214 lines
28 KiB
XML
214 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1B800118299174AD17BEA00FC436FB23">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48A3B6961F3E8E7CEF105544BD74B432">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="574C26571E378A4874820DE3C9AB5DBB" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="27C7E04D3B9C5BDE68E22FCDFEFB12E9">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0177D3D90AA3AA38306E5A2CE4A2B086" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8534DF0494911C8660C79B6E2595FD22">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4110AED758B01581297901EED6F50F9D">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="446D49B492AFF52D0750584BB2803341" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6A4F752E1337CF8D8A4AC0FDF07D5CCF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0D1BF99F3C7C21B0740FD3EADB4536DD">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A4B40696A60C0E723618CD7A3C4D2B84">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFFA7FF83E0D054068EBBFD75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518202" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518202" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFA7FF83E0D054068EBBFD75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFFA7FF83E0D054068EBBFD75" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFA7FF8CE0D054068ED7FF09" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA7FF8DE0D054068CB4F99A" blockId="102.[151,1437,1579,2002]" box="[151,403,1579,1606]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<heading id="604781C1FFA7FF8DE0D054068CB4F99A" bold="true" box="[151,403,1579,1606]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA7FF8DE0D054068CB4F99A" ID-CoL="4H7QP" ID-ENA="8393" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1772" box="[151,403,1579,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA7FF8DE0D054068CB4F99A" bold="true" box="[151,403,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Phyllomedusa bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA7FF8CE08054628ED7FF09" blockId="102.[151,1437,1579,2002]" lastBlockId="103.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA7FF8DE08054628CF5F9B5" bold="true" box="[199,466,1615,1641]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on nine tadpoles at Stages 36 and 37 (CZPB-LA 141/274 and 141/275). Total length 43.7 ±
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFA7FF8DE1A5545E8F1FF952" box="[482,568,1651,1678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
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(N = 9). Body elongate oval in dorsal view and triangular in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFA7FF8DE528545E8DCCF96D" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[155,1417,511,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-174@103.[151,1436,489,1954]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 69. Tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (LCS 633) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518164/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 69A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout truncate in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes medium-sized, positioned and directed laterally. Nostrils small, oval, laterally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFA7FF8DE1E854F28F33F925" box="[431,532,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[155,1417,511,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-174@103.[151,1436,489,1954]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 69. Tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (LCS 633) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518164/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 69C</figureCitation>
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) anteroventral, ventrolaterally emarginate; marginal papillae conical, uniseriate, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae present laterally. LTRF 2(2)/3(1); A1 and A2 of the same length; P2 slightly longer than P1; P3 of about half the length of P2. Anterior jaw sheath moderately wide, posterior jaw sheat narrow, both finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath M-shaped, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, ventrolateral, cylindrical, short and wide, posteriorly directed, with a large opening at the medial third of the body, and with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube dextral, fused to the ventral fin, with a dextral opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin originating at the tail-body junction, shallow throughout its length, highest posteriorly, with a unique cord (thickening on the edge of the fin); ventral fin high, convex. Tail tip pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFA6FF83E08052F38E38FE55" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA6FF8CE08052F3880CFE9D" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE08052F38C07FF24" bold="true" box="[199,288,222,248]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative dorsum brownish gray; lateral side of body and belly gray; caudal musculature and the cord pale brown; fins translucent. In life dorsum and anterior part of the body orange; venter silver; caudal musculature with the unique cord pale orange; fins translucent orange; iris silver (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFA6FF8CE3A4530A896EFE9D" box="[995,1097,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[155,1417,511,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-174@103.[151,1436,489,1954]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 69. Tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (LCS 633) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518164/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 69D</figureCitation>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA6FF8CE418530A8838FE9D" author="Pinto, R. C. & Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M." box="[1119,1311,295,321]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref81777" refString="Pinto, R. C., Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M. (2013) Redescription of the tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 13 - 00003.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Pinto
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE4E4530A89FCFE9D" box="[1187,1243,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA6FF8CE080536788BCFEB9" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,465]" box="[199,1435,330,357]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE08053678C18FEB8" bold="true" box="[199,319,330,356]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Variation.</emphasis>
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LTRF 1(1)/2(1) at Stage 24, 2(2)/3(1) or 2(2)/3(1-2) at Stages 26, 27, 29 and 34 (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA6FF8CE488536688A8FEB9" author="Pinto, R. C. & Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M." box="[1231,1423,331,357]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref81777" refString="Pinto, R. C., Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M. (2013) Redescription of the tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 13 - 00003.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Pinto
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE5545366886CFEB9" box="[1299,1355,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA6FF8CE08053428E51FE0D" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE08053428C7AFE55" bold="true" box="[199,349,367,393]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Metamorph.</emphasis>
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At metamorphosis froglets light grey, nearly white, with orange reflections over dorsum and flanks; sides of limbs and toes orange (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFA6FF8CE20353BE8F8EFE71" box="[580,681,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[155,1417,511,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-174@103.[151,1436,489,1954]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 69. Tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (LCS 633) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518164/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 69E</figureCitation>
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); later, body and limbs green with the presence of sparse white spots with dark outlines on the chest and hind limbs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA6FF8CE2ED539A8E4DFE0D" author="Pinto, R. C. & Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M." box="[682,874,439,465]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref81777" refString="Pinto, R. C., Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M. (2013) Redescription of the tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 13 - 00003.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Pinto
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE2A9539A8E01FE0D" box="[750,806,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FFA6FF8CE0D055948878F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518164/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" startId="103.[151,250,1977,2001]" targetBox="[155,1417,511,1954]" targetPageId="103">
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||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA6FF8CE0D055948878F829" blockId="103.[151,1437,1977,2037]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE0D055948C07F80D" bold="true" box="[151,288,1977,2001]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">FIGURE 69.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA6FF8CE1DC55948F5DF80D" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1772" box="[411,634,1977,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA6FF8CE1DC55948F5DF80D" box="[411,634,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Phyllomedusa bicolor</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(LCS 633) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). (D) Dorsal view of live tadpole and (E) dorsolateral view of newly metamorphosed froglet.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA9FF83E08052BA8E38FE55" blockId="104.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E08052BA8CA2FF6C" bold="true" box="[199,389,150,177]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Eggs are deposited in a gelatinous mass in leaf nests overhanging isolated or streamside temporary ponds in terra-firme forest and forest edge; upon hatching tadpoles fall in the water (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E4DF52968871FF09" author="Lima, A. P. & Magnusson, W. E. & Menin, M. & Erdtmann, L. K. & Rodrigues, D. J. & Keller, C." box="[1176,1366,187,213]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref79759" refString="Lima, A. P., Magnusson, W. E., Menin, M., Erdtmann, L. K., Rodrigues, D. J., Keller, C. & H ˆ dl, W. (2012) Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. 2 nd Edition. Editora INPA, Manaus, 187 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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<collectingRegion id="F974F84FFFA9FF83E4DF529689F2FF09" box="[1176,1237,187,213]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Lima</collectingRegion>
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E49C52968833FF09" box="[1243,1300,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E52652968C33FF25" author="Pinto, R. C. & Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref81777" refString="Pinto, R. C., Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M. (2013) Redescription of the tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 13 - 00003.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Pinto
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E0D052F28DF7FF25" box="[151,208,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mean clutch size is 859 unpigmented eggs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E35452F28994FF25" author="Neckel-Oliveira, S. & Wachlevski, M." box="[787,1203,223,249]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="84 - 88" refId="ref81485" refString="Neckel-Oliveira, S. & Wachlevski, M. (2004) Predation on the arboreal eggs of three Phyllomedusa frog species in Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 84 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 162 - 03 A" type="journal article" year="2004">Neckel-Oliveira & Wachlevski 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tadpoles are found in all months of the year. Tadpoles are nektonic. Eggs are preyed upon by phorid fly larvae, staphylinid beetles and capuchin monkeys (Neckel-Oliveira 2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E230530A8936FE9D" author="Neckel-Oliveira, S. & Wachlevski, M." box="[631,1041,295,321]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="84 - 88" refId="ref81485" refString="Neckel-Oliveira, S. & Wachlevski, M. (2004) Predation on the arboreal eggs of three Phyllomedusa frog species in Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 84 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 162 - 03 A" type="journal article" year="2004">Neckel-Oliveira & Wachlevski 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tadpoles are preyed upon by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA9FF83E520530A8CEAFEB9" authority="(Buchacher 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Buchacher" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Amphibia" family="Pipidae" genus="Pipa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arrabali">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E520530A8DD3FEB9" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pipa arrabali</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E14253668CE2FEB9" author="Buchacher, C. O." box="[261,453,331,357]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="59 - 69" refId="ref75148" refString="Buchacher, C. O. (1993) Field studies on the small Surinam toad, Pipa arrabali, near Manaus, Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia, 14, 59 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853893 X 00192" type="journal article" year="1993">Buchacher 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In experiments tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA9FF83E35253668EA3FEB9" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1772" box="[789,900,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E35253668EA3FEB9" box="[789,900,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were consumed by dragonflies and fish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E52553668DF4FE55" author="Hero, J-M." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref77845" refString="Hero, J-M. (1991) Predation, palatability and the distribution of tadpoles in the Amazon Rainforest. PhD Thesis, Griffith University, Brisbane, 234 pp." type="book" year="1991">Hero 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The bright orange color is presumably aposematic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFA9FF83E08053BF8EBBFD75" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA9FF83E08053BF8EBBFD75" blockId="104.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E08053BF8C68FE70" bold="true" box="[199,335,402,428]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
These tadpoles were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E2A553BE8927FE71" author="Rada de Martinez, D." box="[738,1024,403,429]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="391 - 403" refId="ref81922" refString="Rada de Martinez, D. (1990) Contribucion al conocimiento de las larvas de anfibios de Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 49, 391 - 403." type="journal article" year="1990">Rada de Martinez (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFA9FF83E40053BE899AFE71" box="[1095,1213,403,429]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFA9FF83E54E53BE8850FE71" box="[1289,1399,403,429]" name="Colombia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E0D0539A8F32FE0D" author="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M." box="[151,533,439,465]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="235 - 270" refId="ref79997" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M. (2011) Clave ilustrada de los renacuajos de las tierras bajas al Oriente de los Andes, con enfasis en Hylidae. Caldasia, 33, 235 - 270." type="journal article" year="2011">Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and by Hero (1990) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E307539A8935FE0D" author="Pinto, R. C. & Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M." box="[832,1042,439,465]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref81777" refString="Pinto, R. C., Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M. (2013) Redescription of the tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 13 - 00003.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Pinto
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E3C3539A8E99FE0D" box="[900,958,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Central Amazonia. Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFA9FF83E09053F68C6DFE29" box="[215,330,475,501]" name="Venezuela" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by the absence of submarginal papillae (although
|
||
<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFA9FF83E51F53F688BBFE29" box="[1368,1436,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[153,1410,859,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-313@30.[151,1436,849,1913]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tadpole of Rhinella marina (LCS 649) at Stage 37: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517982/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
clearly shows submarginal papillae laterally on oral disc, as those herein characterized;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E4C653D288B7FDC5" author="Rada de Martinez, D." box="[1153,1424,511,537]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="391 - 403" refId="ref81922" refString="Rada de Martinez, D. (1990) Contribucion al conocimiento de las larvas de anfibios de Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 49, 391 - 403." type="journal article" year="1990">Rada de Martinez 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tadpoles illustrated by Hero (1990) and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E23A500E8ED6FDE1" author="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M." box="[637,1009,547,573]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="235 - 270" refId="ref79997" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M. (2011) Clave ilustrada de los renacuajos de las tierras bajas al Oriente de los Andes, con enfasis en Hylidae. Caldasia, 33, 235 - 270." type="journal article" year="2011">Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized for lacking a ventrally emarginate oral disc and submarginal papillae, which drove
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E404506A8835FDBD" author="Pinto, R. C. & Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M." box="[1091,1298,583,609]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref81777" refString="Pinto, R. C., Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M. (2013) Redescription of the tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 13 - 00003.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Pinto
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E4C1506A8998FDBD" box="[1158,1215,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to conclude that the tadpole illustrated in Hero (1990) is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA9FF83E2F250468E06FD59" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1772" box="[693,801,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E2F250468E06FD59" box="[693,801,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">P. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No morphological variation was observed between tadpoles herein characterized and those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA9FF83E28E50A28EBFFD75" author="Pinto, R. C. & Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M." box="[713,920,655,681]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref81777" refString="Pinto, R. C., Py-Daniel, S. S. & Menin, M. (2013) Redescription of the tadpole of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 13 - 00003.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Pinto
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA9FF83E34C50A28E63FD75" box="[779,836,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |