185 lines
22 KiB
XML
185 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C368A0A10FA1948FE08447A4C83CB977">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AD35016729233BEB15A1776180ACA73B">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFF3D3A9BC44D3C24D2574BE670BD306">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94EFC27FB847B0F06BD2E1D296C97C99">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55C06E54727A2834CD69314F8FD12793">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ABA32936389EE16485C6C439ED3B65E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F361F0DD6BF94E268CB1D503CDB9F4C3">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E447E9C17088CAC715BD8AC954047F10">2022-12-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFF80FFA9E0D05704891FF97F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518088" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFF80FFA9E0D05704891FF97F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFF80FFA9E0D05704891FF97F" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF80FFAAE0D057048CF0F92F" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF80FFAAE0D057048C43FA98" blockId="65.[151,1437,1321,2032]" box="[151,356,1321,1348]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="604781C1FF80FFAAE0D057048C43FA98" bold="true" box="[151,356,1321,1348]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF80FFAAE0D057048C43FA98" ID-CoL="4NNNV" ID-ENA="43558" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,356,1321,1348]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF80FFAAE0D057048C43FA98" bold="true" box="[151,356,1321,1348]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Pseudis paradoxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF80FFAAE08057608CF0F92F" blockId="65.[151,1437,1321,2032]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF80FFAAE08057608CEAFABB" bold="true" box="[199,461,1357,1383]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on one tadpole at Stage 39 (INPA-H 1650). Total length
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<quantity id="FC489B48FF80FFAAE564576088BEFAB4" box="[1315,1433,1357,1384]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.041" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="204.1">204.1 mm</quantity>
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. Body ovoid in dorsal view and triangular in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF80FFAAE35C575C8E85FA57" box="[795,930,1393,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,392,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-106@66.[151,1436,381,1543]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 37. Tadpole of Pseudis paradoxa (INPA-H 1650) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518066/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 37A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout truncate in dorsal view and sloped in lateral view. Eyes small, positioned and directed laterally. Nostrils small, oval, dorsally positioned near to snout, with opening anterolaterally directed, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF80FFAAE4C9579489D5FA0F" box="[1166,1266,1465,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,392,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-106@66.[151,1436,381,1543]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 37. Tadpole of Pseudis paradoxa (INPA-H 1650) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518066/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 37C</figureCitation>
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) anteroventral, non-emarginate; marginal papillae triangular, biseriate, with a dorsal gap. Submarginal papillae present laterally. LTRF 2(2)/3(1); A1 and A2 of the same length; P1 and P2 of the same length; P3 shorter. Jaw sheaths moderately wide, finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath arch-shaped, posterior jaw sheath U-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, conical, very short, posterodorsally directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube medial, fused to the ventral fin. Caudal musculature heavy; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin of moderate height, convex, originating on the anterior third of the body, presenting a thick tissue from its beginning until after the eyes level; ventral fin shallow and convex. Tail tip pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF80FFAAE08054D08E4CF85F" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF80FFAAE08054D0881DF883" blockId="65.[151,1437,1321,2032]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF80FFAAE08054D08C07F8CB" bold="true" box="[199,288,1789,1815]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative body gray with brownish-gray spots arranged in a marbled pattern, skin of venter translucent; caudal musculature with brownish-gray spots arranged in a marbled pattern, occasionally appearing the unpigmented, beige colour of musculature, especially on proximal part of tail; fins opaque brownish-gray.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF80FFAAE08055448E4CF85F" blockId="65.[151,1437,1321,2032]" box="[199,875,1897,1923]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF80FFAAE08055448CA2F85F" bold="true" box="[199,389,1897,1923]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Natural history.</emphasis>
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The species is found in várzea floodplains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FF80FFA9E08055A0891FF97F" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF80FFA9E08055A08F01FEB9" blockId="65.[151,1437,1321,2032]" lastBlockId="66.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF80FFAAE08055A08C68F87B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1933,1959]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Comments.</emphasis>
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Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF80FFAAE1A355A38F4CF87B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[484,619,1933,1959]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF80FFAAE1A355A38F4CF87B" box="[484,619,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">P. paradoxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF80FFAAE30D55A38EC0F87B" author="Kenny, J. S." box="[842,999,1933,1960]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref79253" refString="Kenny, J. S. (1969) The Amphibia of Trinidad. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands. Hague, 29, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1969">Kenny (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF80FFAAE46955A089B7F87B" box="[1070,1168,1933,1959]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF80FFAAE4DB55A08879F874" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1180,1374,1933,1960]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF80FFAAE0D0559F8DEAF810" box="[151,205,1970,1996]" name="Peru" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF80FFAAE09A559C8C5FF817" author="Lynch, J. D." box="[221,376,1969,1995]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="443 - 457" refId="ref79955" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2006) The tadpoles of frogs and toads found in the lowlands of Northern Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 30, 443 - 457." type="journal article" year="2006">Lynch (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF80FFAAE1F0559C8E1FF817" author="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M." box="[439,824,1969,1995]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="235 - 270" refId="ref79997" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M. (2011) Clave ilustrada de los renacuajos de las tierras bajas al Oriente de los Andes, con enfasis en Hylidae. Caldasia, 33, 235 - 270." type="journal article" year="2011">Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF80FFAAE3C3559C8ED2F817" box="[900,1013,1969,1995]" name="Colombia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF80FFAAE47F559C8809F810" author="Schulze, A. & Jansen, M." box="[1080,1326,1969,1996]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref83759" refString="Schulze, A., Jansen, M. & K ˆ hler, G. (2015) Tadpole diversity of Bolivia's lowland anuran communities: molecular identification, morphological characterisation, and ecological assignment. Zootaxa, 4016 (1), 1 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Schulze
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF80FFAAE4DB559F89FFF817" box="[1180,1240,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
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(2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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from the lowlands of
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF80FFAAE16F55F88C59F833" box="[296,382,2005,2031]" name="Bolivia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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. There are no morphological differences with the descriptions of
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF80FFAAE43D55FB883EF833" author="Kenny, J. S." box="[1146,1305,2005,2032]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref79253" refString="Kenny, J. S. (1969) The Amphibia of Trinidad. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands. Hague, 29, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1969">Kenny (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF80FFA9E51155F88DC2FF6D" author="Lynch, J. D." lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="443 - 457" refId="ref79955" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2006) The tadpoles of frogs and toads found in the lowlands of Northern Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 30, 443 - 457." type="journal article" year="2006">Lynch (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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. Tadpoles from
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<collectingRegion id="F974F84FFF83FFA9E1DC52BA8F3CFF6D" box="[411,539,151,177]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF83FFA9E26052BA8F5EFF6D" box="[551,633,151,177]" name="Bolivia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF83FFA9E2CE52BA8E1AFF6D" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[649,829,150,177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), differ from those herein characterized by presenting row of marginal uniseriate anterolaterally and biseriate laterally, along a truly short stretch (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FF83FFA9E4DF52968805FF09" box="[1176,1314,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1297,1321]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,192,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-21@36.[151,1437,181,1273]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. Tadpole of Ceratophrys cornuta (MNRJ s/n) at Stage 38: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517994/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 13.13D</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF83FFA9E56952968DF4FF25" author="Duellman, W. E." pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), and a rounded snout in lateral view (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF83FFA9E23952F28E15FF25" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[638,818,222,249]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF83FFA9E3AA52F28918FF25" box="[1005,1087,223,249]" name="Bolivia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF83FFA9E40952F2880FFF25" author="Schulze, A. & Jansen, M." box="[1102,1320,222,249]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref83759" refString="Schulze, A., Jansen, M. & K ˆ hler, G. (2015) Tadpole diversity of Bolivia's lowland anuran communities: molecular identification, morphological characterisation, and ecological assignment. Zootaxa, 4016 (1), 1 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4016.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Schulze
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF83FFA9E4E852F289CFFF25" box="[1199,1256,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFF83FFA9E0D0532E8C22FEC1" box="[151,261,259,285]" name="Colombia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFF83FFA9E1EB532E8E01FEC1" author="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M." box="[428,806,259,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="235 - 270" refId="ref79997" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Suarez-Mayorga, A. M. (2011) Clave ilustrada de los renacuajos de las tierras bajas al Oriente de los Andes, con enfasis en Hylidae. Caldasia, 33, 235 - 270." type="journal article" year="2011">Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differ from those herein characterized by, respectively, presenting marginal papilla row biseriate to irregularly aligned triseriate and posterior jaw sheath V-shaped, and a uniseriate row of marginal papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6FCF6625FF83FFA9E0D054338C9BF987" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518066/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,250,1566,1590]" targetBox="[151,1384,392,1542]" targetPageId="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF83FFA9E0D054338C9BF987" blockId="66.[151,1437,1566,1627]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF83FFA9E0D054338C07F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,288,1566,1591]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF83FFA9E1DE54328F68F9EB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[409,591,1567,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Pseudis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF83FFA9E1DE54328F68F9EB" box="[409,591,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pseudis paradoxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(INPA-H 1650) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFF83FFA9E0D054A4891FF97F" blockId="66.[151,1080,1672,1699]" box="[151,1080,1672,1699]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF83FFA9E0D054A48C47F97F" bold="true" box="[151,352,1672,1699]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF83FFA9E0AD54A58C47F97F" bold="true" box="[234,352,1672,1699]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF83FFA9E0AD54A58C7CF97F" authorityName="Duellman & de Sa" authorityYear="1988" box="[234,347,1672,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scarthyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scarthyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Only one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFF83FFA9E20C54A48F91F97F" authorityName="Duellman & de Sa" authorityYear="1988" box="[587,694,1673,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scarthyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFF83FFA9E20C54A48F91F97F" box="[587,694,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Scarthyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the Central Amazonia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |