366 lines
54 KiB
XML
366 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="05274A553592C252EA64F1652EEC97A6" ID-CLB-Dataset="22581" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cab7562c-80d6-4c50-be4c-1818403c0c4b" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3770819" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A6A15AA-9B6D-4168-8857-29E183D965B9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588014284861" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Vacelet, Jean" docDate="2020" docId="0390B806982DFB5FFF10FA24FB5CF91A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4767.2.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4767 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Abyssocladia mucronata Vacelet 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="272" masterDocId="FFA9C07E9821FB50FF87FB54FFFAFFA5" masterDocTitle="Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="257" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1698837364441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EE11F1F85346C72B72ADE07FCC05CA76">Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AEB554EA374983106CA23B85ADBFF3BA">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FC687A5BBA0B7798633BF944256143C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61848E366126E90847C1455E58E5F5F0">
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<mods:date id="CF1E0B7D07756DC855FFAFB6F02DBAF0">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE0C6A8AD55B0A8413FA6FF3515D7807">2020-04-24</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E0E68877213CD556EFF3812E0BEDFEAE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0390B806982DFB5FFF10FA24FB5CF91A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3798814" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163812691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3798814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B806982DFB5FFF10FA24FB5CF91A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390B806982DFB5FFF10FA24FB5CF91A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982DFB5CFF10FA24FDEEFE2E" box="[151,532,368,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF10FA24FDEEFE2E" blockId="12.[151,532,368,431]" box="[151,532,368,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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<heading id="D0CEBE7C982DFB5CFF10FA24FDEEFE2E" bold="true" box="[151,532,368,395]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF10FA24FDEEFE2E" bold="true" box="[151,532,368,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397293982DFB5CFF10FA24FE49FE2E" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,435,368,395]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mucronata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF10FA24FE49FE2E" bold="true" box="[151,435,368,395]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Abyssocladia mucronata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E6879982DFB5CFE3DFA25FDEEFE2E" box="[442,532,369,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982DFB5CFF10FAC1FEF1FE0A" box="[151,267,405,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF10FAC1FEF1FE0A" blockId="12.[151,532,368,431]" box="[151,267,405,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFF18FAC1FEF9FE0A" box="[159,259,405,431]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770835" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3770835/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982DFB5CFF10FA89FEC0FD56" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF10FA89FD5EFDBE" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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<materialsCitation id="3B51034D982DFB5CFF10FA89FD5EFDBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609008330" collectingDate="2016-08-25" collectionCode="MEOW" country="New Caledonia" elevation="1014" latitude="-23.366667" location="Expedition" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="167.9" municipality="Station" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" specimenCode="MNHN-IP-2015-1475" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF10FA89FEFEFE52" bold="true" box="[151,260,477,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFF10FA89FEFEFE52" box="[151,260,477,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB9FA16B982DFB5CFE8DFA88FDFFFE52" box="[266,517,476,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">MNHN-IP-2015-1475</specimenCode>
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KANACONO
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<location id="8EE65FCB982DFB5CFD36FA89FCD5FE52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B806982DFB5FFF10FA24FB5CF91A:8EE65FCB982DFB5CFD36FA89FCD5FE52" box="[689,815,477,503]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-23.366667" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="167.9" municipality="Station" name="Expedition" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Expedition</location>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F32E4980982DFB5CFCBEFA89FC1CFE52" box="[825,998,477,503]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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(MEOW),
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE2936A982DFB5CFBE4FA89FB48FE52" box="[1123,1202,477,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Station</collectingMunicipality>
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||
beam trawl CP4754,
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<date id="FF872FD0982DFB5CFF10F954FEE0FDBE" box="[151,282,512,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" value="2016-08-25">
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<collectingDate id="EFC3D638982DFB5CFF10F954FEE0FDBE" box="[151,282,512,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" value="2016-08-25">25/08/2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD7982DFB5CFEA2F955FE7BFDBE" box="[293,385,513,539]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" precision="925" value="-23.366667">23°22’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD7982DFB5CFE0FF954FE0CFDBE" box="[392,502,512,539]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" precision="925" value="167.9">167°54’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFD86F955FD65FDBE" box="[513,671,513,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">
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<elevation id="0014EE23982DFB5CFD86F955FD65FDBE" box="[513,671,513,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">1009–1019 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40F971FCA4FD9A" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" box="[199,862,548,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40F971FECEFD9A" bold="true" box="[199,308,549,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFF40F971FECEFD9A" box="[199,308,549,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
1: MNHN-IP-2015-1476, same data as
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||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFD72F971FCA1FD9A" box="[757,859,549,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40F91DFCA4FDC6" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" box="[199,862,584,611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40F91DFEB3FDC6" bold="true" box="[199,329,585,611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFF40F91DFECEFDC6" box="[199,308,585,611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
2
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: MNHN-IP-2015-1477, same data as
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||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFD72F91DFCA1FDC6" box="[757,859,585,611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40F939FCA4FD22" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" box="[199,862,620,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40F939FEB3FD22" bold="true" box="[199,329,621,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFF40F939FECEFD22" box="[199,308,621,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
3
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: MNHN-IP-2015-1478, same data as
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||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFD72F939FCA1FD22" box="[757,859,621,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40F9C4FEC0FD56" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40F9C4FE3DFD0E" bold="true" box="[199,455,656,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Additional specimens</emphasis>
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||
. Six specimens and numerous fragments, same data as the
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<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982DFB5CFBD8F9C5FB3FFD0E" box="[1119,1221,657,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
. Pictures of freshly collected and in situ specimens from KANADEEP Expedition 2,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32E4980982DFB5CFCEFF9E1FBECFD6A" box="[872,1046,693,719]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FF872FD0982DFB5CFBA6F9E1FB59FD6A" box="[1057,1187,693,719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" value="2019-09-16">16/09/2019</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2891D5982DFB5CFB2AF9E1FB37FD6A" box="[1197,1229,693,719]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
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||
744-05, BB-C-16, Mont Munida.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982DFB5CFF40F9A8FD6BFC9E" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40F9A8FD6BFC9E" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40F9A8FEB8FCB2" bold="true" box="[199,322,764,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Branching, arborescent
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982DFB5CFDD4F9A9FD0AFCB2" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[595,752,765,791]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
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with mucronate styles, mucronate anisotornotes, and arcuate cleistochelae with intermingling appendages.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982DFB5FFF40F810FB23FEC2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40F810FA8DFBDA" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40F810FEA3FCFA" bold="true" box="[199,345,836,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Ten specimens and numerous fragments of an arborescent, dichotomously branching sponge with a cylindrical stem dividing into several branches in a single plane with an angle of approximately 45°, up to
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||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFAD0F83DFA66FC26" box="[1367,1436,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
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||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFF7AF8D9FEBBFC02" box="[253,321,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFE0CF8D9FE2BFC02" box="[395,465,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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||
A–D). The branches, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFD7BF8D9FCCEFC02" box="[764,820,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
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||
number, are straight or weakly curved. On living specimens observed in situ, the branches bear regular low lobes, giving a corrugated, ringed appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFB73F8E5FABCFC6E" box="[1268,1350,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 7C</figureCitation>
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||
). These low lobes are less visible on freshly collected, still living specimens, and disappear on preserved specimens which have an irregular surface, certainly due to poor preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFCC5F8ADFC69FBB6" box="[834,915,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cylindrical stem before the first branches is smooth,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFE88FF48FE7DFB92" box="[271,391,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFE60FF49FDB9FB92" box="[487,579,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with faint, weakly spiraled nervures on the surface,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFA89FF48FA66FB92" box="[1294,1436,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="225.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="200.0">200–250 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFEA3FF15FE88FBFE" box="[292,370,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
), corresponding to the spicule fascicles of the stem. The sponge was attached to a rocky bottom by a hard, conic holdfast disk
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFE6FFF31FDA9FBDA" box="[488,595,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="6.0">6–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The color, brown in ethanol, is yellow in living specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40FFDCFC3AFA42" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40FFDCFECFFB06" bold="true" box="[199,309,1160,1187]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
The holdfast of the attachment base is made of mucronate styles 1, closely apposed and parallelly arranged in a compact, dense skeleton, often including small pieces of rock. The basal stem and the axis of the branches are made of the same mucronate styles, longitudinally included in spongin in a polyaxial skeleton of fibers about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFF5BFFA1FEC9FAAA" box="[220,307,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. These fascicles of spicules appear as weakly spiraled nervures at the surface of the stem. In the branches, the mucronate styles 1 of the axis are more regular in size than in the stem and base. On both sides of the branches, the verrucose or warty expansions, which are present only in places in the preserved specimens, have a secondary axis of mucronate oxea, thinner than the styles 1, perpendicularly or obliquely inserted in the main axis, ca
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFF74FED1FEB1FA3A" box="[243,331,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Abyssochelae are most often irregularly dispersed in the tissue of the expansions, are rarely grouped without definite order at their surface, and are absent from the stem and the attachment base. In all specimens, the living tissue of the surface seems to be poorly preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40FEA4FBD0F91A" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982DFB5CFF40FEA4FED3F9AE" bold="true" box="[199,297,1520,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFEBDFEA5FE83F9AE" box="[314,377,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mucronate styles or pseudoxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFC8AFEA5FC74F9AE" box="[781,910,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Figs 8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
): one end (the “head”) has a short, mucronate point which is sometimes twisted and rarely absent; the other end has a longer, non-mucronate point. In the branches and in the stem, these spicules are straight or more rarely weakly curved, slightly fusiform, and regular in size: 510– 660 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFF5BFD08FEB4F9D2" box="[220,334,1628,1655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFEDBFD09FE56F9D2" box="[348,428,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the attachment base, they are considerably more variable in shape and size, sometimes short and thick, slightly curved and more often non-mucronate: 160–570 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFC5AFDD5FBAAF93E" box="[989,1104,1665,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="13.0">13–19 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFBD9FDD5FB4AF93E" box="[1118,1200,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The short styles are more or less numerous according to the specimen and the location in the holdfast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40FD9DFAC3F88E" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
|
||
Anisotornotes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFEF5FD9DFE3EF946" box="[370,452,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
), are straight and isodiametric, ending in short, mucronate points. The two ends are most often slightly different. They are mainly found in the short, secondary axis of the lateral expansions of the branches. They are absent from the attachment base and rare in the axis of stem and branches. 310–360 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFB41FC44FACFF88E" box="[1222,1333,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.0">5–7.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40FC61FCD3F81E" blockId="12.[151,1437,476,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">
|
||
Arcuate cleistochelae of unusual shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFD0BFC61FD24F8EA" box="[652,734,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral alae and the frontal tooth of both ends cross each other and become strongly entangled. Diverse stages of the growth and intermingling of the alae and teeth are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982DFB5CFF4CFC29FEE6F832" box="[203,284,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">Fig 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the alae initially falciform, then thickening and becoming angulate and enlarged at their end. 38–45 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982DFB5CFF7EFCF4FE96F81E" box="[249,364,1952,1979]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 µm</quantity>
|
||
with a height/width ratio around 2–2.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF465998982CFB5DFF10FC1CFE6CF868" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3770835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770835/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="270" startId="13.[151,250,1864,1889]" targetBox="[163,1425,181,1839]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982CFB5DFF10FC1CFE6CF868" blockId="13.[151,1437,1864,1997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982CFB5DFF10FC1CFEE9F8C4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1864,1889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="270">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982CFB5DFE9DFC1DFDEEF8C4" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[282,532,1865,1889]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="270" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mucronata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982CFB5DFE9DFC1DFDEEF8C4" box="[282,532,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="270">Abyssocladia mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982CFB5DFD9CFC1DFD91F8C4" bold="true" box="[539,619,1865,1889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E6879982CFB5DFD9CFC1DFD91F8C4" box="[539,619,1865,1889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="270" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF465998982FFB5EFF10FC2CFCBAF87C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="271" startId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" targetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982FFB5EFF10FC2CFCBAF87C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1912,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982FFB5EFF10FC2CFEE8F834" bold="true" box="[151,274,1912,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="271">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982FFB5EFE9FFC2DFDE8F835" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[280,530,1913,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="271" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mucronata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982FFB5EFE9FFC2DFDE8F835" box="[280,530,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="271">Abyssocladia mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982FFB5EFD9FFC2DFD92F834" bold="true" box="[536,616,1913,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E6879982FFB5EFD9FFC2DFD92F834" box="[536,616,1913,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="271" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982EFB5FFF40FBCCFB23FEC2" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFF40FBCCFD5FFF16" bold="true" box="[199,677,152,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Living tissue and reproductive elements</emphasis>
|
||
. On the preserved specimens, living tissue is irregularly verrucose, with occasional rare, short bud-like processes that are irregular and less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982EFB5FFC6DFBE9FBD0FF72" box="[1002,1066,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The main stem has no flesh coating. In all parts, the living tissue contains a great number of foreign bodies, including foraminiferous shells, foreign spicules of synascidians and hexactinellids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982EFB5FFD6EFA51FCC6FEBA" box="[745,828,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1425,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770835/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Fig 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is unknown if these foreign bodies are present in the living specimens. No cellular elements can be described in the living tissue, and no reproductive element were observed. No aperture or aquiferous system was visible. No clearly identified prey was observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982EFB5FFF40FA24FD3BFDC6" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982EFB5FFF40FA24FD3BFDC6" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFF40FA24FE0CFE2E" bold="true" box="[199,502,368,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Distribution and Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
All examined specimens were collected by trawl from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982EFB5FFBD5FA25FB11FE2E" box="[1106,1259,369,395]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">1009–1019 m</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD7982EFB5FFAC7FA25FA66FE2E" box="[1344,1436,369,395]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" precision="925" value="-23.366667">23°22’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD7982EFB5FFF10FAC0FEFCFE0A" box="[151,262,404,431]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" precision="925" value="167.9">167°54’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Station CP 4734 SE of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E4980982EFB5FFD91FAC1FD3CFE0A" box="[534,710,405,431]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, during the KANACONO expedition, during the same operation that found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFE97FAEDFD91FE76" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[272,619,441,467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstrongylata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFE97FAEDFD91FE76" box="[272,619,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Abyssocladia microstrongylata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E6879982EFB5FFDF6FAEDFD3DFE76" box="[625,711,441,467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The number of specimens obtained in this single trawling operation suggested that the sponge was rather abundant at this location, and it appears to be the same for the new collection and in situ observation made possible during the KANADEEP 2 expedition in
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982EFB5FFBDAF955FB48FDBE" box="[1117,1202,513,539]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12826" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" unit="in" value="2019.0">2019 in</quantity>
|
||
station PL 744-05 at a distance of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982EFB5FFE51F970FDDAFD9A" box="[470,544,548,575]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
. The enlarged, solid fixation base indicates that the sponge was living on rocky substrate, a fact confirmed by in situ observation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982EFB5FFF40F939FB2EFD22" box="[199,1236,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982EFB5FFF40F939FB2EFD22" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1727]" box="[199,1236,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFF40F939FEB4FD22" bold="true" box="[199,334,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFE56F93AFDA1FD22" box="[465,603,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">mucronatus,</emphasis>
|
||
referring to the mucronate character of the megascleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B982EFB5FFF40F9C5FB5CF91A" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982EFB5FFF40F9C5FE27FC4A" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFF40F9C5FECEFD0E" bold="true" box="[199,308,657,683]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This new species is remarkable due to several characteristics. Owing to its external shape, which is constant in all the specimens, it resembles a gorgonian more than a sponge. Such an arborescent shape has been described in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFEEDF98DFDFDFD56" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[362,519,729,755]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFDEDF98DFAA3FD56" authority="Kelly & Vacelet, 2011" authorityName="Kelly & Vacelet" authorityYear="2011" box="[618,1369,729,755]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="desmophora" subGenus="Asbestopluma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFDEDF98DFBABFD56" box="[618,1105,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E1982EFB5FFBDDF98DFAA3FD56" author="Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J." box="[1114,1369,729,755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref10276" refString="Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. (2011) Three new remarkable carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from deep New Zealand and Australian (Macquarie Island) waters. Zootaxa, 2976 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2976.1.4" type="journal article" year="2011">Kelly & Vacelet, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFA03F98DFD47FCB2" authority="Lundsten, Reiswig & Austin, 2014" authorityName="Lundsten, Reiswig & Austin" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monticola" subGenus="Asbestopluma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFA03F98DFEC2FCB2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">A. (A.) monticola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E1982EFB5FFEBAF9A9FD47FCB2" author="Lundsten, L. & Reiswig, H. & Austin, W. C." box="[317,701,765,791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" pagination="101 - 123" refId="ref10635" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. & Austin, W. C. (2014) Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa, 3786 (2), 101 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3786.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Lundsten, Reiswig & Austin, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but these belong to another genus with different spicules, and bear some filaments on the branches. Two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFD66F875FC84FC9E" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[737,894,801,827]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the KANADEEP collection, n° 1764 A,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F5982EFB5FFA09F875FF43FCFA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, have a very similar external shape and color, with an inflated holdfast at the base, but have the spiculation of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFEABF83DFE50FC26" box="[300,426,873,899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFEABF83DFE50FC26" box="[300,426,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Cladorhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They could easily be confused in the field by their external characteristics, although on close examination, they differ by the presence of small filaments on the terminal part of the branches. Filaments, frequently observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFE1CF8E5FDC1FC6E" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[411,571,945,971]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are absent here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFC93F8E5FC56FC6E" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[788,940,945,971]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mucronata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFC93F8E5FC56FC6E" box="[788,940,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">A. mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFC33F8E5FBF4FC6E" bold="true" box="[948,1038,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E6879982EFB5FFC33F8E5FBF4FC6E" box="[948,1038,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and seem to be absent in the living or well preserved specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982EFB5FFF40F8ADFD3BFB06" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">
|
||
The new species is also well characterized by its spicules. The megascleres are unique among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFB5AF8ADFA80FBB6" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[1245,1402,1017,1043]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their mucronate character. The larger spicules, which constitute the main axis, have different ends, as usual in styles, but the “head” is most often mucronate, different from that of the “tip”, so they are termed “mucronate styles”. The smaller megascleres, located mainly in the secondary axes, are considered as anisotornotes due to their shape and to their ends which are most often slightly different.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982EFB5FFF40FFF9FAE3F9D2" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">
|
||
Given their large height/width ratio of around 2–2.5, the chelae are here termed arcuate cleistochelae rather than abyssochelae, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E1982EFB5FFE63FF85FD52FB4E" author="Lopes, D. A. & Bravo, A. & Hajdu, E." box="[484,680,1233,1259]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" pagination="407 - 443" refId="ref10525" refString="Lopes, D. A., Bravo, A. & Hajdu, E. (2011) New carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from off Diego Ramirez Archipelago (south Chile), with comments on taxonomy and biogeography of the family. Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 407 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 11015" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Lopes
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFDA8FF86FD9AFB4E" box="[559,608,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. But this term is not entirely satisfactory, as cleistochelae applies to arcuate isochelae with the median teeth nearly in contact. Here the shape is very unusual, with both alae and teeth not only in contact, but intermingling and strongly entangled. There are many modified
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982EFB5FFB04FE4DFB44FA96" box="[1155,1214,1305,1331]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of chelae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFAD2FE4DFEFDFAF2" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFE2CFE69FDDBFAF2" authorityName="Lundbeck" authorityYear="1905" box="[427,545,1341,1367]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Mycalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFDDCFE69FD01FAF2" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[603,763,1341,1367]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and some have long teeth and alae that more or less cross those of the other extremity. Examples could be the thaumatochela described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFB9AFE35FEB5FA3A" authority="Lundbeck, 1905" authorityName="Lundbeck" authorityYear="1905" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="thaumatochela" subGenus="Navicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFB9AFE35FB95FADE" box="[1053,1135,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Mycale</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFB07FE35FB1FFADE" box="[1152,1253,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Navicula</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFB71FE35FA66FADE" box="[1270,1436,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">thaumatochela</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E1982EFB5FFF10FED1FEB5FA3A" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[151,335,1412,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" refId="ref10594" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1905) Porifera. (Part II.) Desmacidonidae (pars.). The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 6 (2). BiancoLuno, Copenhagen, 1 - 219, pls. I-XX." type="book" year="1905">Lundbeck, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anisochelae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFDAFFED1FBB4FA3A" authority="(Schmidt, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[552,1102,1413,1439]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="titubans" subGenus="Anomomycale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFDAFFED1FC68FA3A" box="[552,914,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Mycale (Anomomycale) titubans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E1982EFB5FFC27FED1FBBFFA3A" author="Schmidt, O." box="[928,1093,1413,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref10838" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des Atlantishen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 2 + 88 pp., VI pls. [pp. iii-iv + 1 - 88, pls. I-VI]" type="book chapter" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E1982EFB5FFB60FED1FA62FA3A" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[1255,1432,1412,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" refId="ref10594" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1905) Porifera. (Part II.) Desmacidonidae (pars.). The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 6 (2). BiancoLuno, Copenhagen, 1 - 219, pls. I-XX." type="book" year="1905">Lundbeck 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, or the naviculochelae found in diverse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFDDBFEFDFCBFFA66" authority="" box="[604,837,1449,1475]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Naviculina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFDDBFEFDFCBFFA66" box="[604,837,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Mycale (Naviculina)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. But these belong to a different
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982EFB5FFB74FEFDFAD9FA66" box="[1267,1315,1449,1475]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of chelae, anisochelae, non isochelae as here. In arcuate isochelae, the chelae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFC28FE99FA80FA42" authority="(Topsent, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[943,1402,1485,1511]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phellodermidae" genus="Echinostylinos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="glomeris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFC28FE99FB44FA42" box="[943,1214,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Echinostylinos glomeris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E1982EFB5FFB4AFE99FA88FA42" author="Topsent, E." box="[1229,1394,1485,1511]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref10879" refString="Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61852" type="journal article" year="1904">Topsent, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFF10FEA5FEB0F9AE" authorityName="Van Soest & Hajdu" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,330,1521,1547]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phellodermidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Phellodermidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have teeth and alae which cross, but which never intermingle as they do in this new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982EFB5FFA87FEA5FA6FF9AE" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[1280,1429,1521,1547]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="272" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982EFB5FFA87FEA5FA6FF9AE" box="[1280,1429,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although this
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B2982EFB5FFEB1FD41FE9CF98A" box="[310,358,1557,1583]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of chela appears to be very unusual among arcuate isochelae, it appears unjustified to distinguish a special chelae term for them, which would be based on a single example. In this species, there is a remarkable number of chelae with appendages not fully entangled, interpreted as possible growing stages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13021595982EFB5FFB3AFD09FAF6F9D2" box="[1213,1292,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770837/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">Fig 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982EFB5FFF40FDD5FB5CF91A" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="272">These special chelae raise an interesting question in a presumably carnivorous sponge, concerning the function of these spicules in trapping prey, a point which will be discussed in a general remark below.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |