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<document id="074AA377AA6AE7312B819B3AECAFE601" ID-DOI="10.1080/002229301750384293" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620912160417" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Maldonado, Manuel, Carmona, M. Carmen, Van Soest, Rob W. M. &amp; Pomponi, Shirley A." docDate="2001" docId="71028782997FFFA0FE57E81DFD80FB7A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.35.1261-1276.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 35 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Discorhabdella Dendy 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1268" masterDocId="8D3BFFFA9976FFA9FFCBE90BFFC3FF85" masterDocTitle="First record of the sponge genera Crambe and Discorhabdella for the eastern Paci ® c, with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="1276" masterPageNumber="1261" pageNumber="1268" updateTime="1698917961954" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EA154CCB6019F0C6F2034B282D6EC66E">First record of the sponge genera Crambe and Discorhabdella for the eastern Paci ® c, with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6F435BA07EB4722B9496826F6F68B965">Maldonado, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF66F72C811E2907952439AE3CEF8278">Carmona, M. Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD9C8A1D2AFEDBF475FCECD62A0ACB6A">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E3B8ED5587B5068CE451AB60DC027836">Pomponi, Shirley A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7088196B4AB7BBB4C1291FE9D5561C82">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1AFCFFD3CBBA0C9ECE8662497C2B5F8D">2001</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="F9143694997FFFA0FE57E81DFD19FEAB" blockId="9.[412,730,278,302]" box="[412,730,278,302]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">
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<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FE57E81DFD19FEAB" ID-CoL="84N95" authority="Dendy, 1924" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[412,730,278,302]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FE57E81DFDFCFEAB" bold="true" box="[412,575,278,302]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D3A4B65997FFFA0FD81E81DFD19FEAB" author="DENDY, A." box="[586,730,278,302]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" pagination="269" refId="ref7931" refString="DENDY, A., 1924, Porifera. Part I: non-Antarctic sponges, British Antarctic Terra Nova Expedition. 1910 ± 1913, Zool., 6 (3), 269 ± 392." type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="B1B1651F997FFFA0FF4DE847FD80FB7A" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F9143694997FFFA0FF4DE847FCFAFD87" blockId="9.[93,1050,331,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FF4DE847FF3BFEE6" box="[134,248,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Encrusting poecilosclerids characterized by a category of small acanthostyles with a globate tyle and a short shaft with spines concentrated towards the end, along with a category of large choanosomal tylostyles with tuberose tyles, and a category of small ectosomal subtylostyles. A single category of anchorate-unguifer - ate isochelae occurs in all species, except one of the new species described herein. Microxeas and sigmas may also occur, depending upon species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9143694997FFFA0FF4DEB01FD80FB7A" blockId="9.[93,1050,331,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FF4DEB01FF33FDA7" box="[134,240,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Remarks.</emphasis>
The acanthostyle of
<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FDCAEB01FD67FDA7" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[513,676,522,546]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FDCAEB01FD67FDA7" box="[513,676,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
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is highly characteristic in possessing a globate tyle, the hypertrophy of which is so important in some species that the spicule resembles an aster, and is termed a`pseudoastrose acanthostyle (
<bibRefCitation id="9D3A4B65997FFFA0FC0DEB41FF51FD07" author="DENDY, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" pagination="269" refId="ref7931" refString="DENDY, A., 1924, Porifera. Part I: non-Antarctic sponges, British Antarctic Terra Nova Expedition. 1910 ± 1913, Zool., 6 (3), 269 ± 392." type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy, 1924</bibRefCitation>
). SEM observations reveal axial canals within the spines of the globate tyle, indicating that the presumed spines are actually actines and suggesting that these peculiar acanthostyles have evolved from a polyaxonid spicule, an ancestor most likely shared with the aster-like desmas of
<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FD94EBC1FD75FD67" box="[607,694,714,738]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FD94EBC1FD75FD67" box="[607,694,714,738]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Crambe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9D3A4B65997FFFA0FD04EBC1FBD3FD67" author="URIZ, M. J. &amp; MALDONADO, M." box="[719,1040,714,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" pagination="1" refId="ref9461" refString="URIZ, M. J. and MALDONADO, M., 1995, A reconsideration of the relationship between polyaxonid and monaxonid spicules in Demospongiae: new data from the genera Crambe and Discorhabdella, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 1 ± 15." type="journal article" year="1995">Uriz and Maldonado, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9D3A4B65997FFFA0FF96EBE2FE4CFC84" author="MALDONADO, M. &amp; URIZ, M. J." box="[93,399,745,769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" pagination="369" refId="ref8984" refString="MALDONADO, M. and URIZ, M. J., 1996, Skeletal morphology of two controversial poecilosclerid genera (Porifera, Demospongiae): Discorhabdella and Crambe, HelgolaEnder Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 369 ± 390." type="journal article" year="1996">Maldonado and Uriz, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). The fact that
<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FDF5EBE2FD56FC84" box="[574,661,745,769]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FDF5EBE2FD56FC84" box="[574,661,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Crambe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FD07EBE2FCACFC84" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[716,879,745,769]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FD07EBE2FCACFC84" box="[716,879,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
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share virtually identical spicule complement except for the aster-like desmas and the pseudoastrose acanthostyles is also consistent with the idea of aster-like desmas and pseudoastrose acanthostyle s being homologous spicules. The alternative hypothesi s that the pseudoastrose acanthostyles would not be non-polyaxonid in origin, but derived from regular diactinal acanthostyles is unlikely. From such an alternative view, the presence of axial canals in the aster-like tyles of
<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FDAFEAA3FCC4FC45" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[612,775,936,960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FDAFEAA3FCC4FC45" box="[612,775,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
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cannot be explained in agreement with the traditional actinal theory that distinguished between actines and spines in the spicules on the basis of the presence
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FD5AEAE3FD5AFB83" bold="true" box="[657,665,1000,1030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">/</emphasis>
absence of axial canals within the structure (
<bibRefCitation id="9D3A4B65997FFFA0FF18ED03FE98FBA5" author="SOLLAS, W. J." box="[211,347,1032,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" pagination="1" refId="ref9292" refString="SOLLAS, W. J., 1888, Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S.`Challenger' during the years 1873 ± 76, Report of the Scienti W c Results of the Voyage of H. M. S.`Challenger' 1873 ± 76, 25, 1 ± 458." type="journal article" year="1888">Sollas, 1888</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9D3A4B65997FFFA0FEA7ED03FDCAFBA5" author="DENDY, A." box="[364,521,1032,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" pagination="95" refId="ref7903" refString="DENDY, A., 1921 b, The textraxonid sponge-spicule: a study in evolution, Acta Zoologica. Stockholm, 2, 95 ± 152." type="journal article" year="1921">Dendy, 1921b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9D3A4B65997FFFA0FDD1ED03FD8CFBA5" author="DENDY, A." box="[538,591,1032,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" pagination="1" refId="ref7968" refString="DENDY, A., 1926, On the origin, growth, and arrangement of sponge-spicules: a study in symbiosis, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 70 (1), 1 ± 74." type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, if aster-like desmas and pseudoastrose acanthostyles are considered non-homologous, the enormous similarity between
<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FF21ED43FE83FBE5" box="[234,320,1096,1120]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FF21ED43FE83FBE5" box="[234,320,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Crambe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3EAB4D17997FFFA0FEB6ED43FDE3FBE5" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[381,544,1096,1120]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDFEA86997FFFA0FEB6ED43FDE3FBE5" box="[381,544,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1268">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in composition, structure and arrangement of the remaining spicule set would have to be explained by evolutionary convergence. Such a process is clearly unrealistic in probabilistic terms, given the large number of skeletal traits and micro-traits that should have converged (e.g. pattern of axial canals, spicule micro-ornamentation, spicule sizes and arrangement, etc.). It is also unsupported from any anatomic evidence.
</paragraph>
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