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<document id="0DB03B6B68F237B62743F55877F41D7B" ID-CLB-Dataset="30150" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4880ad2b-42d6-419d-b115-ecd2f777eea5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1241994" ID-ZooBank="12025774-DB2C-436F-A06C-1A8F9A2B2361" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1525599694387" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Müller, Andreas" docDate="2018" docId="03F3D869FFAA884447D82A4EE05308E0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4415.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4415 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Osmia (Hoplosmia) fallax Perez 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="FFCAA011FFA3884E474F2D38E5410C40" masterDocTitle="Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="297" pageNumber="306" updateTime="1698541837546" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2AB36D6FC544D3CD547A26DF36C10C30" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F3A5F11CA9F03C079C688BB4FE9EC1EC">
<mods:title id="824531281B0D42C1A0774AB1A2246D93">Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="24902A01E871B0DC87621E2130FD2B80" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BF4A51C44D3922D729D55130A4AED192">
<mods:roleTerm id="FCD0E71C46BD2DA27F6AA0536C020574">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EE51C809FB068B7AA8DC08DF960A91F0">Müller, Andreas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="34E02ABA1B419CCA597F221B96D2D44C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4B03F4DB83EF5542D93DE04D092E6B13" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="32A4D7EF19CAC194F7AC7083222267CF">
<mods:title id="9E99CBA8079AAE831002321EC3DC2592">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AA2BF9520E699E42ACF3B1523F428E59">
<mods:date id="5438ADB78EE7255172BBEC3CDC7A0994">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3EF071224FDFFC40B4F01A283404867A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A846F75BCB0A901A84D0A32E3B3E14E2">2018-04-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2A8633C9F6AD9F5D142BF449A86D47CB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="97B8800C17C27DB80018628AFBA82CCC">4415</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2DBD6DC425AAECFF76225E040B3BFC14" type="issue">
<mods:number id="744C8E5CAD9816092D93CB986B5AC4C5">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="42B800DE313D94103367530CA33EB2D2">297</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3A7AAD47B1FBE4D33F2302BB5BB8102D">329</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="47D5ACE40CF9C2940D05AEEDF7FE2AAD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1A62ACD8D0492EF952156343D4FC584A" type="CLB-Dataset">30150</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69B53428412A2448228CC59FBED418B7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7A21635F54FEEE183B8FE0D00CADB817" type="GBIF-Dataset">4880ad2b-42d6-419d-b115-ecd2f777eea5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="49AED25498D9B071B458AF0A23AF55AB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6BA48313CD07CE5FD9F36B90C437DC70" type="Zenodo-Dep">1241994</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F3D869FFAA884447D82A4EE05308E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5955080" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143811336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5955080" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3D869FFAA884447D82A4EE05308E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3D869FFAA884447D82A4EE05308E0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">
<subSubSection id="C3403AF4FFAA884747D82A4EE7210BD0" box="[151,608,1910,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE5697FFFAA884747D82A4EE7210BD0" blockId="9.[151,608,1910,1936]" box="[151,608,1910,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">
<heading id="D0ADDE13FFAA884747D82A4EE7210BD0" bold="true" box="[151,608,1910,1936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFAA884747D82A4EE7210BD0" authority="Perez 1895" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,608,1910,1936]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax" subGenus="Hoplosmia">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFAA884747D82A4EE7210BD0" bold="true" box="[151,608,1910,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFAA884747D82A4EE5A40BD0" bold="true" box="[151,229,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">Osmia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFAA884747B92A4EE43B0BD0" bold="true" box="[246,378,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">Hoplosmia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFAA884746C42A4EE4900BD0" bold="true" box="[395,465,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">fallax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFAA884746972A4EE7210BD0" box="[472,608,1910,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" refId="ref36865" refString="Perez, J. (1895) Especes nouvelles de melliferes de Barbarie (diagnoses preliminaires). Gounouihou, Bordeaux, 64 pp." type="book">Pérez 1895</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3403AF4FFAA884447D82A86E77D0C95" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE5697FFFAA884747D82A86E7710BB2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1981,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4A4E51FFAA884747D82A86E7710BB2" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFAA884747D82A86E4830B93" authority="Perez 1895: 13" authorityName="Perez" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,450,1981,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFAA884747D82A86E45A0B93" box="[151,283,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">Osmia fallax</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFB4F6EFFAA8847466B2A85E4830B93" author="" box="[292,450,1981,2003]" page="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="306">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFAA8847466B2A85E4DA0B93" box="[292,411,1981,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" refId="ref36865" refString="Perez, J. (1895) Especes nouvelles de melliferes de Barbarie (diagnoses preliminaires). Gounouihou, Bordeaux, 64 pp." type="book">Pérez 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 13
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type material: Lectotype ♂, by designation of
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFAA884744F72A85E1160B93" box="[952,1111,1981,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="306" refId="ref37519" refString="Tkalcu, B. (1974 a) Revision und Klassifikation der bisher zur Untergattung Hoplosmia Thomson gestellten Anthocopa - Arten (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 71, 114 - 135." type="journal article">Tkalců (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
, “Andalusia” (Spain), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5697FFFA9884447D82DAFE77D0C95" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447D82DAFE4C30CF0" bold="true" box="[151,386,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Literature records.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884446DE2DA0E4A50CF0" box="[401,484,152,176]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">SPAIN</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884446BA2DAFE71B0CF0" box="[501,602,151,176]" name="Grenada" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884446BA2DAFE71B0CF0" box="[501,602,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Granada</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
: Sierra Elvira (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFA9884444522DAFE1230CF0" box="[797,1122,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" refId="ref36052" refString="Moreno-Rueda, G., Marfil-Daza, C., Ortiz-Sanchez, F. J. &amp; Melic, A. (2008) Weather and the use of empty gastropod shells by arthropods. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 44, 373 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2008.10697573" type="journal article">
Moreno-Rueda
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884444982DA1E14E0CF0" box="[983,1039,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
); Malaga (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFA9884443A72DAFE0CE0CF0" box="[1256,1423,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" refId="ref37519" refString="Tkalcu, B. (1974 a) Revision und Klassifikation der bisher zur Untergattung Hoplosmia Thomson gestellten Anthocopa - Arten (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 71, 114 - 135." type="journal article">Tkalců 1974a</bibRefCitation>
); Barcelona,
<collectingRegion id="499EA79DFFA9884446592D84E43B0C95" box="[278,378,188,213]" country="Spain" name="Catalunya" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Cataluña</collectingRegion>
(Ceballos 1956).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3403AF4FFA9884447882DE7E6FF0DB4" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5697FFFA9884447882DE7E6FF0DB4" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447882DE7E4220CB8" bold="true" box="[199,355,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">New records.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884446252DD8E4FC0CB8" box="[362,445,224,248]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">SPAIN</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="499EA79DFFA9884446882DE7E7650CB8" box="[455,548,223,248]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884446882DE7E7650CB8" box="[455,548,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Valencia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: Almenara la Llosa,
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA98844445C2DD8E6180CB8" box="[787,857,223,248]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
N Sagunt,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884444982DD8E1060CB8" box="[983,1095,224,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2001-04-27">27.4.2001</date>
(leg. E. Scheuchl);
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA98844426A2DD8E02D0CB8" box="[1317,1388,223,248]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</quantity>
SW
<collectingRegion id="499EA79DFFA9884447D82C3CE5BB0D5D" box="[151,250,260,285]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Valencia</collectingRegion>
, Muela de Cortes reserv.,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884445512C3CE7CF0D5D" box="[542,654,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2003-05-14">14.5.2003</date>
(leg. M. Halada);
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884444122C3CE6FB0D5D" box="[861,954,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Alicante</emphasis>
: Xixona,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884443652C3CE1CD0D5D" box="[1066,1164,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2000-05-01">1.5.2000</date>
(leg. E. Scheuchl); Coll de Rates, between Callosa d’en Sarria and Parcent,
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA9884445B32C1FE6080D7F" box="[764,841,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884444152C1FE6FD0D00" box="[858,956,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2000-05-03">3.5.2000</date>
(leg. E. Scheuchl);
<collectingRegion id="499EA79DFFA9884443E32C11E1BC0D00" box="[1196,1277,297,320]" country="Spain" name="Murcia" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884443E32C11E1BC0D00" box="[1196,1277,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Murcia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: Alahama de
<collectingRegion id="499EA79DFFA9884447D82C74E5AA0D25" box="[151,235,332,357]" country="Spain" name="Murcia" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Murcia</collectingRegion>
, Monte Muela,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884446EE2C74E7500D24" box="[417,529,332,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2000-04-29">29.4.2000</date>
(leg. E. Scheuchl); Pto. de Jumilla,
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA9884444FC2C74E6BE0D24" box="[947,1023,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884443432C74E13D0D25" box="[1036,1148,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2003-05-19">19.5.2003</date>
(leg. M. Halada);
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA98844421C2C74E0DD0D25" box="[1363,1436,332,357]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
SW Cartagena,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA98844461D2C57E4830DC8" box="[338,450,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2003-05-19">19.5.2003</date>
(leg. M. Halada);
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884445E82C57E6400DC8" box="[679,769,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Almeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884445E82C57E6400DC8" box="[679,769,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Almeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA98844445A2C57E6200DC8" box="[789,865,367,392]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
W
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884444DB2C57E1020DC8" authority=", Berja" authorityName="Berja" box="[916,1091,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Almeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Almeria, Berja</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA98844431B2C48E1820DC8" box="[1108,1219,368,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2003-04-21">21.4.2003</date>
(leg. M. Halada);
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884447D82CACE5BD0DED" box="[151,252,404,429]" name="Grenada" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447D82CACE5BD0DED" box="[151,252,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Granada</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
: Polopos,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884446342CACE49C0DED" box="[379,477,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="1997-05-05">5.5.1997</date>
(leg. M. Halada).
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884445F32CACE60F0DEC" box="[700,846,404,428]" name="Morocco" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">MOROCCO</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884444122CACE6A50DED" box="[861,996,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Fès-Meknès</emphasis>
: Ifrane,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884443032CACE1FD0DED" box="[1100,1212,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="1962-06-15">15.6.1962</date>
(leg. W. Schläfle); Ifkern,
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA9884447BF2C8FE47C0D90" box="[240,317,439,464]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
E Boulemane, 24–
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884445682C8FE7D60D90" box="[551,663,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="1995-05-25">25.5.1995</date>
(leg. M. Halada); Ifrane,
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA9884444962C8FE1770D8F" box="[985,1078,439,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884443062C8FE1F90D90" box="[1097,1208,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="1996-10-06">10.6.1996</date>
(leg. P. Rasmont);
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884447D82CE4E44A0DB4" box="[151,267,476,500]" name="Tunisia" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">TUNISIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="499EA79DFFA98844465A2CE5E4C40DB4" box="[277,389,477,500]" country="Tunisia" name="Kasserine" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA98844465A2CE5E4C40DB4" box="[277,389,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Kasserine</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
<quantity id="4CA2C49AFFA9884446DB2CE4E49A0DB5" box="[404,475,476,501]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
NNW Thelepte,
<date id="FFE44FBFFFA9884445D32CE4E64D0DB4" box="[668,780,476,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" value="2001-03-24">24.3.2001</date>
(leg. C. Saure).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3403AF4FFA9884447882CC7E4650FAD" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE5697FFFA9884447882CC7E6BB0E58" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1184]" box="[199,1018,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447882CC7E4210E58" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Distribution.</emphasis>
Western and southern
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA98844452F2CC7E7E20E58" box="[608,675,511,536]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Spain</collectingCountry>
, Maghreb (
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA98844446E2F38E6CA0E58" box="[801,907,512,536]" name="Morocco" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884444D92CC7E6AF0E58" box="[918,1006,511,536]" name="Tunisia" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5697FFFA9884447882F1CE4650FAD" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447882F1CE41C0E7D" bold="true" box="[199,349,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Pollen hosts.</emphasis>
Polylectic with a strong preference for
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884444542F1CE6C70E7D" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[795,902,548,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cistaceae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884444882F1CE12D0E7D" box="[967,1132,548,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884444882F1CE12D0E7D" box="[967,1132,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Helianthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), additional pollen sources include
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884447BD2F7FE4C40E20" authorityName="" authorityYear="1835" box="[242,389,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884446DD2F70E74C0E20" box="[402,525,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884445522F7FE7E60E20" box="[541,679,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asteroideae">Asteroideae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884445FB2F7FE6170E20" box="[692,854,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cichorioideae">Cichorioideae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884444252F7FE1320E20" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[874,1139,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Echium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884444252F7FE6FE0E20" box="[874,959,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Echium</emphasis>
(Boraginaceae)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884443E32F7FE0640E20" authorityName="" authorityYear="1820" box="[1196,1317,583,608]" family="Lamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
(based on 13 pollen loads from six different localities in
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA9884445E52F54E7AB0EC5" box="[682,746,620,645]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Spain</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA98844446B2F54E6CF0EC4" box="[804,910,620,644]" name="Morocco" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Morocco</collectingCountry>
). Pollen of
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA98844435D2F54E13C0EC5" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1042,1149,620,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cistaceae</taxonomicName>
constituted 93.6% of the total pollen grain volume and was recorded in all pollen loads, seven of which were pure
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884443D72FB7E0450EE8" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1176,1284,655,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cistaceae</taxonomicName>
pollen loads, indicating a very high importance of the flowers of
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884445A42F8CE6170E8D" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[747,854,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cistaceae</taxonomicName>
as host plants. Interestingly, the scopal hairs of
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884442CE2F8DE5960EB0" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884442CE2F8DE0D40E8C" box="[1409,1429,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447D82FEFE5960EB0" box="[151,215,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are straight and apically spatulate rather than wavy and apically button-like as in all the other
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884443A22FE0E0490EAF" box="[1261,1288,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884442572FEFE0D20EB0" box="[1304,1427,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplosmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884442572FEFE0D20EB0" box="[1304,1427,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Hoplosmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) species, which are most probably all specialized on
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884445B12FC4E63D0F54" box="[766,892,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
. This deviating scopal hair shape might be an adaptation to the need of transporting pollen of different sizes and morphologies or might reflect the relaxed selection for wavy hairs to uptake or transport
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884445E52E7CE6640F1C" box="[682,805,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
pollen. Furthermore, in both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884443962E7DE07D0F1D" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" box="[1241,1340,836,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884443962E7DE1AC0F1C" box="[1241,1261,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884443B32E7CE07D0F1D" box="[1276,1340,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the first and the second segment of the labial palpus are of roughly the same length, which is in sharp contrast to all the other
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447982EB5E5AA0FE4" box="[215,235,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA98844464D2EB4E43C0FE5" box="[258,381,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplosmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA98844464D2EB4E43C0FE5" box="[258,381,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Hoplosmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) species, where the first segment is distinctly shorter than the second. This difference might be due to different morphological requirements to suck nectar from the host plants of
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA98844433C2E88E19B0F88" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" box="[1139,1242,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA98844433C2E88E1C60F87" box="[1139,1159,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884443D52E97E19B0F88" box="[1178,1242,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884442552E88E0D90F88" box="[1306,1432,944,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3403AF4FFA9884447882ECFE05308E0" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5697FFFA9884447882ECFE05308E0" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447882ECFE4C40850" bold="true" box="[199,389,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Nesting biology.</emphasis>
The nests are built in empty snail shells (e.g.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884444C32ECFE1960850" box="[908,1239,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Sphincterochila candidissima</emphasis>
) and contain 1–4 brood cells per shell (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFA9884446CA2924E7F00874" box="[389,689,1052,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" refId="ref36052" refString="Moreno-Rueda, G., Marfil-Daza, C., Ortiz-Sanchez, F. J. &amp; Melic, A. (2008) Weather and the use of empty gastropod shells by arthropods. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 44, 373 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2008.10697573" type="journal article">
Moreno-Rueda
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884445782925E7290875" box="[567,616,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; J. Ortiz-Sanchez personal communication). In southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F34D29EFFFA98844421A2924E0D90875" box="[1365,1432,1052,1077]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884447D82978E5BD0818" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,252,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447D82978E5EA0817" box="[151,171,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884447F32907E5BD0818" box="[188,252,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the cleptoparasitic megachilid bee species
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884444682907E1C10818" authority="Noskiewicz" authorityName="Noskiewicz" authorityYear="1926" box="[807,1152,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Stelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odontopyga">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884444682907E6B00818" box="[807,1009,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">Stelis odontopyga</emphasis>
Noskiewicz
</taxonomicName>
were found at the same localities inhabiting empty snail shells (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFA98844451F295CE63D083C" box="[592,892,1124,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" refId="ref36052" refString="Moreno-Rueda, G., Marfil-Daza, C., Ortiz-Sanchez, F. J. &amp; Melic, A. (2008) Weather and the use of empty gastropod shells by arthropods. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 44, 373 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2008.10697573" type="journal article">
Moreno-Rueda
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA98844444D295DE673083D" box="[770,818,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
), suggesting that
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA988444371295DE19F083D" authorityName="Noskiewicz" authorityYear="1926" box="[1086,1246,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Stelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odontopyga">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA988444371295DE10D083C" box="[1086,1100,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA988444315295CE19F083D" box="[1114,1246,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">odontopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known to develop in nests of
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884446C229B0E75A08E0" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[397,539,1159,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884446C229B0E4E008DF" box="[397,417,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884446E029BFE75A08E0" box="[431,539,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB148EFFA98844456629BFE7B008E0" box="[553,753,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" refId="ref36474" refString="Noskiewicz, J. (1925) Neue europaische Bienen. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 4, 230 - 237." type="journal article">Noskiewicz 1925</bibRefCitation>
; Blüthgen 1926), might also parasitize
<taxonomicName id="4C5A12FCFFA9884443E629B0E04A08E0" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" box="[1193,1291,1159,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA9884443E629B0E1FC08DF" box="[1193,1213,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92EB56DFFA98844438429BFE04A08E0" box="[1227,1291,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="307">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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