313 lines
50 KiB
XML
313 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="C19CB8D45734170748EBE039D8C5D52A" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f2a0bfe-8096-4918-91c2-595973bef012" ModsDocID="22424" checkinTime="1249509920724" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Bolton, B. & Fisher, B. L." docDate="2008" docId="67FE29F34FCB9530A52660EDFB700C8B" docLanguage="en" docName="22424.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1892" docSource="http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22424" docTitle="Phrynoponera" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="1BC1A0ABF54B69DDC4B46D3C6EF6F9A9" masterDocTitle="The Afrotropical ponerine ant genus Phrynoponera Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1701311787984" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2875775CA79DF34479F8FABA1969FCD9">The Afrotropical ponerine ant genus Phrynoponera Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="371E46A2A4C08F7BAB0EC6C890091311">Bolton, B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E4D9F214557D16D84993BAB7F4FB639">Fisher, B. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="321688097C1F37189EAA30DA425B607F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9F0DCE14CAAF5299BE36A9DCA155A649">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9AA21697FAB61BC1FBCB2DBDAA5E3ECE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B9AF3A51DCB1D496B205A2E03B1B2FD2">1892</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C205BC9B098A6F694BFC9C407F3C12F8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F4E118D9D9D6659D5B990571330077EF" type="HNS-Pub">22424</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="67FE29F34FCB9530A52660EDFB700C8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6233267" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6233267" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:67FE29F34FCB9530A52660EDFB700C8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/67FE29F34FCB9530A52660EDFB700C8B" lastPageNumber="41" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="7E26F56E340B0D71CCF4C5BD56489ECE" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="44DCE2C4BC58FDAC314E2870DD7B58F5" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="BA2EC46F25008B0C1BDF252B58A0DDB9" ID-CoL="6PCT" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
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Wheeler
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0E8779EAC73A4808CD4A4486C2652105" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CB6A7C211656F5882A9667B74D0A0A70" pageNumber="37">
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<citation id="72D0A6958AC217FDE1B4D3F0BB2FF633">
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<taxonomicName id="E410D23897E5456DF20E11EFC9F7998F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
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Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="136016F709C95178C63616C8A9810FAB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142764" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothroponera gabonensis André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">
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Bothroponera
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<taxonomicName id="E0EAC8F6679FBC4A4BA46ADFC0AE13E0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142764" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothroponera gabonensis André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">gabonensis Andre</taxonomicName>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 1892: 50, by original designation. [Synonymy with
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<taxonomicName id="1C72868D380E0987B58544123945AE7E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
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by Snelling, 1981: 389; revived from synonymy by Bolton, 1994: 156 (in key); Bolton, 1995: 42.]
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</citation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0293EBE94463E426D7A0C8221163D903" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C08EC16C378B34424654EC42AF42DEC8" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis of worker and queen (gyne)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CBAEB9BD35DF8BE4A8A4A6E834547F1C" pageNumber="37">
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Characters included in the diagnoses that are thought to be apomorphies are printed in italics. Workers are known for all species; queens are known for all except
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<taxonomicName id="1941148B4AD18FB4E95768C60CB415DC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245601" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera pulchella Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">pulchella</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8423BB04C96140B03430120177E44F77" pageNumber="37">1 Mandible with 3-8 teeth; without a basal pit but with a weak basal groove.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ECDBAB07FC674BC6EC37D89307E72D6D" pageNumber="37">2 Masticatory margin of mandible somewhat oblique; basalmost tooth at the rounded basal angle; mandible at most subtriangular, usually the basal and external margins roughly parallel.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E154C5FEC3B8C46B0816D4E753AF6038" pageNumber="37">3 Palp formula 4,4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D9225875FB1AEF27818E29AA59D33BB7" pageNumber="37">4 Frontal lobes large but not hypertrophied; median portion of clypeus extends back between them as a narrow triangle, to beyond the midlength of the lobes. Frontal lobes do not overhang anterior clypeal margin in full-face view.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="535EEF64C80C0110C4F7FBC850ACCB00" pageNumber="37">5 Antenna with 12 segments, gradually incrassate apically but without a differentiated club.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="631450282B61F93B4DE1AFA8E0B2C8AD" pageNumber="37">6 Metanotal groove vestigial to absent (worker caste only).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="774DA83573B6F922DDBB20900641809A" pageNumber="37">7 Metapleural gland orifice simple, posterolateral.