189 lines
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189 lines
20 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" ID-ZooBank="7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-99" checkinTime="1667366289781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Moers, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="DC75F998A42E5025BDD32FDB952ABD09" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 99-145" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" docTitle="O. indet." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" masterDocTitle="Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1667366289781" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0678</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">davit.vasilyan@jurassica.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-5824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC75F998A42E5025BDD32FDB952ABD09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC75F998A42E5025BDD32FDB952ABD09" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="DC75F998-A42E-5025-BDD3-2FDB952ABD09" authority="indet." authorityName="indet." family="Anguidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anguinae">Anguinae indet.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Anguinae indet. from the Echzell locality. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1966 in (A) lateral, and (B) medial views. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1967 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1968 in (F) medial view. Dorsal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1969 in (G) anterior, (H) posterior, (I) dorsal and (J) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682235" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1966, one right and one left dentaries HLMD-Ez 1967-1968, 12 dorsal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 1969-1980.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Maxilla: Only a fragment of the right maxilla is preserved (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Anguinae indet. from the Echzell locality. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1966 in (A) lateral, and (B) medial views. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1967 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1968 in (F) medial view. Dorsal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1969 in (G) anterior, (H) posterior, (I) dorsal and (J) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682235" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">15A, B</figureCitation>
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). It represents the area around the superior alveolar foramen plus the section of the posteroventral process. This maxillary fragment bears eight tooth positions (one tooth is still attached). The otherwise smooth lateral surface is pierced by the labial foramina - three and a half are preserved. The medial side bears the well-developed supradental shelf. At the level of the fifth tooth position (counted from posterior), the shelf expands medially to form the palatine articulation. At this level, the superior alveolar foramen is located on the dorsal side of the shelf. Only the base of the nasal process is preserved; the rest of the bone is broken off. The posterior portion gradually narrows into the posteroventral process. Its dorsal margin smoothly decreases ventrally without being stepped.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682235" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anguinae">Anguinae</taxonomicName>
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indet. from the Echzell locality. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1966 in (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
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) lateral, and (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
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) medial views. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1967 in (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
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) lateral, (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
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) medial and (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
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) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1968 in (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
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) medial view. Dorsal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1969 in (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
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) anterior, (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
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) posterior, (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
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) dorsal and (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">J</emphasis>
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) ventral views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Dentary: Two dentary fragments are preserved, both representing only the posterior portions (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Anguinae indet. from the Echzell locality. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1966 in (A) lateral, and (B) medial views. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1967 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1968 in (F) medial view. Dorsal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1969 in (G) anterior, (H) posterior, (I) dorsal and (J) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682235" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">15C-F</figureCitation>
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). The right one (HLMD-Ez 1967) possesses five tooth positions, where the penultimate and fourth (counted from posterior) are still partly preserved. Except for two labial foramina, the lateral surface is smooth (only one foramen is preserved in HLMD-Ez 1968). The medial surface exhibits open
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Meckel`s">Meckel's</normalizedToken>
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groove, which narrows anteriorly. It is roofed by the concave, shallow subdental shelf. The position of the anterior inferior alveolar foramen between the dentary and a splenial can be recognized at the level of the fifth tooth position, but this area appears to be eroded. The alveolar foramen is located at the level of the third tooth position. The intramandibular septum, which separates the alveolar canal from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Meckel`s">Meckel's</normalizedToken>
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groove, is completely fused with the body of the dentary (the free ventral portion is absent). The surangular spine is damaged, so only its root portion can be recognized. The angular process is broken off. The other posterior processes are damaged. The left dentary HLMD-Ez 1968 represents a specimen with four tooth positions - only one complete tooth and the base of another one are still preserved. The position of the anterior inferior alveolar foramen can be still recognized on the subdental shelf. The splenial spine is absent in both specimens. Due to poor preservation of this area, however, this appears to represent a postmortal damage only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Dentition: The tooth implantation is shallowly pleurodont. The teeth are large, well exposed over the dorsal crest, which supports them laterally. They are conical and distinctly recurved. Their tips are pointed. The mesial and distal cutting edges are well developed. The tooth bases are broad, being pierced by resorption pits. In most cases, the pits are located slightly posterior to the tooth axis. The dentary teeth are smooth by weathering (or affected by digestive process of carnivores), the maxillary tooth crown possesses fine but dense striations on both labial and lingual sides.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Dorsal vertebra: The description is based on the well-preserved specimen HLMD-Ez 1969 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Anguinae indet. from the Echzell locality. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1966 in (A) lateral, and (B) medial views. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1967 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1968 in (F) medial view. Dorsal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1969 in (G) anterior, (H) posterior, (I) dorsal and (J) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682235" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">15G-J</figureCitation>
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). The vertebral centrum is anteroposteriorly elongated. The height of the vertebra gradually increases posteriorly. The neural spine is low, however, its dorsal portion is broken off. It forms a ridge running along almost the entire length of the dorsal section of the neural arch. In dorsal view, the ridge is thin, becoming less distinct in the anterior section. In the posterior third of its length, it is well defined and widens at its posterior end. The neural canal is high and well arched dorsally. The cotyle is depressed, being mediolaterally expanded and broader than the neural canal. However, the maximum height of the cotyle is lower than the maximum dorsoventral height of the neural canal. The pre- and postzygapophyses are well expanded laterally; a well-developed interzygapophyseal constriction is located between them. The pre- and postzygapophyses have elliptical articulation surfaces, oriented more or less anteroposteriorly. The prezygapophyses are inclined from the horizontal plane at an angle of approximately 30°. The synapophyses are protruding laterally, being square in shape. The condyle, which is well-protruded posteriorly, is markedly depressed as well as the above-mentioned cotyle. The ventral surface of the centrum is flat. It is pierced by two subcentral foramina in the anterior one-third of the centrum. The lateral margins of the centrum have a concave course, running more anterolaterally from the level of the subcentral foramina.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Among extant anguine genera, the morphology of herein described vertebrae resembles that of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="232 - 257" refId="B30" refString="Cernansky, A, Yaryhin, O, Cicekova, J, Werneburg, I, Hain, M, Klembara, J, 2019. Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus. The Anatomical Record 302: 232 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" title="Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" volume="302" year="2019">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The maxilla with markedly recurved teeth and vertebrae similar to those from Echzell have been described also from Gratkorn (see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" author="Boehme, M" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="21 - 40" refId="B9" refString="Boehme, M, Vasilyan, D, 2014. Ectothermic vertebrates from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 94: 21 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" title="Ectothermic vertebrates from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" volume="94" year="2014">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
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and Vasilyan 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Such a distinct tooth curvature is not very typical among members of extant
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22854" author="Klembara, J" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="516 - 544" refId="B80" refString="Klembara, J, Hain, M, Dobiasova, K, 2014. Comparative anatomy of the lower jaw and dentition of Pseudopus apodus and the interrelationships of species of subfamily Anguinae (Anguimorpha, Anguidae). The Anatomical Record 297: 516 - 544, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22854" title="Comparative anatomy of the lower jaw and dentition of Pseudopus apodus and the interrelationships of species of subfamily Anguinae (Anguimorpha, Anguidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22854" volume="297" year="2014">Klembara et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), but can be found in fossil species, e.g. in
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<taxonomicName family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. acuminatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">O. acuminatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a28" author="Klembara, J" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="539 - 557" refId="B75" refString="Klembara, J, Cernansky, A, 2020. Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Joerg, 1965 Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany. Geodiversitas 42: 539 - 557, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a28" title="Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Joerg, 1965 Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a28" volume="42" year="2020">
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Klembara and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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). However, it should be noted that some features in the dentary, such as the presence of a splenial spine, cannot be supported with confidence due to poor preservation. Moreover, another crucial reason exists why the allocation of this material to
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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might be problematic - the occurrence of a new taxon
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<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in both Echzell and Gratkorn localities. We cannot entirely exclude the very plausible option that some of those specimens (if not all) belong to this newly described taxon. For this reason, we allocated this material only as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anguinae">Anguinae</taxonomicName>
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indet. Caution is also needed in regards to interpretations of isolated jaw fragments and isolated vertebrae from other European Miocene localities, where such incomplete and fragmentary materials are often described as
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. More complete and articulated material of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in which bones can be associated together to observe the anatomy of this taxon, is crucial to resolve this problem.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |