187 lines
23 KiB
XML
187 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="62FB489873BF998576EF0565D0F3D822">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FABE4BE25BEE16AFCF2E97CA7047DE34">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="819B8FCDC7121A322D83731DC85D794C">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EBBBAA050BAD8B3E1ABFEDA8DAAB261F" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="75DAEE15F8646CA06FFD5E0A949C7634">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB2DCD8810E23FE012FC459D12D61240">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9674892EF8B52846E84A7C4C7F5A1F1F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8D04A12A2192A348625BF8B80977D486">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B5A49E52E68D6FABF3705C6EE1251941">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFFF5FFDEE0D0530B8FA5FCE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518050" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789573" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518050" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFF5FFDEE0D0530B8FA5FCE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFFF5FFDEE0D0530B8FA5FCE5" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFF5FFDFE0D0530B8CEAFD2C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFF5FFDFE0D0530B8CDBFE9D" blockId="52.[151,1437,294,969]" box="[151,508,294,321]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="604781C1FFF5FFDFE0D0530B8CDBFE9D" bold="true" box="[151,508,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFF5FFDFE0D0530B8CDBFE9D" ID-CoL="34S5T" ID-ENA="150708" baseAuthorityName="Beireis" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[151,508,294,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophyllatus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF5FFDFE0D0530B8CDBFE9D" bold="true" box="[151,508,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dendropsophus leucophyllatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFF5FFDFE08053678CEAFD2C" blockId="52.[151,1437,294,969]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF5FFDFE08053678CE8FEB8" bold="true" box="[199,463,330,356]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on three tadpoles at Stage 39 (LCS 665, 670). Total length 26.2 ±
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFF5FFDFE0D053438DC8FE55" box="[151,239,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
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(N = 3). Body elongate oval in dorsal view and triangular/depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFF5FFDFE4FD53438863FE54" box="[1210,1348,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[166,1413,998,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-366@52.[151,1436,992,1939]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 26. Tadpole of Dendropsophus leucophyllatus (MZUSP 64335) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518034/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 26A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout truncated in dorsal and lateral view. Eyes medium-sized, laterally positioned and directed. Nostrils small, rounded, laterally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFF5FFDFE15553F78C5EFE28" box="[274,377,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[166,1413,998,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-366@52.[151,1436,992,1939]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 26. Tadpole of Dendropsophus leucophyllatus (MZUSP 64335) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518034/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
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) terminal, non-emarginate; marginal papillae blunt, uniseriate, with a wide dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae absent. LTRF 0/0; dermal ridges insinuated. Jaw sheaths moderately wide, both finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath U-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, lateroventral, conical, short and wide, posterodorsally directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube dextral, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin shallow, slightly convex, originating at the tail-body junction; ventral fin of moderate height, slightly convex. Lateral line visible. Tail with flagellum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFF5FFDEE08050D78C2DFEB9" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFF5FFDFE08050D789A9FC15" blockId="52.[151,1437,294,969]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF5FFDFE08050D78C07FCC8" bold="true" box="[199,288,762,788]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative body and caudal musculature dark brown, with a broad dark longitudinal stripe from snout to eyes; fins pigmented, with translucent spots on the posterior third of the tail. In life dorsum brown to copper, venter silvery black; two broad longitudinal stripes run along the sides of the body; one black at the level of the eye and one silver just below. Posterior third to two-thirds of the tail heavily stained. Otherwise tail fin transparent.
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF5FFDFE0D051A78C99FC79" author="Caldwell, J. P. & Araujo, M. C." box="[151,446,906,933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref75239" refString="Caldwell, J. P. & Araujo, M. C. (2005) Amphibian faunas of two eastern Amazonian rainforest sites in Para, Brazil. Occasional papers of the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, 16, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="2005">Caldwell & Araújo (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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described the colour of newly hatched tadpoles from Pará,
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF5FFDFE41151A789BAFC78" box="[1110,1181,906,932]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, as yellow-brown with a dark brown stripe on the tail bordered above by a gold stripe, clear fins, and eyes copper.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FFF5FFDFE0D055868F64F83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518034/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,250,1963,1987]" targetBox="[166,1413,998,1935]" targetPageId="52">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFF5FFDFE0D055868F64F83B" blockId="52.[151,1436,1963,2023]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF5FFDFE0D055868C38F81F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1963,1987]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFF5FFDFE1D155868FF7F81F" baseAuthorityName="Beireis" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[406,720,1963,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophyllatus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF5FFDFE1D155868FF7F81F" box="[406,720,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dendropsophus leucophyllatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MZUSP 64335) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFF4FFDEE08052BA8C2DFEB9" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF4FFDEE08052BA8CA2FF6C" bold="true" box="[199,389,150,177]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Eggs were not observed in Central Amazonia. Clutches from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE47952BA89BCFF6D" box="[1086,1179,151,177]" name="Ecuador" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE49552BA8822FF6D" box="[1234,1285,151,177]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Peru</collectingCountry>
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contain from 570 to 769 pigmented eggs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE19B52968F48FF09" author="Crump, M. L." box="[476,623,187,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref75836" refString="Crump, M. L. (1974) Reproductive strategies in a tropical anuran community. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 61, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1974">Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE23B52968E17FF09" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[636,816,186,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Eggs are deposited on the tips of leaves overhanging water. Tadpoles are found in temporary ponds in