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B9D497A6DB0C0FEF99AC74A179DE01C" pageNumber="37">8 Propodeum stoutly bispinose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E59887B6F1C35159C0C04F3AC5F39A5" pageNumber="37">9 Propodeal spiracle with orifice slit-shaped.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8950911999D610F6480306FE632480DE" pageNumber="37">10 Mesosternal and metasternal processes present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA204718F38C2DB7E9D0F975C29D043B" pageNumber="37">11 Mesotibia and metatibia each with two spurs; the anterior spur on each small, simple to barbulate, the posterior spur pectinate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C722874F2F540015333B7C64B2EBE8FC" pageNumber="37">12 Pretarsal claws small and simple.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3DDF5E914612339A5FA2917A4C52EEA1" pageNumber="37">13 Petiole surmounted by a high, stout scale that curves posteriorly over the base of the gaster and is armed dorsally with 5 long teeth or spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="48260B4C3ABA87A88D3776E1F8403EDB" pageNumber="37">14 Petiole sternite appears simple in profile, with a short anteroventral process that is followed by a feebly sinuate to weakly convex simple plate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84ACDED5A7585381184E244921AA4EE8" pageNumber="37">15 Sternite of petiole in posterior view very complex, see discussion below.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="50455370EFFF5640A5BA5F23F1B91768" pageNumber="37">16 Prora apparently absent but actually unusually modified and concealed, see discussion below.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ECAFEC08387AB7C6C9499B19D5CA27A2" pageNumber="37">17 Gastral segment 2 (abdominal segment IV) with differentiated but unusual presclerites, see discussion below.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31F6B29779DC5F9C754A1BADCBCA5940" pageNumber="37">18 Gastral tergite 2 (abdominal tergite IV) with stridulitrum usually absent, rarely vestigial.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97616A4E54E206C6A02C0C1CB1DF2981" pageNumber="37">19 Queen (gyne) only: alate when virgin, very similar in size to conspecific workers, varying from slightly larger to slightly smaller. Head with three ocelli present and mesosoma with full complement of flight sclerites. Mesopleuron with a weak transverse sulcus (absent in workers). Jugal lobe present on hindwing.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A0FECA617E25A991CD3082621664FCD9" lastPageNumber="38" pageNumber="37">
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In addition, workers of all known species have moderately large eyes (OI 19-27) and are strongly sculptured over the entire body. On the dorsal mesosoma the sculpture is coarse and usually consists of a coarse rugoreticulum, the spaces within the reticulum being depressed and concave. On the mesonotum the longitudinal
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<pageStartToken id="FEBE5695E1253E4B652EA287453FD209" pageNumber="38">rugose</pageStartToken>
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component may predominate, with anastomoses reduced or absent, so that the coarse sculpture has a longitudinal trend. Pilosity is always dense, with numerous conspicuous suberect to erect setae on all dorsal surfaces of the head and body, and also on the scapes and tibiae. In full-face view the sides of the head, from the posterior corner to the clypeus, have many outstanding short setae present. Colour is basically black throughout the genus, but with a marked tendency for certain areas to be brown, reddish brown, red, or even yellowish. Such lighter areas usually include the anterior portion of the head capsule, the antennae and mandibles, the legs, and often the apices of the gastral tergites and around the metapleural gland; the entire head capsule and much of the body may be reddish. All species show variation in the extent and intensity of such paler areas and colour variation in the known species has no taxonomic value.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EA24AA7BD725D5F70C70570D8F8829AD" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8F874C5F0EDA8BF4629F539F0A822738" pageNumber="38">
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Discussion of female characters. Characters 8 and 13 above, in italics, are autapomorphic and together immediately differentiate
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<taxonomicName id="8FED5CED01F3E993D9C356EC42EA3067" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
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workers and queens from all other Ponerini. Characters 15 and 16 together are also highly diagnostic and are most probably also autapomorphic; some other characters have analogues developed convergently elsewhere in tribe Ponerini. Characters 1-19 together form an inclusive diagnosis that isolates
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<taxonomicName id="E876B8891572A2A4915EE0BEA19A902C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
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workers and queens from all other genera in the tribe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC595F5EC1D5CFFC6290D13A7E81E207" pageNumber="38">
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6 The metanotal groove is absent in workers of most species. In some workers of
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<taxonomicName id="3E7B391A60180CE68A58A6611EED4AD4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34149" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">gabonensis</taxonomicName>
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, the dorsolateral ends of the metanotal groove are faintly visible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="77968965788F1C8D9EE64CBA1C2AC410" pageNumber="38">13 Petiole structure is unique to the genus. The apical armament of the scale consists of a median spine or thick tooth, on each side of which is a slightly to markedly smaller spine or tooth, and outside that on each side is a longer, stouter spine. A longitudinal carina runs along the dorsal surface of the median spine.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="65F5AA09B086FC5BBD00B833EF73FE92" pageNumber="38">14 Ventral surface of petiole also appears simple in ventral view: the anterior prominence is followed by a simple plate, without secondary carinae or teeth, though the surface of the sternite is sculptured. The posterior margin of the plate is simple, feebly convex to almost transverse.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3C3DFCDB3C688471A7ABA3EA03CA1B3" pageNumber="38">
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15 When the petiole is disarticulated from the helcium, the petiole sternite, in posterior view, is seen as very complex. In the posterior third of its length the sternite bifurcates into an externally visible broad and concave ventral plate and a slightly shorter internally projecting sclerite that is completely concealed by the external plate in normal view. The internal sclerite terminates in a thickened concave arc that forms the actual articulation with the helcium and is homologous with the articulation seen almost everywhere else in the Ponerini. The ventral margin of the arc has a deep excision that is more than semicircular, and the apices of the excision are acute. Within Ponerini similar modifications are seen only in
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<taxonomicName id="00EE5F09B6E116216AC7CA13D1CBEBEE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2363" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Asphinctopone Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asphinctopone</taxonomicName>
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and the species of
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<taxonomicName id="BDA1D4E46F57ACC2C29AB434AD26F9F5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
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that formerly constituted the genus
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<taxonomicName id="52500A529E91BC41E799661F64573937" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146835" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Brachyponera Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachyponera</taxonomicName>
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. In the latter, however, the lower plate is much less developed than in
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<taxonomicName id="C25675BE8CAD7C11392D4B304C04CADC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
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and appears as a posteriorly directed tooth in profile that is considerably lower than, and does not overlap and conceal, the internal sclerite. This difference in form of development implies convergence rather than genuine homology.
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<taxonomicName id="3627D06C101F54169F57EFC1C857DC34" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2363" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Asphinctopone Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asphinctopone</taxonomicName>
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is otherwise so different morphologically that convergent acquisition of this one character is likely.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A1D0489FF23F5B02CABDF748A3F3999" pageNumber="38">
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16 Viewed externally the first gastral tergite appears to lack a prora, but disarticulation of the helcium from the petiole reveals that a uniquely specialised prora is present. Very reduced, it is inserted between, and appears fused to, the ventral apices of the helcium tergite. In effect this makes the helcium double-chambered, with the upper chamber floored by the helcium sternite and the lower chamber floored by the prora. In Ponerini a similar modification is observed only in the former
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<taxonomicName id="BED108F9280B09B7604EF3B7DA01A0C9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146835" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Brachyponera Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachyponera</taxonomicName>
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species, but the degree of development is not so advanced.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="880B7FCD2D57986D3516877AEC2297AF" pageNumber="38">17 Presclerites of the second gastral segment are present but usually concealed by the tergite and sternite of the first, so that the gaster usually appears small, roughly globular and compact. If the gaster is slightly distended the presclerites become apparent, but are not of the usual form. Instead of a girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites, the postsclerites are instead depressed slightly below the level of the presclerites and are followed by a shallow concavity of the surface.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F7422C7CE2A890626AB3451A7D9ECCA5" lastPageNumber="39" pageNumber="38">
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18 Most species show no trace of a stridulitrum but in one (
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<taxonomicName id="1EBE96BE07861150B5F4838034784522" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245601" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera pulchella Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">pulchella</taxonomicName>
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) there is a small, very roughly triangular, area anterodorsally on the presclerite of gastral tergite 2, at the midline, that has more regular transverse
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<pageStartToken id="4A376F297CF65FE5C51D676F819FDFE9" pageNumber="39">fine</pageStartToken>
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costulae than are visible on either side of it and behind it. This appears to represent the last vestige of a non-functional stridulitrum. The sculpture is much more crude and coarse, and far more widely spaced, than that seen on a genuine stridulitrum, and the area does not scatter white light, as is frequently seen with a functional stridulitrum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA208A7E52E8A788454D3E100123EF9D" pageNumber="39">
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The metacoxal cavities of all species except
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<taxonomicName id="0E7288A84A7AEF0B5600C5AA95BEF2D4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245601" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera pulchella Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">pulchella</taxonomicName>
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are atypical for Ponerini. Within the tribe the usual condition of the cuticular annulus around the metacoxal cavities is to have a narrow straight suture medially that traverses the annulus from the metacoxal cavity to the petiolar foramen, so that the cuticular apices of the annulus are transverse, not pointed; and this is the condition in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7E1B7C70AA0AE555179E598EBCB6AE9C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245601" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera pulchella Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">pulchella</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In all other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B7F628E5801D6B014224363DD710306D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
species each end of the annulus terminates in a blunt point and the two points are separated by a small gap. As
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A58A97BB222FDEEF0DA4ABB65137C99" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245601" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera pulchella Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">pulchella</taxonomicName>
|
|
also plesiomorphically retains a vestige of the stridulitrum, and all of its petiolar teeth are more similar in size, it seems likely that this species is sister to the remainder of the genus, that its metacoxal annulus represents the condition of the ancestral "normal Ponerini" and that the remaining species in the genus have secondarily evolved narrowly open metacoxal cavities.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="2E3D99D673FE6BC510224C1D7126EE29" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="92F41256057270701A5E0045A6FF8D33" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis of male</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C7760E48D254258B10DDF4D3D423E09C" pageNumber="39">
|
|
Known only for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6E3D10D5529C67C4DDF0174FCEC1005A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34149" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">gabonensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
, previously undescribed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="68BE1DA54744972D8CFCE37FFFD7ED1D" pageNumber="39">1 Mandible very reduced, sublobate with a small apical tooth and a tiny basal denticle that is nothing more than an exaggeration of the basal angle.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A76C5A2F30FD578B05B51CFA0DB97278" pageNumber="39">2 Palp formula 6,4 (in situ count).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4B58ECC31DBA358F376148E663DA1873" pageNumber="39">3 Frontal lobes absent; antennal sockets fully exposed.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A65DEE482A095609E1305CF094FCE99B" pageNumber="39">4 Antenna with 13 segments, filiform.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E6E783A95346940D64AA587AD4A4127E" pageNumber="39">5 Second funicular segment nearly three times longer than the short scape.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7C4B73FE77A1B30C4F35BCF004EC9F9F" pageNumber="39">6 Eyes large, their inner margins shallowly evenly concave in the median third, not abruptly indented; ocelli prominent.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="80AED05FA0F489E387A51A6615A8DEE0" pageNumber="39">7 Notauli absent; mesoscutum with a short, narrowly triangular crest anteromedially.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B58A8272F7734BD94CE92554B1D52959" pageNumber="39">8 Parapsidal grooves present.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DFC0D6B0F928549872CA0A97786E1AAA" pageNumber="39">9 Mesonotum with deep transverse groove between mesoscutum and mesoscutellum.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="903F5751D34E1C1489B9F69C3D837ABF" pageNumber="39">10 Epimeral lobe present, conspicuous.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A6428CFBFA743769DEB904C510AF5F04" pageNumber="39">11 Propodeal spiracle with orifice slit-shaped.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="181C7A1C5E7F8BAB80560BFC05DF4815" pageNumber="39">12 Mesotibia and metatibia each with two spurs, the anterior simple to barbulate, the posterior pectinate.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CFA2E5FBD77617AFB5B3FD80FD6B40D7" pageNumber="39">13 Pretarsal claws coarsely bifid apically on all legs; the two teeth approximately the same length, inner tooth always slightly more stout than the outer.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A71BCC79A82CF9C094ADCAE1E8884412" pageNumber="39">14 Hindwing with jugal lobe present.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D3D2878F33B2964FA40F083547066D76" pageNumber="39">15 Apex of petiole node with a coarse triangular median tooth, on each side of which is a flat lamella that is angulate at the outer corners.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4B33877542AB0492B6E0BF7CDB6CBB12" pageNumber="39">16 Petiole in profile with an anteroventral tooth and a posteroventral long downcurved plate (appearing as a long curved tooth in absolute profile); posterior free margin of plate is broadly excised medially.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EF80AE877567261D6DBC2A3DD260644A" pageNumber="39">17 Prora apparently absent, modified as in worker and queen (see discussion below).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9117A5D3BFDE0E680B46464FDA660B37" pageNumber="39">18 Gastral segment 2 (= abdominal segment IV) with a distinct girdling constriction between presclerites and postsclerites.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1152BF6A0C709F4D88B37AE4E8F24D7D" pageNumber="39">19 Gastral tergite 5 (= abdominal tergite VII) with a posterolaterally directed large, broadly triangular, prominence on each side; these prominences very densely setose (Fig. 4d).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="33F03B54628D7F7A175EC2B5A9D17999" pageNumber="39">20 Pygidium (= abdominal tergite VIII) with a long, strong, down-curved apical spine medially.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EC1F04452E1ACFD77C781075D5E46D9F" pageNumber="39">21 Hypopygium elongate-triangular.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3212390084BF44DEF3CCE26AEE2AE46D" pageNumber="39">22 Cerci (= pygostyles) present.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="AE2A177085FC88E7868F3A42182AB655" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="C6BB1E7433160C6C03526E1818A4D233" lastPageNumber="40" pageNumber="39">
|
|
Discussion of male characters. Characters 13, 15, 19, and the second half of 16, in italics, are autapomorphic for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD5C7B5E5BD7A94003F987AFA99FF401" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34149" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">gabonensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
males; their presence is considered to be of genus rank and therefore assumed to be
|
|
<pageStartToken id="C8CD18297D25BDB0AECE26E0A8C55DDA" pageNumber="40">universal</pageStartToken>
|
|
within the genus. Character 17 is also highly diagnostic and most probably also autapomorphic. Characters 1-22 together form an inclusive diagnosis that isolates
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D87ADF60AE69A4AC1FAB1C3DDB19186D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
males from all other genera in the tribe. As in the worker and queen some of the other characters are probably also apomorphies with convergent analogues elsewhere in Ponerini.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EE830ABCFACEAFCDA62E30E542FD7FEE" pageNumber="40">1 Reduced mandibles is a long-established apomorphy of male Ponerini (e.g. Bolton, 2003).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7D669174C34F0863460BD091458A2273" pageNumber="40">2 Bolton (2003) pointed out that in Ponerini dimorphism of palp formula between female castes and males was extremely common, with males characteristically having a higher PF count than females, suggesting this character may be an apomorphy of the tribe.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="76310B3E069D1C69266D8AD31C4434C4" pageNumber="40">6 In many groups of Ponerini the inner margin of the eye is distinctly concave or suddenly indented in approximately its median third (e.g. Ogata, 1987; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2007).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="74549D0DABD77C76DD6AA083501722A8" pageNumber="40">
|
|
13 A number of ponerine genera have the pretarsal claws with a preapical tooth in either the female castes, or in the male, or in both. Genera that have known males, and in which the females have simple claws and the males have toothed claws, include
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC4782D1A4F9AC48E126B3AB2FF9C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24831" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Diacamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Diacamma Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diacamma</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A00416DE3EDFC238C37BE621CB30DD07" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24849" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Psalidomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Psalidomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="048C4938512E14CD3D9596100B194AD6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Streblognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Streblognathus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblognathus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="330015A307AC2FAB0FCFE1C020B0879A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
|
|
, some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A4D8D39A0574E0AFCB7F734ACB9E2511" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24840" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontomachus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and some groups within
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E9D2D7EBA9C927E49B500F0398EE2624" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In all of these the preapical tooth is small compared to the apical and is some distance proximal of the apex, which is generally regarded as the plesiomorphic condition throughout the Formicidae. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EECFF1549A99381B7F3F42574B56DB5E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
the preapical claws of the male are strongly bifid, with both components of about equal length; this condition is not otherwise known in the tribe. The condition is proposed as apomorphic for the genus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EA3E96E339DA107BCCB8C6E234E002CD" pageNumber="40">15 The appearance of the dorsal apex of the petiole in the male is an obvious reduction of the condition universal in the female castes. The median tooth has a dorsal carina and a similar carina is visible on each side, close to the outer angle.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B1A9CFE62B2D4011FB80EAF7EDCF063" pageNumber="40">16 and 17 The ventral petiole and its articulation to the gaster are basically the same as in the female castes (see 15-16, above), but not as radically developed. The outer, posteroventral, plate of the petiole sternite is strongly curved downwards and has a V-shaped excision in its posterior margin, rather than being closely applied and convex apically as in the female castes. Because of this the inner, articulatory, sclerite of the sternite is visible in ventral view. The reduced prora, as in females, is inserted between the apices of the arched helcium tergite and is also visible in ventral view without disarticulation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C77F86210B7C43F42A10AEBA9D2FC3C6" pageNumber="40">18 The girdling constriction between the presclerites and postsclerites of the second gastral segment is, in males, of the "normal ponerine" form and does not match the morphology of the female castes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A7D3C45AA99902500DB49C9569EEF08D" pageNumber="40">19 The presence of large, densely setose triangular prominences on the sides of the fifth gastral tergite is unique. Their function remains unknown though they are obviously sensory in nature.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2B7F806A741B81242F237452A6559DFC" pageNumber="40">
|
|
The male morphology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0442BBA4E243C3E1ACE03B98DE08A32F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
most closely resembles that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A512E17F02CE57A1E8FE56E9E9B324B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
(in the broad sense of Bolton, 1994, 1995; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2007), but in the latter several characters occur in a polymorphic condition. Characters common to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21951DD6891F2761D1C6A6268DF718B7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24843" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phrynoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B2D0CE7AD32112BD668FD3DF3AE3656" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
males include 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 18, 20 and 22. Characters polymorphic in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="489999F63B6D613BB4C86E10F67E15D1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
males include 2, 6 (shape of inner margin of eye), 7, 11, 13 (claws simple or toothed, but not bifid) and 14. Characters 5 and 21 need further investigation through the tribe.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="652521B8714098128D5B189486C885DF" type="synonymic_list">
|
|
<paragraph id="94762D5E83982080EA1776179BE65B95" pageNumber="40">Synonymic synopsis of species</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="87E55B62EC2BDAA4A57E54CB73BB41BF" pageNumber="40">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F26A4B05DA92A0D6DEB1F8741C9E4CAC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34148" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera bequaerti Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">bequaerti Wheeler</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1922
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="18299F79663A2B9567A3155B8691576B" pageNumber="40">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="86806FCC5E2AF95B5A579A6398D26F80" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34149" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">gabonensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Andre, 1892)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="41B9B87DD39D1F6BC23A7F6508BFD40B" pageNumber="40">
|
|
=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F549A3C7BC6B289586890CAEEF084D63" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:232396" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis striatidens (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gabonensis" variety="striatidens">gabonensis var. striatidens</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Santschi, 1914)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F3A3BDA64A4E66E702D250BE583FE225" pageNumber="40">
|
|
=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="129D6885D3F35D59FA81B9354DB52EB8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34147" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera armata (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">armata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Santschi, 1919)
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B17327AD6CE6266CD48D03F513ABE444">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="754D945C894DFCB64C2AFD7999DC341E" pageNumber="40">
|
|
=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="896E12984A7A4A6D039EC15F5B552CA7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229922" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis var. robustior (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gabonensis" variety="robustior">gabonensis var. robustior</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Santschi, 1919)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6FE29AB3514CE4DEA61E72262AA64C9D" pageNumber="40">
|
|
=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AFCE2C81337058D885C49D22A763D1E6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34149" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">gabonensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
var. esta Wheeler, 1922
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EE53C14AF0646D12E29CBF9E59FC88C9" pageNumber="41">
|
|
<pageStartToken id="3EFAD16203603F7B47BFA23CB2E8209F" pageNumber="41">=</pageStartToken>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B8C4C286EF06A289AB857F806A224AF4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142763" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis fecunda Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gabonensis" variety="fecunda">gabonensis var. fecunda Wheeler</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1922
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9CBFD3DF5FEB9F713FCD2A92FBFD2A20" pageNumber="41">
|
|
=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9B3C5CBD42F6425D1F54AB35404DD452" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:158877" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis umbrosa Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gabonensis" variety="umbrosa">gabonensis var. umbrosa Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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, 1922
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="048D730D6C91158D452503F458DEF00E" pageNumber="41">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="F2604E79ADABF0737B19177A7444AF25" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142768" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera heterodus Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterodus">heterodus Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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, 1922
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B6ADFD427392FFC12C70E22C2200AD15">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2F3FCB4FA22B6749747CE834F375E9" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C809FD903C33F8BA9419E04712EBA89" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245601" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera pulchella Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">pulchella Bolton & Fisher</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="53B9188CF0BF7D72968C8D7D820B777B" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B1B5E400036A795D7493C155F5A3931B" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="62DA43AE7DA06A5AA90D972C3A95B845" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34151" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera sveni (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sveni">sveni</taxonomicName>
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(Forel, 1916)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4284587E38175109383FE00ADD207278" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="CCF55F8539FF9A57C01C335F8094D065" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245602" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera transversa Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversa">transversa Bolton & Fisher</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EE9E882C37F2328BF7A3E31520E11FB" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFAEDB0B2803C1FE565A8388F19926DC" type="key">
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<paragraph id="42DD5F6A1557BB87EC4A43010E8F0254" pageNumber="41">Key to species (workers)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CEA1003324A1C72C69D47AA6345F09B4" pageNumber="41">1 With the head in full-face view the anterior clypeal margin with a roughly semicircular median excavation, the excavation flanked on each side by a projecting, bluntly tooth-like prominence (Figs 2d, 7d).... 2</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B391998DD229888EF20538E5849D2231" pageNumber="41">- With the head in full-face view the anterior clypeal margin medially shallowly convex to very shallowly and feebly concave; if the latter the shallow concavity rounds evenly into the margin on each side and is not flanked by projecting blunt tooth-like prominences.............................................................................. 3</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A321EB2C38F4A2F24906B3D25B67232B" pageNumber="41">
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2 With head in full-face view some or all of the vertex behind the level of the eyes with arched, transverse, subsulcate sculpture (Fig. 7d). (Gabon, Central African Republic).............................................
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<taxonomicName id="91A6E2042F36CBAD54C9DA861B24B1EC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245602" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera transversa Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversa">transversa</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="50EEEEADA095807A64CD55C79C8FCBDD" pageNumber="41">
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- With head in full-face view the vertex costulate, the costulae radiating outwards and posteriorly from the midline (Fig. 2d). (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroun, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya)...........................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="406AFD78434746C62DF42CD4001B842E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34149" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera gabonensis (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonensis">gabonensis</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9FF0E54104F998F4A768836FDDABB9EF" pageNumber="41">
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3 Much smaller species; HW <1.50, SL <1.20, PW <1.20. Funicular segments 2-4 distinctly much broader than long (Fig. 1c). (Ghana, Cameroun, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo)...........................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="520F61E9CC90E69335A126130F9CCBA1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34148" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera bequaerti Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">bequaerti</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1AF3EF8F6DC44C82D06DD96896248D38" pageNumber="41">- Much larger species; HW> 2.00, SL> 1.80, PW> 1.60. Funicular segments 2-4 at least as long as broad (Figs 5c, 6c) ................................................................................................................................................. 4</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A8E61B77EB83EA141120A1E050040594" pageNumber="41">4 First and second gastral tergites finely and very densely punctulate-shagreenate, matte and dull; both tergites with a dense pelt of appressed pubescence; longest standing setae on first tergite short, ca 0.22 (Fig 5a). Median spine on petiole only slightly longer than the intermediate spines between it and the outer pair</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F35D1FA4662DF81C55C67892858FB86B" pageNumber="41">
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(Fig. 5b). Head at least as broad as long, CI 100 or more; scape shorter, SI 78-80. (Kenya, Tanzania)...... ........................................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="BD9BDE2D52AC06F766732241830581A8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245601" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera pulchella Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">pulchella</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="49EC913ED750088149A71D9BBF444740" pageNumber="41">
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|
- First and second gastral tergites longitudinally costulate and reticulate-punctate; both tergites with sparse appressed pubescence; longest standing setae on first tergite longer, ca 0.36 (Fig. 6a). Median spine on petiole distinctly longer than the intermediate spines between it and the outer pair (Fig. 6a). Head slightly longer than broad, CI 95-98; scape longer, SI 87-91. (Cameroun, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo)...................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="8A6DC4CF6B8E0B0534C3DDAB4BC70679" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34151" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phrynoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Phrynoponera sveni (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sveni">sveni</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |