556 lines
50 KiB
XML
556 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131877" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64379599-7629-403d-bda9-41b1a6143749" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127422800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131877" checkinTime="1484554579099" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lisa C. Grubisha, Nicholas J. Dowie, Steven L. Miller, Christina Hazard, Steven M. Trowbridge, Thomas R. Horton & Matthew R. Klooster" docDate="2014" docId="374187F75C27FFFBFF538747FEBAF922" docLanguage="en" docName="Grubisha et al 2014.pdf" docOrigin="Botany 92" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhizopogon kretzerae Grubisha, Dowie, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="533" masterDocId="CB78FF8F5C22FFFCFFC68145FFC5FFED" masterDocTitle="Rhizopogon kretzerae sp. nov.: the rare fungal symbiont in the tripartite system with Pterospora andromedea and Pinus strobus" masterLastPageNumber="534" masterPageNumber="526" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" updateTime="1645160475385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhizopogon kretzerae sp. nov.: the rare fungal symbiont in the tripartite system with Pterospora andromedea and Pinus strobus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lisa C. Grubisha</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nicholas J. Dowie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Steven L. Miller</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christina Hazard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Steven M. Trowbridge</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas R. Horton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Matthew R. Klooster</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Botany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>92</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>526</mods:start>
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<mods:end>534</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1139/cjb-2013-0309</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">64379599-7629-403d-bda9-41b1a6143749</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">246791</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131877" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127422800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131877" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:374187F75C27FFFBFF538747FEBAF922" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/374187F75C27FFFBFF538747FEBAF922" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<subSubSection box="[149,727,1538,1559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[127,794,1500,1983]" box="[149,727,1538,1559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<taxonomicName authority="Grubisha, Dowie" authorityName="Grubisha, Dowie" box="[149,634,1538,1559]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
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<taxonomicName box="[149,368,1538,1559]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[149,368,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon kretzerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Grubisha, Dowie, & Mill
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[644,727,1538,1558]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[217,295,1565,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[127,794,1500,1983]" box="[217,295,1565,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<figureCitation box="[217,256,1565,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">and</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[127,592,1597,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[127,794,1500,1983]" box="[127,592,1597,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,478,1601,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">INDEX FUNGORUM REGISTRATION NUMBER</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[478,485,1597,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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IF 550254
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[127,794,1500,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,217,1634,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[217,224,1630,1650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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Known only from ectomycorrhizal symbioses with
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<taxonomicName box="[127,252,1657,1677]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,252,1657,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and monotropoid mycorrhizal symbioses with the mycoheterotrophic plant
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<taxonomicName box="[393,614,1683,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[393,614,1683,1703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Pterospora andromedea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in eastern North America.
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<taxonomicName box="[220,408,1710,1730]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[220,408,1710,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon kretzerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName box="[676,787,1710,1730]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="salebrosus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[676,787,1710,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">R. salebrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, presently the closest identified species, by two indels found in the ITS1 and 12 fixed nucleotide differences, three in the ITS1 and nine in the ITS2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[127,794,1500,1983]" box="[127,375,1823,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,212,1828,1842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">HOLOTYPE</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[212,219,1823,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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DAOM 242738
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[127,794,1500,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,210,1861,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">LOCATION</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[210,217,1857,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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United States of America, Michigan, Ottawa National Forest, 46.64271°N, 89.17873°W. Collection number: Miller 207, Collected: 4 August 2011 by N.J. Dowie and S.L. Miller. DAOM 242738 is a specimen from silica-dried, dead culture isolated from
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<taxonomicName box="[127,347,1963,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,347,1963,1983]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Pterospora andromedea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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roots, stored with silica.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[841,1509,471,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,940,476,490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">ETYMOLOGY</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[941,948,471,491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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Named in honor of Dr. Annette Kretzer (State Univer- sity of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA), whose pioneering work on the population genetics of
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<taxonomicName authority="A.H. Sm." authorityName="A.H. Sm." box="[1219,1509,526,546]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="vinicolor">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1219,1412,526,546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon vinicolor</emphasis>
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A.H. Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="A.H. Sm." authorityName="A.H. Sm." box="[885,1186,553,573]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="vesiculosus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[885,1094,553,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon vesiculosus</emphasis>
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A.H. Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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advanced our understanding of
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<taxonomicName box="[841,947,580,600]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,947,580,600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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evolutionary biology and provided inspiration to many mycologists and students.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[841,1509,471,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,949,646,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[949,956,641,661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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Macroscopic and microscopic observations were made from a live culture of isolate Miller 207 but not the dried specimen that was deposited as the holotype because these notes were made after the dried holotype specimen was deposited at DAOM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[841,1509,471,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,1118,788,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1118,1125,784,804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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Mycelial mat whitish at first (circa one week), aerial hyphae developing shades of pale brownish grey, older cultures (circa three weeks) pale reddish grey to gray- ish red, brownish orange, light brown or brown, often with patches of lighter color scattered across the colony (). Under U.V. light, light purple with dark purple patches; reverse brown, uniform, with radiating fans at the margin; mycelial mat floccose when first isolated, becoming low, dense, felty with age and with repeated transfers; margin irregular, whispy, aerial mycelium sparser toward edge, hyphae submerged at edge of colony when younger, submerged area overgrown on surface with fine hyphae in age, darker brown-like reverse appearing as a dark halo sur- rounding mycelial mat, minute knots of hyphae scattered to abundant at margin and throughout colony, concolorous with mycelium or lighter in color; maximum growth rate 3.0–3.4 cm in one month at 25 °C; odor strong, sweet, and pleasant.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[841,1509,471,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,1112,1227,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1113,1120,1223,1243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">:</emphasis>
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Hyphae of interior of mycelial mat mostly 3–7 um, thick-walled, smooth, frequently swollen at sep- tations or forming vesciculose, catenulate cells, 6–33 µm wide, thin-walled, easily collapsing; branching mostly simple, dendritic hyphae common; septae simple; clamps absent. Hyphae of ex- terior of mycelial mat mostly 3–10 µm, cylindrical, branching simple, dendritic hyphae common, few swollen catenulate cells present, moderately thick-walled, heavily encrusted overall or in discreet patches with granular, pale brown pigment in KOH, in Melzer's Reagent pigment darker brown (dextriniod), soluble and floating free from the hyphal wall and appearing large globular or amorphous; septae simple; clamps absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[841,1509,471,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,1091,1557,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1091,1311,1552,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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:
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<taxonomicName box="[1108,1311,1552,1572]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1108,1311,1552,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon kretzerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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appears to be re- stricted to areas with
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<taxonomicName box="[1075,1199,1579,1599]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1075,1199,1579,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[1255,1477,1579,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1255,1477,1579,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Pterospora andromedea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName box="[841,930,1606,1626]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,930,1606,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. strobus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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alone in Northern Michigan, New York, New Hampshire, and southern Quebec. identified
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<taxonomicName box="[1397,1509,1633,1653]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1509,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName box="[907,1007,1660,1680]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[907,1007,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. strobus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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roots within a
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<taxonomicName box="[1194,1345,1660,1680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1194,1345,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. andromedea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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rootball from Keweenaw County, Michigan. A soil bioassay study has shown that the frequency of
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<taxonomicName box="[1072,1183,1714,1734]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1072,1183,1714,1734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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propagules in soil increases in
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<taxonomicName box="[841,931,1741,1761]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,931,1741,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. strobus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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areas where
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<taxonomicName box="[1068,1207,1741,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1068,1207,1741,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. andromedea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is reproductively active with
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<taxonomicName box="[841,950,1768,1788]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,950,1768,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurring at a frequency from 6% of soil samples from sites with
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<taxonomicName box="[948,1038,1795,1815]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[948,1038,1795,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. strobus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to 14% to 25% (site vs. plot) in soils with both
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<taxonomicName box="[841,931,1822,1842]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,931,1822,1842]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[982,1120,1822,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[982,1120,1822,1842]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">P. andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
().
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[841,1509,471,1983]" lastBlockId="6.[127,795,1097,1683]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,933,1860,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">COMMENTS</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[933,1151,1855,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[951,1151,1855,1875]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[951,1151,1855,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the first record of a
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1402,1508,1855,1875]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1402,1508,1855,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[945,1059,1882,1902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Amylopogon</emphasis>
|
||
species that occurs in eastern North Amer- ica (i.e., east of the Mississippi River in US;;). Presently, there are no known annotated herbarium collections of the basidiocarp. Monotropoid mycorrhizal rootballs of eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[235,374,1097,1117]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[235,374,1097,1117]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P. andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[425,534,1097,1117]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[425,534,1097,1117]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have diameters reaching a maximum of approximately 1.5 inches and are substantially smaller than rootballs of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[382,516,1150,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[382,516,1150,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P. andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[567,680,1150,1170]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="salebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[567,680,1150,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. salebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in western North America (). Ultrastructure of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[548,689,1177,1197]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[548,689,1177,1197]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P. andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
monotropoid roots has been described in detail by
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[127,1474,176,222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,406,176,195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[200,406,176,195]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[200,406,176,195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[200,293,176,195]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urosporidae" genus="Pterospora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eugregarinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">Pterospora</taxonomicName>
|
||
andromedea
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[454,554,176,195]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[454,554,176,195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. monotropoid mycorrhizal rootballs. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[992,1178,176,195]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[992,1178,176,195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[992,1092,176,195]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Rhizopogon</taxonomicName>
|
||
kretzerae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rootball visible at soil surface. (B) Close up of a much larger
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[412,522,203,222]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="salebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[412,522,203,222]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. salebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rootball from western North America (photographs by N.J. Dowie).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[182,188,1230,1250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[127,795,1097,1683]" box="[182,188,1230,1250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[127,795,1097,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,385,1268,1282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[386,639,1263,1283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[403,639,1263,1283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[403,639,1263,1283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Pterospora andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
monotropoid mycorrhizal roots DAOM 242739, Location: Canada, province of Quebec, 45.4947°N, 76.3786°W; Collection number: Quebec A21, Collected: 26 July 2012 by M.R. Klooster and L.C. Grubisha; DAOM 242740, Location: Canada, province of Quebec, 45.4947°N, 76.3786°W; Collection number: Quebec A22, Collected: 26 July 2012 by M.R. Klooster and L.C. Grubisha; DAOM 242741, Location: Canada, province of Quebec, 47.2900°N, 79.4566°W, Collection number: Quebec D16, Collected 27 July 2012 by M.R. Klooster and L.C. Grubisha; DAOM 242742, Location: Canada, province of Quebec, 47.3166°N, 79.4533°W, Collection number: Quebec E22, Collected: 27 July 2012 by M.R. Klooster and L.C. Grubisha; DAOM 242743, Location: Canada, province of Quebec, 45.4672°N, 75.8069°W, Collection number: Quebec H11, Collected: 27 July 2012 by M.R. Klooster and L.C. Grubisha. All root samples were dried in silica gel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[127,794,1712,1983]" box="[127,267,1712,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[127,267,1712,1737]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,267,1712,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[127,794,1712,1983]" lastBlockId="6.[841,1509,1098,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
In this study,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Grubisha, Dowie" authorityName="Grubisha, Dowie" box="[306,699,1750,1770]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[306,509,1750,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Rhizopogon kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
Grubisha, Dowie
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, & Mill., sp. nov. was described. This is also the first report of the distribution of this rare fungus in Quebec from five locations covering approximately 430 km. Since there are no known basidiocarp collections, the species description was based on ITS sequence data, ecological information, and a morphological description of the culture isolated from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[401,542,1910,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[401,542,1910,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P. andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots. The results from phylogenetic analyses presented here and in previous studies (;) are strong evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[958,1069,1098,1118]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[958,1069,1098,1118]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species according to the phylogenetic species concept. If a basidiocarp is collected at some future time, the present description should be amended. Prior to this study, two GenBank environmental sequences (AF442136, DQ426677) had a>99% identity and both came to be known by some variation of the cumbersome phrase “the unnamed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1360,1462,1234,1254]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1360,1462,1234,1254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[909,1018,1261,1281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Amylopogon</emphasis>
|
||
that associates with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1238,1375,1261,1281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1238,1375,1261,1281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P. andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the east” (;), which can now be referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[894,1003,1315,1335]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[894,1003,1315,1335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, now it is possible to communicate ecological information about
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1144,1252,1343,1363]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1144,1252,1343,1363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
if this species is found in environmental samples not associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1307,1406,1370,1390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1307,1406,1370,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Pterospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in future studies of pines in eastern North America. Likewise, identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[866,974,1424,1444]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[866,974,1424,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from soil near
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1126,1214,1424,1444]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1126,1214,1424,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P. strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may indicate the presence of potential candidate sites for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1136,1235,1451,1471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1136,1235,1451,1471]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Pterospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
restoration efforts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[841,1509,1098,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
Nucleotide divergence estimates provided a quantitative measure for comparing how sequences between species differ at the molecular level. In previous fungal studies, these statistics provided additional molecular evidence in support of speciation events in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[914,1090,1586,1606]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="muscaria">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[914,1090,1586,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Amanita muscaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Tricholomataceae" genus="Tricholoma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="scalpturatum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Tricholoma scalpturatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (), and in identifying two lineages of cryptic species in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1139,1347,1640,1660]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Tricholomataceae" genus="Tricholoma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="populinum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1139,1347,1640,1660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Tricholoma populinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[841,1509,1098,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
). In this study,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1050,1160,1667,1687]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1050,1160,1667,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1212,1331,1667,1687]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="salebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1212,1331,1667,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R. salebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are separated by the fewest number of fixed nucleotide differences (12) that support an apparent sister-group relationship in the unrooted phylogeny (). A phylogeny with an outgroup was not shown due to the large number of gaps and ambiguously aligned positions that needed to be removed for analyses, which would have removed too many informative positions within the ingroup. Phylogenetic assessments of species in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1286,1397,1855,1875]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1286,1397,1855,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,955,1882,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Amylopogon</emphasis>
|
||
based on multiple nuclear loci are currently underway (N.J. Dowie, unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[841,1509,1098,1983]" lastBlockId="7.[127,794,177,1743]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
The lack of historic collections of basidiocarps in herbaria or collection by contemporary researchers of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1272,1371,1963,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1272,1371,1963,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Pterospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1402,1508,1963,1983]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1402,1508,1963,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may stem from a variety of reasons. This species may no longer reproduce sexually in nature due to severely altered environmental conditions (e.g., fire suppression), or alternatively, basidiocarps are produced but (1) at a time when no one has searched for them (e.g., early or late in the fruiting season); (2) are deeper in the soil profile than is typical for finding
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[517,623,310,330]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[517,623,310,330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
basidiocarps; or (3) at a very low frequency and less likely to be collected. Hypothesis 3 is supported by the low frequency in which
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[643,753,363,383]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[643,753,363,383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been identified in soil bioassays () when compared with similar studies on western North America
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[687,793,417,437]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[687,793,417,437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (;).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[127,794,177,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
In this study, two strategies were implemented to avoid naming an already described species. First, 22 ITS holotype and paratype sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[261,367,523,543]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,367,523,543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[473,587,523,543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Amylopogon</emphasis>
|
||
were retrieved from GenBank for phylogenetic comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[559,669,550,570]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[559,669,550,570]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(). Second, partial to entire ITS sequences were determined from four
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[127,233,603,623]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,233,603,623]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotypes collected in Michigan that were associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[181,231,630,650]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,231,630,650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., but subsequently shown to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[687,793,630,650]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[687,793,630,650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenera other than subgenus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[452,566,657,677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Amylopogon</emphasis>
|
||
. These results support
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[127,794,177,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
who had synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[487,625,683,703]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="superiorensis">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[487,625,683,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. superiorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[684,788,683,703]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="succossus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[684,788,683,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. succossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Zeller" authorityName="Zeller" box="[292,469,710,730]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="baxteri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[292,390,710,730]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. baxteri</emphasis>
|
||
, Zeller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had originally identified the collection Baxter2578 as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[380,491,737,757]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[380,491,737,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see original herbarium card;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[127,794,177,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
). Owing to the high similarity of Baxter2578 with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[182,295,790,810]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[182,295,790,810]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[349,448,790,810]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="roseolus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[349,448,790,810]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. roseolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences, it is unclear whether
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[127,216,817,837]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="baxteri">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,216,817,837]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. baxteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a unique species; however, this, along with determining the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[428,560,843,863]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gelatinosus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[428,560,843,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. gelatinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MICH 3268 and holotypes
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[189,314,870,890]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gelatinosus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,314,870,890]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. gelatinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MICH 12392 and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[493,591,870,890]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pinicola">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[493,591,870,890]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">R. pinicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MICH 12404 will be left for investigation in future studies as it is beyond the scope of the current study. The ITS2 primers introduced here (R370F and R536R) may be useful in future studies of historic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[645,751,950,970]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[645,751,950,970]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[127,794,177,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[149,373,1003,1023]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[149,373,1003,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Pterospora andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations in Quebec were reproductively active in July 2012 despite a widespread drought in southeastern Canada. We found plants at five out of seven sites visited based on 10 historic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[344,443,1083,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[344,443,1083,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Pterospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
locations listed on the collecting permit provided by Quebec's provincial government. Four of five sites had more than 10 plants, but only one site had more than 20 plants. Stems from 2011 were present at all sites that had flowering plants in 2012, but were equal or fewer in number to those counted in 2012. However, the total number of stems present in 2012 at these five sites was lower than in previous records (24–270) provided on the collecting permit. The low number to complete absence of plants observed in 2012 could have been the result of: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[133,139,1323,1343]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">i</emphasis>
|
||
) the severe drought, (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[356,368,1323,1343]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">ii</emphasis>
|
||
) a simple reflection of the sporadic nature of the flowering pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[406,505,1350,1370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[406,505,1350,1370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Pterospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the plant is abundant in some years and completely absent in others, similar to the fruiting pattern of some fungi, or (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[484,502,1403,1423]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">iii</emphasis>
|
||
) an indication that the Quebec populations are in serious decline, as has been shown in other eastern populations. Continued monitoring of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[632,731,1457,1477]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[632,731,1457,1477]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Pterospora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sites, historic and contemporary, is necessary to gain a better understanding of the ecology and reproductive biology of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[127,794,177,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
This work is the first installment of a series of conservation genetics and phylogeographic studies of eastern and western populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[244,464,1590,1610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[244,464,1590,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Pterospora andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[516,622,1590,1610]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,622,1590,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
symbionts. Conservation management plans and scientific studies may now refer to this potentially rare fungal species as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[579,788,1643,1663]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="kretzerae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[579,788,1643,1663]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon kretzerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, instead of the formerly used name “the undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[683,794,1670,1690]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Rhizopogonaceae" genus="Rhizopogon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[683,794,1670,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Rhizopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[239,357,1697,1717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Amylopogon</emphasis>
|
||
species that associates with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pterospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andromedea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Pterospora andromedea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the east”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |