, A. (1951) Notas sobre sistematica y morfologia de simulidos. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 12, 123 - 172." type="journal article" year="1951">Vargas &amp; Díaz Nájera, 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 133
</treatmentCitation>
.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FDCE66AFFD64F965" bold="true" box="[526,704,1739,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New synonymy.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFA8FEC8668AFB3EF8C0" blockId="5.[264,1323,1278,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D42FFA8FEC8668AFB3EF8C0" infered="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC8668AFCD4F883" ID-CoL="8F225" authority="Lutz &amp; Nunez Tovar in Lutz, 1928: 46" authorityName="Lutz &amp; Nunez Tovar in Lutz" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1928" box="[264,880,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubre">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC8668AFE62F883" box="[264,454,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium lugubre</emphasis>
Lutz &amp; Nuñez Továr in 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FD0F668AFCD4F883" author="Lutz" box="[719,880,1774,1797]" page="46" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FD0F668AFCE3F883" author="Lutz" box="[719,839,1774,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lutz, A. (1928) Estudios de Zoologia y Parasitologia Venezolanos. Pp. 133 + 26 plates. Rio de Janeiro." type="book" year="1928">Lutz, 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FCBB668AFBA6F883" box="[891,1026,1774,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">SYNTYPES</typeStatus>
Ψ ɗ, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FB8C668AFB4BF883" box="[1100,1263,1774,1797]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
: Aragua, Rio de Maracay, La 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FD91676AFD0BF8A3" box="[593,687,1806,1829]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
; 
<date id="EF2510453D42FFA8FD7C676AFC9CF8A3" box="[700,824,1806,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1915-12-28">28.xii.1915</date>
, (
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FC8F676BFBE0F8A0" box="[847,1092,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A.Lutz &amp; Nuñez Továr</emphasis>
) (IOC). [Examined.] [Previous synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FD91674BFD6FF8C0" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[593,715,1839,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FD91674BFD6FF8C0" box="[593,715,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FD39674AFC72F8C3" author="Fairchild" box="[761,982,1838,1861]" page="708" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FD39674AFC3BF8C3" author="Fairchild" box="[761,927,1838,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Fairchild, G. B. (1940) Notes on the Simuliidae of Panama (Dipt., Nematocera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 33, 701 - 719." type="journal article" year="1940">Fairchild, 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 708
</treatmentCitation>
.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FC28674AFB3EF8C0" bold="true" box="[1000,1178,1838,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New synonymy.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D42FFABFEC86735FC49FED5" blockId="5.[264,1323,1278,1896]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,633]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D42FFABFEC86735FC49FED5" infered="true" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D42FFA8FEC86735FD63F8E1" ID-CoL="88T6G" authority="Hoffmann, 1930: 298" authorityName="Hoffmann" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1930" box="[264,711,1872,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turgidum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D42FFA8FEC86735FE71F8EE" box="[264,469,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium turgidum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D42FFA8FE1D6734FD63F8E1" author="Hoffmann" box="[477,711,1872,1895]" page="298" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D42FFA8FE1D6734FD35F8E1" author="Hoffmann" box="[477,657,1872,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Hoffmann, C. C. (1930 b) Los simulidos de la region onchocercosa de Chiapas (con descripcion de nuevas especies). Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1, 293 - 301." type="journal article" year="1930">Hoffmann, 1930</bibRefCitation>
: 298
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D42FFA8FD1A6734FCC5F8E1" box="[730,865,1872,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">SYNTYPES</typeStatus>
ΨΨ, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D42FFA8FC5E6734FBA8F8E1" box="[926,1036,1872,1895]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
: Chiapas State, Soconusco District, Finca Santa Anita; 
<date id="EF2510453D41FFABFDAE6178FD6DFEB5" box="[622,713,284,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1930-07">vii.1930</date>
, [Collector and depository unknown.] [Previous synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFE646158FDBAFED5" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[420,542,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE646158FDBAFED5" box="[420,542,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D41FFABFD866158FC80FED5" author="Bequaert" box="[582,804,316,339]" page="208" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFD866158FD48FED5" author="Bequaert" box="[582,748,316,339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bequaert, J. C. (1934) Part III. Notes on the black flies or Simuliidae with special reference to those of the Onchocerca region of Guatemala. Pp. 175 - 224. In Onchocerciasis with special reference to the Central American form of the disease. Contributions from the Department of Tropical Medicine and the Institute for Tropical Biology and Medicine, 6, i - xiv, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1934">Bequaert, 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 208
</treatmentCitation>
.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFCFC615FFC49FED5" bold="true" box="[828,1005,315,339]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New synonymy.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D41FFABFEC8613AFCC1FE33" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D41FFABFEC8613AFCC1FE33" infered="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFEC8613AFD55FEF2" authority="Enderlein, 1934a: 291" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1934" box="[264,753,349,373]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticalx">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFEC8613AFE53FEF3" box="[264,503,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichodagmia laticalx</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D41FFABFDC06139FD55FEF2" author="Enderlein" box="[512,753,349,372]" page="291" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFDC06139FD18FEF2" author="Enderlein" box="[512,700,349,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Enderlein, G. (1934 a) Weiterer Ausbau des Systems der Simuliiden. (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1933, 273 - 292." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Enderlein, 1934a</bibRefCitation>
: 291
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–292. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFCF56139FC69FEF2" box="[821,973,349,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFC3A6139FBE6FEF2" box="[1018,1090,349,372]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PERU</collectingCountry>
: Challanga; [Without date or collector.] (NMHU) [Examined.] [Previous synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFBDD611BFB31FE10" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[1053,1173,383,406]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFBDD611BFB31FE10" box="[1053,1173,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D41FFABFB7F611AFE3EFE33" author="Coscaron" page="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFB7F611AFED5FE33" author="Coscaron" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Coscaron, S. (1987) El genero Simulium Latreille en la Region Neotropical: Analisis de los Grupos Supraspecificos, Especies que los Integran y Distribucion Geografica (Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 112 pp." type="book" year="1987">Coscarón, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 36
</treatmentCitation>
.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE6C61FAFCFAFE30" bold="true" box="[428,862,414,438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
New synonymy. New 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFD5E61FAFD6BFE30" box="[670,719,414,438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
designation
</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D41FFABFEC861A5FC75FD9E" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D41FFABFEC861A5FC75FD9E" infered="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFEC861A5FCACFE51" authority="Enderlein, 1936: 129" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1936" box="[264,776,448,472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latidigitus">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFEC861A5FDB7FE5E" box="[264,531,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichodagmia latidigitus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D41FFABFDDE61A4FCACFE51" author="Enderlein" box="[542,776,448,471]" page="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFDDE61A4FD6BFE51" author="Enderlein" box="[542,719,448,471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Enderlein, G. (1936) Simuliologica I. Sitzungsbericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde ausegegeben zu Berlin, 1936, 114 - 130." type="journal article" year="1936">Enderlein, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 129
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFCD661A4FC0AFE51" box="[790,942,448,471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFC1C61A4FBCBFE51" box="[988,1135,448,471]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
: Muzo terr. aol; [Without date.], (
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE306186FDD0FE7F" box="[496,628,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFE306186FDA7FE7F" box="[496,515,482,505]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
.Thieme S.
</emphasis>
) (NMHU) [Examined.] [Previous synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFB516186FAADFE7F" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[1169,1289,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFB516186FAADFE7F" box="[1169,1289,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D41FFABFEF86265FDA8FD9E" author="Coscaron" box="[312,524,513,536]" page="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFEF86265FE47FD9E" author="Coscaron" box="[312,483,513,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Coscaron, S. (1987) El genero Simulium Latreille en la Region Neotropical: Analisis de los Grupos Supraspecificos, Especies que los Integran y Distribucion Geografica (Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 112 pp." type="book" year="1987">Coscarón, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 36
</treatmentCitation>
.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFDDE6265FC6EFD9F" bold="true" box="[542,970,513,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
New synonymy. New 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFCCF6265FCE4FD9F" box="[783,832,513,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
designation
</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D41FFABFEC86246FC6CFDFE" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BB8B11AB3D41FFABFEC86246FC6CFDFE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFEC86246FC39FDBE" ID-CoL="8DZCS" authority="Py-Daniel &amp; Moreira Sampaio, 1994: 149" authorityName="Py-Daniel &amp; Moreira Sampaio" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1994" box="[264,925,545,569]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellardii">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFEC86246FE6BFDBF" box="[264,463,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Simulium bellardii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D41FFABFE166245FC39FDBE" author="Py-Daniel" box="[470,925,545,568]" page="149" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFE166245FCCCFDBE" author="Py-Daniel" box="[470,872,545,568]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Py-Daniel, V. &amp; Moreira Sampaio, R. T. (1994) Actualizacao nomenclatural para Simuliidae Neotropical (Diptera, Culicomorpha, Simuliidae). Memorias del CAICET, 4, 149 - 156." type="journal article" year="1994">Py­Daniel &amp; Moreira Sampaio, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 149
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. [Unnecessary replacement name for 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFEF86226FDB7FDDE" ID-CoL="895CD" authority="Bellardi" authorityName="Bellardi" box="[312,531,577,601]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFEF86226FE15FDDF" box="[312,433,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mexicanum</emphasis>
Bellardi
</taxonomicName>
proposed by these authors on upgrading the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFB496226FAAEFDDF" box="[1161,1290,578,601]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFB496226FAAEFDDF" box="[1161,1290,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to genus – see 
<treatmentCitation id="1A3A10943D41FFABFE796205FCA0FDFE" author="Crosskey" box="[441,772,609,632]" page="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFE796205FD7FFDFE" author="Crosskey" box="[441,731,609,632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M. (1997) A new taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1997">Crosskey &amp; Howard, 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 85
</treatmentCitation>
.] 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFCD66205FC65FDFF" bold="true" box="[790,961,609,633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New synonymy</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D381650E3D41FFABFEC862CDFBC6F9DD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9B2436853D41FFABFEC862CDFBC6F9DD" blockId="6.[264,1324,681,1867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The name 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFE4F62CDFDBEFD44" box="[399,538,681,706]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE4F62CDFDBEFD44" box="[399,538,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was given by 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFD1962CDFC00FD45" author="Macquart" box="[729,932,681,707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Macquart, J. (1846) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe (Royale) des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1844, 133 - 364. [Reprinted separately with pagination 5 - 238]." type="journal article" year="1846">Macquart (1846)</bibRefCitation>
to a single female collected in 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFEC862B5FED8FD6D" box="[264,380,721,747]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(as 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFE7962B5FD33FD6D" box="[441,663,721,747]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nouvelle­Grenade</collectingCountry>
), but published as “ɗ”. This situation is recorded in 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFEC8629DFDB9FC95" box="[264,541,761,787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Townsend, B. C., Chainey, J. E., Crosskey, R. W., Pont, A. C., Lane, R. P., Boorman, J. P. T. &amp; Lowry, C. A. (1990) A Catalogue of the Types of Bloodsucking Flies. Occasional papers on Systematic Entomology, 7, 1 - 321." type="journal article">
Townsend 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE48629DFE67FC94" box="[392,451,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1990)
</bibRefCitation>
. It is similar to Macquart’s description of female 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFBA4629DFB06FC95" box="[1124,1186,761,787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFB0A629DFEFAFCBC" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrimanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFB0A629DFEFAFCBC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. nigrimanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as males [see 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFDD26345FCABFCBD" box="[530,783,801,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Shelley, A. J., Luna Dias, A. P. A. &amp; Maia-Herzog, M. (1984) New specific synonymy in Neotropical Simulium s. l. (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 79, 143 - 161." type="journal article">
Shelley 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFDB46345FD0EFCBC" box="[628,682,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (1984)
</bibRefCitation>
]. We have examined this specimen, which is housed in the 
<collectionCode id="FD8AAE403D41FFABFE6D632DFDACFCE5" box="[429,520,841,867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BMNH</collectionCode>
, and the most pertinent label details are as follows: an original label “Nova Granata. Macq. nomin. D. Exot.” and a smaller label stuck on to this in Macquart’s hand “ 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE9763FDFDCBFC34" box="[343,623,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFE9763FDFD92FC34" box="[343,566,921,946]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum" status="sp. nov.">Simulium tarsatum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2DC57EC3D41FFABFDFF63FDFDCBFC34" box="[575,623,921,946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n.sp</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.”; a label with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFCE863FDFBFEFC35" authority="Macq." authorityName="Macq." box="[808,1114,921,947]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFCE863FDFBA3FC34" box="[808,1031,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Simulium tarsatum</emphasis>
Macq.
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFBA363FDFAA4FC35" box="[1123,1280,921,947]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
ex. Bigot Coll: B.M. 1960­539 [recording the donation from M. Bigot’s collection where Macquart deposited the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFDE8638DFD31FB85" box="[552,661,1001,1027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
]; a label in Crosskey’s hand “ 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFC38638DFB32FB85" box="[1016,1174,1001,1027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
Ψ (not ɗ as published in Macquart) 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFDE06475FCD1FBAD" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[544,885,1041,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFDE06475FD5AFBAC" box="[544,766,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Simulium tarsatum</emphasis>
Macquart
</taxonomicName>
det. R.W.Crosskey, 1979”. Details of the other more recent labels are given in “ 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFD3C645DFC54FBD5" bold="true" box="[764,1008,1081,1107]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material Examined</emphasis>
”. The specimen is in poor condition with the head, left wing, and all legs missing. It has been pinned through the central region of the thorax, which has badly damaged the scutum and scutellum (Figs. 7, 8). However, the rest of the thorax shows the adpressed, brass coloured setae in groups, which is typical of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFE3064BDFD32FB74" box="[496,662,1241,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE3064BDFD32FB74" box="[496,662,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[see 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFD1764BDFC67FB75" author="Shelley" box="[727,963,1241,1267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Shelley, A. J., Hernandez, L. M. &amp; Penn, M. (2002) A biosystematic revision of the blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Belize, Central America. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London (Entomology), 71 (2), 135 - 271." type="journal article" year="2002">
Shelley 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFCF864BDFCC9FB74" box="[824,877,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
] and the genitalia are also the same (Figs. 53, 67, 81). Therefore, we regard 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFCF56565FC7EFA9C" box="[821,986,1281,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFCF56565FC7EFA9C" box="[821,986,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFBD86565FB04FA9C" box="[1048,1184,1281,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFBD86565FB04FA9C" box="[1048,1184,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as synonymous, with the name 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFDC1654DFD22FAC4" box="[513,646,1321,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFDC1654DFD22FAC4" box="[513,646,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having priority over S. 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFC5B654DFB84FAC4" box="[923,1056,1321,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFC5B654DFB84FAC4" box="[923,1056,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(International Code of 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFEC86535FD20FAED" author="Zoological" box="[264,644,1361,1387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th Edition, The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, xix + 273 pp." type="book" year="1999">Zoological Nomenclature, 1999</bibRefCitation>
). A full description of all life stages of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFB9B6535FB45FAEC" box="[1115,1249,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFB9B6535FB45FAEC" box="[1115,1249,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFAD46535FE29FA14" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFAD46535FE29FA14" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) may be found in 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFDA7651DFCF4FA15" author="Shelley" box="[615,848,1401,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Shelley, A. J., Arzube, M. &amp; Couch, C. A. (1989) The Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Santiago onchocerciasis focus of Ecuador. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology), 58 (1), 79 - 130." type="journal article" year="1989">
Shelley 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFD07651DFD5FFA14" box="[711,763,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (1989
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFC9D651DFC39FA15" author="Shelley" box="[861,925,1401,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Shelley, A. J., Hernandez, L. M. &amp; Penn, M. (2002) A biosystematic revision of the blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Belize, Central America. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London (Entomology), 71 (2), 135 - 271." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFC71651DFB05FA15" box="[945,1185,1401,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Shelley, A. J., Hernandez, L. M. &amp; Penn, M. (2002) A biosystematic revision of the blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Belize, Central America. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London (Entomology), 71 (2), 135 - 271." type="journal article">
Shelley 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFBD0651DFBE0FA14" box="[1040,1092,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
detailed all diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFDE665C5FD6DFA3C" box="[550,713,1441,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFDE665C5FD6DFA3C" box="[550,713,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, examined 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFC9265C5FC20FA3D" box="[850,900,1441,1467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
material, discussed synonyms, 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFB3765C5FA8DFA3D" box="[1271,1321,1441,1467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
depositories, and its biology and distribution. We have examined all this material and continue to support all the synonyms listed under 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFCF46595FC7CF98C" box="[820,984,1521,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFCF46595FC7CF98C" box="[820,984,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since then, we have examined 
<typeStatus id="442088273D41FFABFE83667DFED1F9B5" box="[323,373,1561,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
material of most Neotropical species described by Enderlein in 
<date id="EF2510453D41FFABFBB7667DFA8DF9B5" box="[1143,1321,1561,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1934" valueMax="1936">1934 and 1936</date>
and based on this the following are regarded as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFC156625FBFEF9DC" box="[981,1114,1601,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFC156625FBFEF9DC" box="[981,1114,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D381650E3D41FFAAFEF8660DFE9FFB4B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9B2436853D41FFAAFEF8660DFE9FFB4B" blockId="6.[264,1324,681,1867]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFEF8660DFDB3F904" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[312,535,1641,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFEF8660DFDB3F904" box="[312,535,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Simulium seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was briefly described by 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFC8E660DFC41F905" author="Knab" box="[846,997,1641,1667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Knab, F. (1914) Simuliidae of Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 27, 81 - 86." type="journal article" year="1914">Knab (1914)</bibRefCitation>
based on two females collected in Santa Eulalia and Chosica, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFD0C66F5FCA1F92D" box="[716,773,1681,1707]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peru</collectingCountry>
, by C.H.T. Townsend in 
<date id="EF2510453D41FFABFBFB66F5FEE2F955" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1913-07" valueMax="1913-09-31" valueMin="1913-07-00">July and September 1913</date>
. Since its original description 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFD6666DDFC8DF954" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[678,809,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFD6666DDFC8DF954" box="[678,809,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had remained poorly known until 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D41FFABFB7B66DDFD97F97D" author="Coscaron" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2000) New species records of the blackfly (Diptera-Simuliidae) fauna of Argentina with description of adults, pupa and larva of Simulium oyapockense s. l. and S. seriatum. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95 (2), 179 - 187." type="journal article" year="2000">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón­Arias (2000)</bibRefCitation>
fully redescribed all life stages based on material collected from 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFEC8676DFEDBF8A5" box="[264,383,1801,1827]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFE4C676DFE41F8A5" box="[396,485,1801,1827]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFE32676DFDF1F8A5" box="[498,597,1801,1827]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFDA2676DFD3FF8A5" box="[610,667,1801,1827]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D41FFABFD1A676DFCF2F8A5" box="[730,854,1801,1827]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. They were only able to reliably distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFE8F6755FE70F8CC" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[335,468,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFE8F6755FE70F8CC" box="[335,468,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D41FFABFDDC6755FD64F8CC" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[540,704,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D41FFABFDDC6755FD64F8CC" box="[540,704,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the length of the sensorial organ of the maxillary palp, the density of thoracic tubercles (as platelets) on the pupa and frontoclypeus, and the thickness of the cocoon. 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFDEF6120FC99FED8" author="Coscaron-Arias" box="[559,829,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2003) Clave de Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) de Ecuador. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 42 (2), 191 - 219." type="journal article" year="2003">Coscarón­Arias (2003)</bibRefCitation>
also used the last two characters to separate 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFEFC6108FE66FE03" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[316,450,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFEFC6108FE66FE03" box="[316,450,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFDCC6108FD14FE03" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[524,688,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFDCC6108FD14FE03" box="[524,688,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in her key to the 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFC446108FBA7FE00" ID-CoL="6279F" box="[900,1027,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
of 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D40FFAAFBED6108FB35FE00" box="[1069,1169,364,390]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFB5D6108FDB1FE28" author="Coscaron" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2000) New species records of the blackfly (Diptera-Simuliidae) fauna of Argentina with description of adults, pupa and larva of Simulium oyapockense s. l. and S. seriatum. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95 (2), 179 - 187." type="journal article" year="2000">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón­Arias (2000)</bibRefCitation>
stated that in 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFD7961F0FC98FE2B" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[697,828,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFD7961F0FC98FE2B" box="[697,828,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the platelets were scarcer, leaving smooth areas on the thorax and frontoclypeus; the sensorial lobe measured 1.6–2.9 mm (mean = 2.1 mm, 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFEB16180FE24FE7B" box="[369,384,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
= 10). In 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE366180FD3DFE7B" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[502,665,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE366180FD3DFE7B" box="[502,665,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they found that the platelets were more abundant, completely covering the exposed areas of the thorax and frontoclypeus, the sensorial lobe measured 2.9–3.3 mm (mean = 3.1 mm, 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFD246250FD57FDCB" box="[740,755,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
= 6), and the cocoon was thicker and more reinforced anteriorly, thus obscuring most of the pupa. We have studied these descriptions and illustrations and compared material identified by Coscarón as 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFB8A62E0FB71FD1B" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[1098,1237,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFB8A62E0FB71FD1B" box="[1098,1237,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the USNM and AMNH (see “ 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFD8B62C8FCE6FD40" bold="true" box="[587,834,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material Examined</emphasis>
”) with large series of reared specimens identified as 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE6262B0FDE1FD6B" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[418,581,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE6262B0FDE1FD6B" box="[418,581,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the BMNH. We found morphological variations in the density of tubercles on the frontoclypeus and pupal thorax and in the structure of the cocoon on specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE106340FDF2FCBB" ID-CoL="8DXPD" box="[464,598,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE106340FDF2FCBB" box="[464,598,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFD486340FC8FFCBB" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[648,811,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFD486340FC8FFCBB" box="[648,811,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that we had collected from 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D40FFAAFB406340FB6FFCB8" box="[1152,1227,804,830]" name="Belize" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Belize</collectingCountry>
in Central 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D40FFAAFEF76328FE38FCE0" box="[311,412,844,870]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">America</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFE6C6328FD32FCE0" author="Shelley" box="[428,662,844,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Shelley, A. J., Hernandez, L. M. &amp; Penn, M. (2002) A biosystematic revision of the blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Belize, Central America. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London (Entomology), 71 (2), 135 - 271." type="journal article" year="2002">
Shelley 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFDCE6328FDE6FCE3" box="[526,578,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
) and in material from 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D40FFAAFC606328FBA6FCE0" box="[928,1026,844,870]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
deposited in the BMNH. Also, from our experience with several Neotropical species, the sensory organ of the maxillary palp can vary intraspecifically. We have examined the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFC3563F8FBFBFC30" box="[1013,1119,924,950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFBAF63F8FB73FC30" box="[1135,1239,924,950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, and a female topotype of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE3663A0FDD9FC5B" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[502,637,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE3663A0FDD9FC5B" box="[502,637,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the USNM. The head, abdomen, genitalia, wing, and legs of these specimens have been dissected and are mounted on three slides. No differences were found between these specimens (Figs. 9, 10, 39, 54, 68, 82), material previously regarded as 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE1D6458FD25FBD3" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[477,641,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE1D6458FD25FBD3" box="[477,641,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFD256458FCE8FBD0" box="[741,844,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFCB36458FC5DFBD3" ID-CoL="8DXPD" box="[883,1017,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFCB36458FC5DFBD3" box="[883,1017,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, we regard all the material identified as 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFD9E6400FD40FBFB" ID-CoL="895FC" box="[606,740,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFD9E6400FD40FBFB" box="[606,740,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFCD26400FB1CFBF8" author="Coscaron" box="[786,1208,1124,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2000) New species records of the blackfly (Diptera-Simuliidae) fauna of Argentina with description of adults, pupa and larva of Simulium oyapockense s. l. and S. seriatum. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95 (2), 179 - 187." type="journal article" year="2000">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón­Arias (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFB346400FE4DFB20" author="Coscaron-Arias" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2003) Clave de Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) de Ecuador. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 42 (2), 191 - 219." type="journal article" year="2003">Coscarón­Arias (2003)</bibRefCitation>
as conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFD2264E8FC22FB23" ID-CoL="895CD" box="[738,902,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFD2264E8FC22FB23" box="[738,902,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, itself now a synonym of 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFB0564E8FE9FFB4B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFB0564E8FE93FB4B" ID-CoL="8DXPD" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">S. tarsatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D381650E3D40FFA5FEF864B8FCECFA38" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9B2436853D40FFA5FEF864B8FDF6FB48" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1325,284,1470]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Two species have been treated by 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFD0664B8FC2EFB70" author="Coscaron" box="[710,906,1244,1270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron, S. (1987) El genero Simulium Latreille en la Region Neotropical: Analisis de los Grupos Supraspecificos, Especies que los Integran y Distribucion Geografica (Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 112 pp." type="book" year="1987">Coscarón (1987)</bibRefCitation>
as synonyms [without explanation] of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFEE96560FE09FA9B" box="[297,429,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFEE96560FE09FA9B" box="[297,429,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE7E6560FD90FA9B" box="[446,564,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticalx">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE7E6560FD90FA9B" box="[446,564,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. laticalx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFDAF6560FCA7FA9B" box="[623,771,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latidigitus">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFDAF6560FCA7FA9B" box="[623,771,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. latidigitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These names were also included in the list of synonyms with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE046548FDEDFAC3" box="[452,585,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE046548FDEDFAC3" box="[452,585,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a paper in which this species was redescribed (
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFB5B6548FDB5FAE8" author="Coscaron" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2000) New species records of the blackfly (Diptera-Simuliidae) fauna of Argentina with description of adults, pupa and larva of Simulium oyapockense s. l. and S. seriatum. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95 (2), 179 - 187." type="journal article" year="2000">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón­Arias, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFDE76530FC8AFAEB" box="[551,814,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticalx">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFDE76530FC8AFAEB" box="[551,814,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trichodagmia laticalx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFBD16530FB4CFAE8" author="Enderlein" box="[1041,1256,1364,1390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Enderlein, G. (1934 a) Weiterer Ausbau des Systems der Simuliiden. (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1933, 273 - 292." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Enderlein (1934a)</bibRefCitation>
from two 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFEFB6518FE32FA10" box="[315,406,1404,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
females collected in Callanga and 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFCF06518FB89FA10" authority="Urubamba" authorityName="Urubamba" box="[816,1069,1404,1430]" class="Globothalamea" family="Rosalinidae" genus="Rosalina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Rosalina (Urubamba)</taxonomicName>
and said to be deposited in the 
<collectionCode id="FD8AAE403D40FFAAFE4565C0FE7BFA38" box="[389,479,1444,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NMHU</collectionCode>
and SMT, respectively. We have only been able to find the specimen in the 
<collectionCode id="FD8AAE403D40FFAAFEF465A8FE35FA60" box="[308,401,1484,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NMHU</collectionCode>
, which has been recorded as a 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFCC665A8FCC5FA60" box="[774,865,1484,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFC5065A8FBE9FA60" author="Werner" box="[912,1101,1484,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Werner, D. (1996 a) Die Simuliiden-typen der Dipteren-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museum Berlin (Diptera: Simuliidae). Mitteilengun aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 221 - 258." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Werner (1996a)</bibRefCitation>
. We designate this specimen as the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFE076590FD96F988" box="[455,562,1524,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and have labelled it accordingly. The other specimen in the SMT has been lost (Uwe Kallmeit, pers. comm.). Our examination of the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFBE26678FB29F9B0" box="[1058,1165,1564,1590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
revealed that it was in poor condition and lacking genitalia. 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFCE36620FBDCF9D8" box="[803,1144,1604,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Vargas, L. &amp; Diaz Najera, A. (1953) Nota sobre el examen de tipos de simulidos descritos por el Prof. G. Enderlein. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 13 (2), 137 - 149 + two unnumbered pages with illustrations." type="journal article">Vargas &amp; Díaz Nájera (1953)</bibRefCitation>
had previously recorded that they were unable to observe the genitalia “due to mutilation by psocids “polilla” and that it appeared close to 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFD0066F0FCC6F92B" box="[704,866,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFD0066F0FCC6F92B" box="[704,866,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The thorax and three legs of the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D40FFAAFB2866F0FE9EF950" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
were left pinned (Figs. 11, 12) and the head, wings, and the other three legs have been dissected and mounted on a slide (Fig.40). Coscarón’s synonymy (1987) of this species with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFE846768FE6CF8A3" box="[324,456,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFE846768FE6CF8A3" box="[324,456,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which he regarded as closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D40FFAAFC696768FBE8F8A3" box="[937,1100,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D40FFAAFC696768FBE8F8A3" box="[937,1100,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFB9C6768FE40F8C8" author="Coscaron" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2000) New species records of the blackfly (Diptera-Simuliidae) fauna of Argentina with description of adults, pupa and larva of Simulium oyapockense s. l. and S. seriatum. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95 (2), 179 - 187." type="journal article" year="2000">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón­Arias, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D40FFAAFE356750FD5BF8C8" author="Coscaron-Arias" box="[501,767,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2003) Clave de Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) de Ecuador. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 42 (2), 191 - 219." type="journal article" year="2003">Coscarón­Arias, 2003</bibRefCitation>
), causes no taxonomic problem because both names are now junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FD6A6178FC8BFEB3" box="[682,815,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FD6A6178FC8BFEB3" box="[682,815,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D4FFFA5FCFE6178FC3EFEB0" author="In" box="[830,922,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Enderlein, G. (1936) Simuliologica I. Sitzungsbericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde ausegegeben zu Berlin, 1936, 114 - 130." type="journal article" year="1936">In 1936</bibRefCitation>
, Enderlein described 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FB576178FA8FFEB3" box="[1175,1323,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latidigitus">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FB576178FA8FFEB3" box="[1175,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. latidigitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on two 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FE776120FDB6FED8" box="[439,530,324,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
females collected in Muzo, 
<collectingCountry id="E38C76153D4FFFA5FCB56120FC49FED8" box="[885,1005,324,350]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. In a paper reviewing the Enderlein 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FE446108FE66FE00" box="[388,450,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
at 
<collectionCode id="FD8AAE403D4FFFA5FE2A6108FDE0FE00" box="[490,580,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NMHU</collectionCode>
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D4FFFA5FD8E6108FCACFE00" author="Werner" box="[590,776,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Werner, D. (1996 a) Die Simuliiden-typen der Dipteren-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museum Berlin (Diptera: Simuliidae). Mitteilengun aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 221 - 258." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Werner (1996a)</bibRefCitation>
stated that a “female 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FBD36108FB26FE00" box="[1043,1154,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, and a female 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FEC861F0FE02FE28" box="[264,422,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
bearing the same locality data as the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FCAB61F0FC73FE28" box="[875,983,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
are deposited in the 
<collectionCode id="FD8AAE403D4FFFA5FB1261F0FA88FE28" box="[1234,1324,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NMHU</collectionCode>
collection”. This was based on “all details from the literature in comparison with the collection” (D. Werner, pers. comm.). We have examined this material but found no labels on the specimens referring to 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FD816268FD08FDA0" box="[577,684,524,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FD266268FC2CFDA0" box="[742,904,524,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
. Also, we are unaware of any reference in the Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FDE06250FD3BFDC8" box="[544,671,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
literature designating a 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FC7B6250FB82FDC8" box="[955,1062,564,590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for this species. Paradoxically, the specimen in better condition bears an orange “ 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FC086238FBE5FDF0" box="[968,1089,604,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
” label and the other specimen [recorded as 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FDDF62E0FD2AFD18" box="[543,654,644,670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
] an orange “ 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FCEA62E0FCD3FD18" box="[810,887,644,670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Typus</typeStatus>
” label. The person that selected the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FEC862C8FEE3FD40" box="[264,327,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">typus</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FE4262C8FE50FD40" box="[386,500,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypus</typeStatus>
specimens and labelled the specimens with these orange labels is not known (D. Werner, J. Ziegler, pers. comm.). Since both specimens bear a label in Enderlein’s hand with “ 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FE186298FDBCFC90" box="[472,536,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
” [see “ 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FDAF6298FCC7FC90" bold="true" box="[623,867,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material Examined</emphasis>
”] we consider both specimens as 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FB386298FEEEFCB8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. We have selected the specimen that is in better condition and bears a handwritten label by Coscarón “ 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FDC56328FC3DFCE3" box="[517,921,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatum" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FDC56328FDD0FCE3" box="[517,628,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FD4C6328FCBDFCE3" box="[652,793,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FCF26328FC3DFCE3" box="[818,921,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">seriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
det. 85” as 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FB816328FB08FCE0" box="[1089,1196,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and have labelled it accordingly. The other specimen, which has been pinned through the thorax and is in poor condition due to greasing, has been designated and labelled as 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FB4563F8FA83FC30" box="[1157,1319,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
. Both specimens have been dissected and the head, genitalia, left wing and legs (only one mid and hind leg of the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FDDE6388FD2FFB80" box="[542,651,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
) are mounted on two slides. The thorax, the right wing of each of the two specimens, and the three legs of the 
<typeStatus id="442088273D4FFFA5FC4F6470FC5FFBA8" box="[911,1019,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
remain pinned. We have studied the scutal pattern (Figs. 13, 14) and the morphology of the cibarium (Fig. 41), genitalia (Figs. 55, 69, 83), and wing setation and the leg coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FB9B6400FB57FBFB" box="[1115,1267,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latidigitus">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FB9B6400FB57FBFB" box="[1115,1267,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. latidigitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and accept that this species falls within the morphological variation found in 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FBB064E8FB53FB23" box="[1136,1271,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FBB064E8FB53FB23" box="[1136,1271,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and hence is its junior synonym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2436853D4FFFA5FEF864B8FCECFA38" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D4FFFA5FEF864B8FDD2FB70" author="Crosskey" box="[312,630,1244,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M. (1997) A new taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1997">Crosskey &amp; Howard (1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D4FFFA5FD4264B8FD1AFB70" author="Crosskey" box="[642,702,1244,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M. (2004) A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 82 pp. [web version: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / entomology / projects / blackflies / Inventory. pdf] (accessed 12 December 2004)" type="book" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
) regarded 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FCFA64B8FC1BFB73" box="[826,959,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FCFA64B8FC1BFB73" box="[826,959,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “ 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FBC064B8FB48FB73" box="[1024,1260,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FBC064B8FB13FB73" box="[1024,1207,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">
Simulium 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2DC57EC3D4FFFA5FBB664B8FB13FB73" box="[1142,1207,1244,1269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
, species unplaced to subgenus” in their World Inventory of Blackflies. The morphology of the genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FE556548FDBFFAC3" box="[405,539,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FE556548FDBFFAC3" box="[405,539,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
falls within the variation found in species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FB146548FEEDFAEB" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FB146548FEEDFAEB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FDBF6530FC83FAEB" box="[639,807,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FDBF6530FC83FAEB" box="[639,807,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FCB56530FC5BFAEB" box="[885,1023,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FCB56530FC5BFAEB" box="[885,1023,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FB846530FB6DFAEB" box="[1092,1225,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FB846530FB6DFAEB" box="[1092,1225,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mexicanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group of 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D4FFFA5FEBB6518FDC0FA10" box="[379,612,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, 941 pp." type="book">
Adler 
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FE0A6518FDA5FA13" box="[458,513,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D4FFFA5FDB46518FC49FA10" author="Coscaron" box="[628,1005,1404,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Coscaron, S. (1987) El genero Simulium Latreille en la Region Neotropical: Analisis de los Grupos Supraspecificos, Especies que los Integran y Distribucion Geografica (Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 112 pp." type="book" year="1987">Coscarón (1987, as sub­group)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A4B743D4FFFA5FBF26518FEF2FA38" author="Crosskey" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M. (2004) A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 82 pp. [web version: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / entomology / projects / blackflies / Inventory. pdf] (accessed 12 December 2004)" type="book" year="2004">Crosskey &amp; Howard (2004)</bibRefCitation>
now becomes the 
<taxonomicName id="5C9B4D063D4FFFA5FDF065C0FD3CFA3B" box="[560,664,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="A9EFEA973D4FFFA5FDF065C0FD3CFA3B" box="[560,664,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>