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE2F852F28FD5FF25" box="[703,754,223,249]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE34652F28E94FF25" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[769,947,222,249]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) or in the root zone of floating meadows in várzea floodplain lakes in Central Amazonia (this study). In eastern Amazonia tadpoles are found amid dense vegetation in small ponds (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE1DA530A8F9FFE9D" author="Caldwell, J. P. & Araujo, M. C." box="[413,696,294,321]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref75239" refString="Caldwell, J. P. & Araujo, M. C. (2005) Amphibian faunas of two eastern Amazonian rainforest sites in Para, Brazil. Occasional papers of the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, 16, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="2005">Caldwell & Araújo 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles are nektonic and the tail flagellum beats independently of the tail.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFF4FFDEE08053438FA5FCE5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFF4FFDEE08053438FA5FCE5" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF4FFDEE08053438C68FE54" bold="true" box="[199,335,366,392]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Comments.</emphasis>
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Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFF4FFDEE19B53428F87FE55" baseAuthorityName="Beireis" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[476,672,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophyllatus">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF4FFDEE19B53428F87FE55" box="[476,672,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. leucophyllatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE33353428914FE55" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[884,1075,367,393]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE432534289F3FE55" box="[1141,1236,367,393]" name="Ecuador" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE499534288BBFE55" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1246,1436,366,393]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE09053BE8C2AFE71" box="[215,269,403,429]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, from northen
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE1FC53BE8CD8FE71" box="[443,511,403,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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in the State of Pará by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE35E53BE8918FE71" author="Gomes, M. R. & Peixoto, O. L." box="[793,1087,403,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="257 - 262" refId="ref77423" refString="Gomes, M. R. & Peixoto, O. L. (1991) Larvas de Hyla do grupo leucophyllata com a descric " o da de Hyla elegans Wied, 1824 e notas sobre a variac " o do colorido no adulto desta especie (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologi a, 51, 257 - 262." type="journal article" year="1991">Gomes & Peixoto (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE43453BE8DC6FE0D" author="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="235 - 270" refId="ref79997" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M. (2011) Clave ilustrada de los renacuajos de las tierras bajas al Oriente de los Andes, con enfasis en Hylidae. Caldasia, 33, 235 - 270." type="journal article" year="2011">Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE162539A8CB1FE0D" box="[293,406,439,465]" name="Colombia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE1B2539A8FF9FE0D" author="Schulze, A. & Jansen, M." box="[501,734,438,465]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref83759" refString="Schulze, A., Jansen, M. & K ˆ hler, G. (2015) Tadpole diversity of Bolivia's lowland anuran communities: molecular identification, morphological characterisation, and ecological assignment. Zootaxa, 4016 (1), 1 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Schulze
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF4FFDEE213539A8FAAFE0D" box="[596,653,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE364539A8E5EFE0D" box="[803,889,439,465]" name="Bolivia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These descriptions generally agree with the tadpoles characterized herein, except that the tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE35F53F68E52FE29" box="[792,885,475,501]" name="Ecuador" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
present body violin-shaped in dorsal view, snout rounded in lateral view (as those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE21553D28FBEFDC5" box="[594,665,511,537]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE2E153D28E92FDC5" author="Gomes, M. R. & Peixoto, O. L." box="[678,949,511,537]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="257 - 262" refId="ref77423" refString="Gomes, M. R. & Peixoto, O. L. (1991) Larvas de Hyla do grupo leucophyllata com a descric " o da de Hyla elegans Wied, 1824 e notas sobre a variac " o do colorido no adulto desta especie (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologi a, 51, 257 - 262." type="journal article" year="1991">Gomes & Peixoto 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), nostrils about midway between the snout and the eye, and one row of large marginal papillae laterally. However, as tadpoles herein characterized, a row of marginal papillae is present around the oral disc except for a dorsal gap in tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE433506A8980FDBD" box="[1140,1191,583,609]" name="Peru" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE4F2506A8841FDBD" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1205,1382,582,609]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and by a uniseriate row of marginal papillae anterolaterally and biseriate posteriorly in tadpoles from the state of Pará,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE0D050A28DFCFD75" box="[151,219,655,681]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE0AB50A28F27FD75" author="Gomes, M. R. & Peixoto, O. L." box="[236,512,655,681]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="257 - 262" refId="ref77423" refString="Gomes, M. R. & Peixoto, O. L. (1991) Larvas de Hyla do grupo leucophyllata com a descric " o da de Hyla elegans Wied, 1824 e notas sobre a variac " o do colorido no adulto desta especie (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologi a, 51, 257 - 262." type="journal article" year="1991">Gomes & Peixoto 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, tadpoles from Pará,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE33C50A28E98FD75" box="[891,959,655,681]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by presenting LRTF 0/1. Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFF4FFDEE27D509E8FABFD11" box="[570,652,691,717]" name="Bolivia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
lowlands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFF4FFDEE34F509E8EC2FD11" author="Schulze, A. & Jansen, M." box="[776,997,690,717]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref83759" refString="Schulze, A., Jansen, M. & K ˆ hler, G. (2015) Tadpole diversity of Bolivia's lowland anuran communities: molecular identification, morphological characterisation, and ecological assignment. Zootaxa, 4016 (1), 1 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Schulze
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFF4FFDEE32D509E8E84FD11" box="[874,931,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differ from those herein characterized by having a violin-shaped body in dorsal view, snout sloped in lateral view, posterior jaw sheath widely V-shaped, nostrils anterolaterally positioned, spiracle sinistral and dorsally directed, vent tube dextral, and dorsal fin emerging posteriorly to border between body and tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |