153 lines
19 KiB
XML
153 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6CCE96EC389E02B0AE0CA31F985E7DFB">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4FF1BCF82DC63D4A6F7BB4999E467FDD">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ABE32741C22E01CC14F06A20BD1434EE" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CC239FA7C8332474E8CDD86D2A2F06AA">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="452F7082A7174EDABA65ED4326A72729" type="email">denise.rossa-feres@unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B9FD9E8488060F186D663EE52F2E8739">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43D7330C9943E1A9BBC071155808F00A">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8B0E6E71A43C6F3F9D0BD368B5FA6C7" type="email">lschiesa@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0F5CB25477730C20556D71DFFFEEDCF9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BD35C7C3A2631135631FDDDCFD69E689">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F2174794964D1D9ACDA76BC4FDD61965">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFF84FFADE0D053BE8909FDE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518106" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFF84FFADE0D053BE8909FDE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFF84FFADE0D053BE8909FDE1" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF84FFAEE0D053BE8EFFFC81" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF84FFAEE0D053BE8CA7FE71" blockId="69.[151,1437,403,861]" box="[151,384,403,429]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<heading id="604781C1FF84FFAEE0D053BE8CA7FE71" bold="true" box="[151,384,403,429]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF84FFAEE0D053BE8CA7FE71" ID-CoL="4VJVX" ID-ENA="1920330" baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[151,384,403,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruentomma">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF84FFAEE0D053BE8CA7FE71" bold="true" box="[151,384,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Scinax cruentomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF84FFAEE080539A8EFFFC81" blockId="69.[151,1437,403,861]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF84FFAEE080539A8CECFE0D" bold="true" box="[199,459,439,465]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on one tadpole at Stage 38 (KU 125924). Total length
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<quantity id="FC489B48FF84FFAEE4B6539A8871FE0D" box="[1265,1366,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="28.6">28.6 mm</quantity>
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. Body ovoid in dorsal view and triangular/depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF84FFAEE32453F68ED7FE29" box="[867,1008,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,893,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-333@69.[151,1436,885,1733]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 40. Tadpole of Scinax cruentomma (KU 125924) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518076/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 40A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes small, positioned and directed laterally. Nostrils small, circular, dorsolaterally positioned, near to eyes, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF84FFAEE4C9500E89D4FDE1" box="[1166,1267,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,893,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-333@69.[151,1436,885,1733]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 40. Tadpole of Scinax cruentomma (KU 125924) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518076/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 40C</figureCitation>
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) anteroventral, ventrolaterally emarginate; marginal papillae blunt, uniseriate, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae present laterally. LTRF 2(2)/3; A1 and A2 of the same length; P1 and P2 of similar length; P3 slightly smaller than P2. Anterior jaw sheath narrower than posterior jaw sheath, both finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, conical, short and wide, posteriorly directed, opening in the posterior third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube dextral, fused to the ventral fin, with a dextral opening that does not reach the margin of the lower fin. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin shallow, originating on the posterior third of the body, convex; ventral fin shallow and convex. Tail tip pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FF84FFAEE0D054F08C9BF8C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518076/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[151,250,1757,1781]" targetBox="[165,1426,893,1730]" targetPageId="69">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF84FFAEE0D054F08C9BF8C5" blockId="69.[151,1437,1757,1817]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF84FFAEE0D054F08C07F929" bold="true" box="[151,288,1757,1781]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 40.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF84FFAEE1DE54F08F45F929" baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[409,610,1757,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruentomma">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF84FFAEE1DE54F08F45F929" box="[409,610,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Scinax cruentomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(KU 125924) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF84FFADE080556A8CDAFE9D" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF84FFADE080556A8E44FF09" blockId="69.[151,1437,1863,2034]" lastBlockId="70.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF84FFAEE080556A8C07F8BD" bold="true" box="[199,288,1863,1889]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative body and caudal musculature light olive brown; a lateral brown stripe from oral disc to caudal musculature; fins translucent; caudal musculature and fins with dark reticulation. Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF84FFAEE4B2554188BBF859" baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[1269,1436,1900,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruentomma">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF84FFAEE4B2554188BBF859" box="[1269,1436,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. cruentomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF84FFAEE09155A28C14F875" box="[214,307,1935,1961]" name="Ecuador" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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have body olive-green with a brown streak from the snout to the orbit; venter white with a silvery sheen; caudal musculature pale yellow; fins transparent, both with brown flecks; iris bronze with a red horizontal streak (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF84FFAEE0AE55FA8CBBF82D" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[233,412,2007,2033]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="177 - 192" refId="ref76361" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1972) South American frogs of the Hyla rostrata group (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47, 177 - 192." type="journal article" year="1972">Duellman 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF84FFAEE1E055FA8CC4F82D" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[423,483,2007,2033]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
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). Recently metamorphosed young from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF84FFAEE3EF55FA8922F82D" box="[936,1029,2007,2033]" name="Ecuador" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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were olive-green with brown flecks dorsally; diffuse creamy yellow dorsolateral stripes; flanks brown; thighs pale greenish yellow; venter greenish white; iris bronze with a red horizontal streak (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF87FFADE2E452968E71FF09" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[675,854,187,213]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="177 - 192" refId="ref76361" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1972) South American frogs of the Hyla rostrata group (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47, 177 - 192." type="journal article" year="1972">Duellman 1972</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF87FFADE08052F28CDAFE9D" blockId="70.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF87FFADE08052F28CA2FF24" bold="true" box="[199,389,222,249]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Eggs were not observed in Central Amazonia. Clutches of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF87FFADE45D52F289E5FF24" baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[1050,1218,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruentomma">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF87FFADE45D52F289E5FF24" box="[1050,1218,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. cruentomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF87FFADE54152F28844FF25" box="[1286,1379,223,249]" name="Ecuador" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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contain from 590 to 1,200 eggs (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF87FFADE190532E8F4EFEC1" author="Crump, M. L." box="[471,617,259,285]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref75836" refString="Crump, M. L. (1974) Reproductive strategies in a tropical anuran community. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 61, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1974">Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles in temporary ponds in terra-firme forests and, most frequently, forest edge and deforested land.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF87FFADE08053678909FDE1" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF87FFADE08053678909FDE1" blockId="70.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF87FFADE08053678C68FEB8" bold="true" box="[199,335,330,356]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Comments.</emphasis>
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Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF87FFADE1A353668FAAFEB8" baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[484,653,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruentomma">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF87FFADE1A353668FAAFEB8" box="[484,653,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. cruentomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF87FFADE32B5366890AFEB9" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[876,1069,331,357]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="177 - 192" refId="ref76361" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1972) South American frogs of the Hyla rostrata group (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47, 177 - 192." type="journal article" year="1972">Duellman (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF87FFADE433536689F3FEB9" box="[1140,1236,331,357]" name="Ecuador" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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. They differ from these herein characterized by presenting snout rounded in lateral view, nostrils midway between the snout and the eyes, spiracle posterodorsally directed, oral disc with row of marginal papillae biseriate ventrolaterally, oral disc laterally emarginate (although Duellman´s
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF87FFADE23A539A8F98FE0D" box="[637,703,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,453,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-154@7.[169,1418,453,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Study sites, numbered according to sampling effort: (1) Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, Manaus; (2) Campus of the Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus; (3) Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus; (4) Reserva Biológica do Uatum„, Presidente Figueiredo, S„o Sebasti„o do Uatum„ and Urucará; (5) Lago Catal„o, Iranduba; (6) Lago do Lim„o, Iranduba; (7) Presidente Figueiredo, and (8) Reserva Gavi„o, Manaus. Map kindly constructed by Marcio RC Martins using the software QuantumGIS and land cover layer provided according to the Global Land Cover 2000 (EU 2010, http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/glc2000/products.php)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517965/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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shows an oral disc without emarginations), LRTF 2(2)/3(1), and anterior jaw sheath M-shaped. Even though
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF87FFADE2C453F68E64FE29" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[643,835,475,501]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref76395" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an Equatorial herpetofauna of Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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characterized the same tadpole (KU 125932), he considered the snout sloped in lateral view and truncate terminally, the other differences in relation to tadpoles herein characterized are the same presented for the
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF87FFADE2CD500E8E6DFDE1" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[650,842,547,573]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="177 - 192" refId="ref76361" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1972) South American frogs of the Hyla rostrata group (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47, 177 - 192." type="journal article" year="1972">Duellman (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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tadpole description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |