333 lines
40 KiB
XML
333 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="AED3581B5CCF98E1D72170BBCCD5DCDC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10438079" ID-ZooBank="6D86633F-0167-414D-B511-550BCBE578CD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1703752267404" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Turner, James & Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad" docDate="2023" docId="03D45C5614030F78178C872DFC40A08D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5394.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5394 (1)" docSource="https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5394.1.1/52549" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Culex (Culex) univittatus Theobald 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFED242E14290F52171B835CFFB2A745" masterDocTitle="An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1703753015972" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="DA75B4970DEA2D5BEFB1FDC282164B8C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="09D961E43010D5F6133B774535D35DF0">
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<mods:title id="792829DF83F4A6A9F387A6B6BB09D0D3">An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BD37E91CCF369468F83182DA1CF83948" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D80C2922CBE3B417BC54C4F71EDB8AE4">Dawah, Hassan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="816E864527ABEDA85F751F21FD8FFABB" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5642-7247</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="843C30864BECE85B81D09F5C1576494A">Centre for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P. O. Box 2095, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia dawaha @ hotmail. co. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5642 - 7247</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F9D8C712C0D35478B5C664B92526C38" type="email">dawaha@hotmail.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="08BFF3ABF36EDD526094898774D0A0FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="932C0B7C50FF0CB0A43525864F2064F6">Abdullah, Mohammed A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B71FE11C5259F23F7861CDBA61ACEC52" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3323-3623</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB521248A5C4ED4254B745ADC0A3C0A2">Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha- 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia mohd _ robiya @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3323 - 3623</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E44FB948F1FF6BAAB802C6F8520E408C" type="email">mohd_robiya@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="34B4D08D8AACA4CC263E598B985DFA61">Ahmad, Syed Kamran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9F4649FD32ED0F7BA218DDB186B0CEF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6211-2345</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="739C99DA710D540DDFC8F20EE6EAF52A">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India entosaif @ rediffmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6211 - 2345</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="84528641CD5024AFB24C3923CCA20CA2" type="email">entosaif@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="015279697EE8D2B84BA9AF5A59F0911F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C28924505C929CAEB9528F6834F62D09">Turner, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EAFC2752828FB60621C700F0432B8C91" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2411-7396</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BBEFF531A3DEC35F83A41BDCF0F7362">National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Entomology Section, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP, UK James. Turner @ museumwales. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2411 - 7396</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="76EF19BDC163A9B32DF40D6ED254D700" type="email">urner@museumwales.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F4E74F2CDE60C0CADC27F0968114D60B">Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0A5B8C654691803110089A0EE4AD46F2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9370-9638</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="34019525B05B4A1D6631883DB921E893">Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology, Mycology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran azari @ gums. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9370 - 9638 * Corresponding author: azari @ gums. ac. ir</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E957344EAE868057E77D441CA93E381C" type="email">azari@gums.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0139A248D49B916A68CB14A68CE94DCF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="05492639E8EF8242366D0B9023EBD0E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CD232892A9E90720087E2F1EDB2A61A1">
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<mods:date id="ABFE8E5F67A012C9109F7B1ECA46083A">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8072CBFD7E5CF61D1AA07149F051F5A1">2023-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0BC2E18FA09B735B9363ECF61A6AB70D">5394</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EF8FB9985AC309F4232519D8EB0A7F45" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D63B3E020BC1164C7C1E6CB15744EDA" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D45C5614030F78178C872DFC40A08D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10438255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10438255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D45C5614030F78178C872DFC40A08D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D45C5614030F78178C872DFC40A08D" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C367BECB14030F78178C872DFCA3A3CE" box="[151,785,1137,1164]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC2ED4014030F78178C872DFCA3A3CE" blockId="42.[151,785,1137,1164]" box="[151,785,1137,1164]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D08A5A2C14030F78178C872DFCA3A3CE" bold="true" box="[151,785,1137,1164]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F78178C872DFCA3A3CE" bold="true" box="[151,785,1137,1164]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F78178C872DFD13A3CE" ID-CoL="8BMPB" authority="Theobald, 1901 b" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,673,1137,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="univittatus" subGenus="Culex">
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F78178C872DFF6DA3C9" bold="true" box="[151,223,1137,1164]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Culex</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F7817EB872DFE8AA3C9" bold="true" box="[240,312,1137,1164]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Culex</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F781652872DFE78A3CE" bold="true" box="[329,458,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">univittatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7816CB872EFD13A3CE" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[464,673,1137,1164]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref61357" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 b) A Monograph of the Culicidae or Mosquitoes. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 391 pp." type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1346F1C514030F7815AA872DFCBBA3CE" box="[689,777,1137,1163]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[463,1124,181,1320]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[463,1124,181,1320]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 41. Culex univittatus, female (Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, photo by David Pecor, Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10438211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10438211/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367BECB14030F78178C87E6FD80A396" box="[151,562,1209,1236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC2ED4014030F78178C87E6FD80A396" blockId="42.[151,1437,1209,1992]" box="[151,562,1209,1236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<materialsCitation id="3B15E71D14030F78178C87E6FD9FA396" box="[151,557,1209,1236]" country="Zimbabwe" location="Salisbury" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F78178C87E6FE84A396" bold="true" box="[151,310,1209,1236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<typeStatus id="54C653E214030F78178C87E6FF60A391" box="[151,210,1210,1236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EA2BB9B14030F78162787E5FE15A396" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D45C5614030F78178C872DFC40A08D:8EA2BB9B14030F78162787E5FE15A396" box="[316,423,1209,1235]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Salisbury" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Salisbury</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7816A987E5FD9FA396" box="[434,557,1209,1235]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367BECB14030F7817DC8781FBC1A205" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC2ED4014030F7817DC8781FBC1A205" blockId="42.[151,1437,1209,1992]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F7817DC8781FED3A3B2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1245,1271]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species is mostly found in the Afrotropical Region (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7814EB8781FB27A3BD" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[1008,1173,1245,1272]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref48893" refString="Harbach, R. E. (1988) The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 24 (1), vi + 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1988">Harbach 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). In the Middle East, it occurs in southwestern
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F781686865DFD9CA25E" box="[413,558,1281,1307]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F781579865EFD02A259" box="[610,688,1282,1308]" name="Yemen" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7815A5865DFCD2A259" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[702,864,1281,1308]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="83 - 107" refId="ref48831" refString="Harbach, R. E. (1985) Pictorial keys to the genera of mosquitoes, subgenera of Culex and the species of Culex (Culex) occurring in southwestern Asia and Egypt, with note on the subgeneric placement of Culex deserticola (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 17 (2), 83 - 107." type="journal article" year="1985">Harbach 1985</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F781470865EFC14A259" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[875,934,1282,1308]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref48893" refString="Harbach, R. E. (1988) The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 24 (1), vi + 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7814AB865EFC59A259" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[944,1003,1282,1308]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="7" refId="ref48969" refString="Harbach, R. E. (1999) The identity of Culex perexiguus Theobald versus Cx. univittatus Theobald in southern Europe. European Mosquito Bulletin, 4, 7." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7814ED865EFB5CA259" author="Jupp, P. G. & Harbach, R. E." box="[1014,1262,1281,1308]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref50545" refString="Jupp, P. G. & Harbach, R. E. (1990) Crossmating and morphological studies of Culex neavei and Culex perexiguus (Diptera: Culicidae) to elucidate their taxonomic status. Mosquito Systematics, 22 (1), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1990">Jupp & Harbach 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7813E3865DFF60A205" author="Alahmed, M. A. & Al Kuriji, M. A. & Kheir, S. M. & Alahmedi, S. A. & Al Hatabbi, M. J. & Al Gashmari, M. A. M." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="991 - 1013" refId="ref38879" refString="Alahmed, M. A., Al Kuriji, M. A., Kheir, S. M. Alahmedi, S. A., Al Hatabbi, M. J. & Al Gashmari, M. A. M. (2009) Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and seasonal activity in Makkah Al Mukarramah Region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 39 (3), 991 - 1013." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Alahmed
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F78127E865EFA2FA25E" box="[1381,1437,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7817C6867AFEA8A205" author="Alahmed, A. M. & Munawar, K. & Khalil, S. M. S. & Harbach, R. E." box="[221,282,1318,1344]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="356" refId="ref39036" refString="Alahmed, A. M., Munawar, K., Khalil, S. M. S. & Harbach, R. E. (2019) Assessment and an updated list of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 019 - 3579 - 4" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
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). It was recorded for the first time in
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<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7815A08679FCFEA27A" box="[699,844,1317,1343]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78146F8679FBDDA205" author="Alahmed, M. A. & Al Kuriji, M. A. & Kheir, S. M. & Alahmedi, S. A. & Al Hatabbi, M. J. & Al Gashmari, M. A. M." box="[884,1135,1317,1344]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="991 - 1013" refId="ref38879" refString="Alahmed, M. A., Al Kuriji, M. A., Kheir, S. M. Alahmedi, S. A., Al Hatabbi, M. J. & Al Gashmari, M. A. M. (2009) Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and seasonal activity in Makkah Al Mukarramah Region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 39 (3), 991 - 1013." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Alahmed
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F7814F9867AFBA8A27A" box="[994,1050,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367BECB14030F7817DC8616FC40A08D" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC2ED4014030F7817DC8616FCFCA189" blockId="42.[151,1437,1209,1992]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F7817DC8616FE86A221" bold="true" box="[199,308,1354,1380]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The old records of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F78150C8616FD09A226" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[535,699,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="univittatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78150C8616FD09A226" box="[535,699,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cx. univittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in southwestern Asia refer to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F7813178616FB01A226" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1036,1203,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perexiguus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7813178616FB01A226" box="[1036,1203,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cx. perexiguus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7813F58615FA22A221" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[1262,1424,1353,1380]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref48893" refString="Harbach, R. E. (1988) The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 24 (1), vi + 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1988">Harbach 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Further study of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F7816988631FD3DA2C2" authority="Assemblage" authorityName="Assemblage" box="[387,655,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="univittatus">Univittatus Assemblage</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Africa and Asia, perhaps including molecular analyses, is needed (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78178486CDFDAEA2E9" author="Azari-Hamidian, S. & Harbach, R. E." box="[159,540,1425,1452]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref41494" refString="Azari-Hamidian, S. & Harbach, R. E. (2009) Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 2078 (1), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2078.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Azari-Hamidian & Harbach 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F78153586CDFD5FA2EE" box="[558,749,1425,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="univittatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78153586CDFD5FA2EE" box="[558,749,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Culex univittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a line of scales marking the position of vein 2A, which is unique among mosquitoes (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7816D586E9FDC0A295" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[462,626,1461,1488]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref48893" refString="Harbach, R. E. (1988) The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 24 (1), vi + 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1988">Harbach 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78159E86E9FCCCA295" author="Alahmed, A. M. & Munawar, K. & Khalil, S. M. S. & Harbach, R. E." box="[645,894,1461,1488]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="356" refId="ref39036" refString="Alahmed, A. M., Munawar, K., Khalil, S. M. S. & Harbach, R. E. (2019) Assessment and an updated list of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 019 - 3579 - 4" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|
Alahmed
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7815E886EAFC97A28A" box="[755,805,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2019)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
believed that the record of this species in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F78124786E9FF51A2B6" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
|
requires verification as the identification of this species was based on larvae and adults and it should have been based on the male genitalia, which provide the only reliable characters to distinguish this species from the closely related
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F7817F1857EFE23A17E" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[234,401,1570,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perexiguus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7817F1857EFEBBA179" box="[234,265,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cx</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78160C857EFE23A17E" box="[279,401,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">perexiguus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In this regard, the old records of this species in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7814B0857DFC4DA17E" box="[939,1023,1569,1595]" name="Algeria" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F781315857EFB5BA179" author="Senevet, G. & Andarelli, L. & Lieutand A." box="[1038,1257,1569,1596]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="52 - 53" refId="ref58912" refString="Senevet, G., Andarelli, L. & Lieutand A. (1957) A propos de Culex univittatus Theob. [in French]. Archives de l'institut Pasteur d'Algerie. Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 35 (1), 52 - 53." type="journal article" year="1957">
|
|
Senevet
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F781374857EFB14A17E" box="[1135,1190,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1957
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7813E7857EFA8DA179" box="[1276,1343,1570,1596]" name="Egypt" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F781256857DFE91A11A" author="Abdel-Malek, A." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="111 - 128" refId="ref37944" refString="Abdel-Malek, A. (1960) The culicine mosquitoes of the northern region of the United Arab Republic. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 44, 111 - 128." type="journal article" year="1960">Abdel-Malek 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F781623851AFED7A125" box="[312,357,1606,1632]" name="Iraq" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78166E8519FDF7A125" author="Rueda, L. M. & Pecor, J. E. & Lowen, R. G. & Carder, M." box="[373,581,1605,1632]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="397 - 402" refId="ref58105" refString="Rueda, L. M., Pecor, J. E., Lowen, R. G. & Carder, M. (2008) New record and updated checklists of the mosquitoes of Afghanistan and Iraq. Journal of Vector Ecology, 33 (2), 397 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.3376 / 1081 - 1710 - 33.2.397" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Rueda
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7816DC851AFDB3A11A" box="[455,513,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7815418519FD2AA11A" box="[602,664,1605,1631]" name="Israel" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7815B38519FC0CA125" author="Margalit, J. & Tahori, A. S." box="[680,958,1605,1632]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="77 - 91" refId="ref53584" refString="Margalit, J. & Tahori, A. S. (1974) An annotated list of mosquitoes in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 9, 77 - 91." type="journal article" year="1974">Margalit & Tahori 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49B923A214030F7814C98519FBA4A11A" box="[978,1046,1605,1631]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Dubayy" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dubai</collectingRegion>
|
|
of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7813248519FA85A11A" box="[1087,1335,1605,1631]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78125C8519FF61A1C6" author="Service, M. W." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref59132" refString="Service, M. W. (1986) The biologies of Aedes caspius (Pallas) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in Dubai. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 7, 11 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1742758400003039" type="journal article" year="1986">Service 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7817F38535FE88A1C6" box="[232,314,1641,1667]" name="Kuwait" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7816518535FE49A1C1" author="Al-Houty, W." box="[330,507,1641,1668]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="145 - 162" refId="ref40077" refString="Al-Houty, W. (1997) Chacklist of the insect fauna of Kuwait. Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, 24, 145 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Al-Houty 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F78150B8535FDC0A1C6" box="[528,626,1641,1667]" name="Lebanon" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7815998535FCEFA1C6" author="Abdel-Malek, A." box="[642,861,1641,1667]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="111 - 128" refId="ref37944" refString="Abdel-Malek, A. (1960) The culicine mosquitoes of the northern region of the United Arab Republic. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 44, 111 - 128." type="journal article" year="1960">Abdel-Malek 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7814698536FC65A1C1" box="[882,983,1642,1668]" name="Morocco" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7814FD8535FB17A1C1" author="Trari, B. & Dakki, M. & Harbach, R. E." box="[998,1189,1641,1668]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="94 - 104" refId="ref61781" refString="Trari, B., Dakki, M. & Harbach, R. E. (2017) An updated checklist of the Culicidae (Diptera) of Morocco, with notes on species of historical and current medical importance. Journal of Vector Ecology, 42 (1), 94 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jvec. 12243" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Trari
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7813338536FBD3A1C6" box="[1064,1121,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7813A18536FB4CA1C1" box="[1210,1278,1642,1668]" name="Oman" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7812158535FE9BA1ED" author="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref53894" refString="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia. I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly & Knight 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F78162685D2FEC9A1ED" box="[317,379,1678,1704]" name="Qatar" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Qatar</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78169185D1FDFBA1ED" author="Kardousha, M. M." box="[394,585,1677,1704]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="804 - 807" refId="ref50904" refString="Kardousha, M. M. (2015) Additional records of vector mosquito diversity collected from Al Khor district of North-estern Qatar. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5 (10), 804 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 2222 - 1808 (15) 60944 - 6" type="journal article" year="2015">Kardousha 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F78154785D1FD25A1E2" box="[604,663,1677,1703]" name="Syria" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7815BC85D1FCCCA1E2" author="Abdel-Malek, A." box="[679,894,1677,1703]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="111 - 128" refId="ref37944" refString="Abdel-Malek, A. (1960) The culicine mosquitoes of the northern region of the United Arab Republic. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 44, 111 - 128." type="journal article" year="1960">Abdel-Malek 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7814A585D1FBA3A1E2" box="[958,1041,1677,1703]" name="Tunisia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78133B85D1FB4CA1ED" author="Tabbabi, A. & Rhim, A. & Daaboub, J." box="[1056,1278,1677,1704]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1000249" refId="ref60991" refString="Tabbabi, A., Rhim, A. & Daaboub, J. (2017) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tunisia, with particular attention to proven and potential vectors: A review. Journal of Tropical Diseases, 5 (5), 1000249. https: // doi. org / 10.4172 / 2329 - 891 X. 1000249" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Tabbabi
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78139885D2FB0EA1E2" box="[1155,1212,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) are doubtful, probably based on misidentified specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F7815BB85EEFCF5A18E" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[672,839,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perexiguus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7815BB85EEFCF5A18E" box="[672,839,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cx. perexiguus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC2ED4014030F7817DC8589FC40A08D" blockId="42.[151,1437,1209,1992]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7817DC8589FE0DA1AA" bold="true" box="[199,447,1749,1775]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Medical importance.</emphasis>
|
|
In areas of the Afrotropical Region,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F781447858AFC4DA1AA" box="[860,1023,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="univittatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F781447858AFC4DA1AA" box="[860,1023,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cx. univittatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a competent vector of arboviruses of public health importance, such as Sindbis virus (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7815C585A5FC60A051" author="Weinbren, M. P. & Kokernot, R. H. & Smithburn, K. C." box="[734,978,1785,1812]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="27" refId="ref62450" refString="Weinbren, M. P., Kokernot, R. H. & Smithburn, K. C. (1956) Strains of Sindbis-like virus isolated from culicine mosquitoes in the Union of South Africa. I. Isolation and properties. South African Medical Journal, 30 (27), 631 - 536." type="journal article" year="1956">
|
|
Weinbren
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78144F85A6FC35A056" box="[852,903,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1956
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), West Nile virus (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7813BD85A5FA25A056" author="McIntosh, B. M. & Jupp, P. G. & Dickinson, D. B. & McGillivray, G. M. & Sweetnam, J." box="[1190,1431,1785,1812]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref54051" refString="McIntosh, B. M., Jupp, P. G., Dickinson, D. B., McGillivray, G. M. & Sweetnam, J. (1967) Ecological studies on Sindbis and West Nile viruses in South Africa. I. Viral activity as revealed by infection of mosquitoes and sentinel fowls. South African Journal of Medical Sciences, 32 (1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1967">
|
|
McIntosh
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78120085A6FAFFA056" box="[1307,1357,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1967
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78178C8441FE37A07D" author="Schaffner, F. & Bansal, D. & Mardini, K. & Al-Marri, S. A. & Al-Thani, M. H. J. & Al-Romaihi, H. & Sultan, A. A. & Al-Hajri, M. & Farag, E. A. B. A." box="[151,389,1821,1848]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref58553" refString="Schaffner, F., Bansal, D., Mardini, K., Al-Marri, S. A. Al-Thani, M. H. J., Al-Romaihi, H., Sultan, A. A., Al-Hajri, M. & Farag, E. A. B. A. (2021) Vectors and vector-borne diseases in Qatar: current status, key challenges and future prospects. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association, 39 (1), 3 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.52004 / JEMCA 2021. x 001" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|
Schaffner
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7816118442FE89A072" box="[266,315,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Wesselsbron virus (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F78156A8441FC2BA072" author="Worth, C. B. & de Meillon, B." box="[625,921,1821,1848]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="231 - 256" refId="ref63206" refString="Worth, C. B. & de Meillon, B. (1960) Culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded from the province of Mocambique (Portuguese East Africa) and their relationship to arthropod-borne viruses. Annals of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Lisbon, 17, 231 - 256." type="journal article" year="1960">Worth & de Meillon 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Rift Valley fever virus and potentially Usutu virus in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F36AADD014030F7817EB841DFECFA01E" box="[240,381,1857,1883]" name="South Africa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F781691841EFDB3A019" author="Jupp, P. G." box="[394,513,1858,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="339 - 357" refId="ref50420" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1971) The taxonomic status of Culex (Culex) univittatus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in South Africa. Journal of Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 34 (2), 339 - 357. [https: // hdl. handle. net / 10520 / AJA 00128789 _ 2966]" type="journal article" year="1971">Jupp 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F781510841DFD41A01E" author="McIntosh, B. M. & Jupp, P. G. & dos Santos, I. & Meenehan, G. M." box="[523,755,1857,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="295 - 300" refId="ref54128" refString="McIntosh, B. M., Jupp, P. G., dos Santos, I. & Meenehan, G. M. (1976) Epidermic of West Nile and Sindbis viruses in South Africa with Culex (Culex) univittatus Theobald as vector. South Africa Journal of Science, 72 (10), 295 - 300." type="journal article" year="1976">
|
|
McIntosh
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F781567841EFD1EA01E" box="[636,684,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1976
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7815E6841DFC61A019" author="Nikolay, B. & Diallo, M. & Boye, C. S. B. & Sall, A. A." box="[765,979,1857,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1417 - 1423" refId="ref55744" refString="Nikolay, B., Diallo, M., Boye, C. S. B. & Sall, A. A. (2011) Usutu virus in Africa. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11 (11), 1417 - 1423. https: // doi. org / 10.1089 / vbz. 2011.0631" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|
Nikolay
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F781446841EFC3FA01E" box="[861,909,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2011
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7814C6841DFB19A019" author="Simsaa, M. A. A. & Harbach, R. E. & Almalik, A. M. A. & Ahmed, E. M. & Eisa, A. A. & Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S." box="[989,1195,1857,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref59714" refString="Simsaa, M. A. A., Harbach, R. E., Almalik, A. M. A., Ahmed, E. M., Eisa, A. A., Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S. (2021) Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded along the Nile River in central and northern Sudan, with a key for the identification of all species of the genus known to occur in the country. Zootaxa, 4963 (3), 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4963.3.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Simsaa
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F781328841EFBD8A01E" box="[1075,1130,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7813A6841DFA2EA01E" author="Tantely, M. L. & Le Goff, G. & Boyer, S. & Fontenille, D." box="[1213,1436,1857,1883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="20" refId="ref61237" refString="Tantely, M. L., Le Goff, G., Boyer, S. & Fontenille, D. (2016) An updated checklist of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar. Parasite, 23, 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2016018" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Tantely
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<emphasis id="B909315214030F78120D841EFAFEA01E" box="[1302,1356,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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|
(2016)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
reported that in Afrotropical Africa this species is involved in the transmission of Babahovo, Bagaza, Rift Valley fever and West Nile viruses, as well as
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F78155D84D5FC86A0E6" baseAuthorityName="Service" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[582,820,1929,1955]" class="Chromadorea" family="Onchocercidae" genus="Wuchereria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
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|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78155D84D5FC86A0E6" box="[582,820,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wuchereria bancrofti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and avian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7D96C314030F7814B084D5FB85A0E6" box="[939,1079,1929,1955]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F7814B084D5FB85A0E6" box="[939,1079,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Plasmodium</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
(presence of sporozoites). Also, Spondweni virus has been isolated from this species (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC90B114030F7815F584F1FC57A08D" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. A." box="[750,997,1965,1992]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref62791" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. A. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols 1 and 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltomore, Maryland, 1308 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
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|
Wilkerson
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|
<emphasis id="B909315214030F78147184F2FC10A082" box="[874,930,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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|
2021
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
).
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|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |