791 lines
101 KiB
XML
791 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document id="598240ABAF770DD0284BD8B6AB83A0BE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3670.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72a55b38-f05e-4a91-a94d-605da87bd6c1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283923" ID-ZooBank="3A44374C-03AB-40F8-9FED-0A240D7C8DF6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460633468190" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dehling, J. Maximilian & Matsui, Masafumi" docDate="2013" docId="03FB192BAF528F56798EEDB67849AB2C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03670p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3670 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptolalax fritinniens Dehling & Matsui, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1BB3C6A5-17DF-4B72-A988-EAE3C46FEBAD" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFC26153AF508F5E7919ED6B7C10AC60" masterDocTitle="A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698334707471" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8CCCAA7A2BCD2FB46240CE491D88B068">
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<mods:title id="AA793C81CF2A82AB8BCB3DC1BC1EF818">A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="500F8825B4B8D0EF24480C37451BF1ED" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7BCF3BBAA64403C095326C71AFE27C15">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4FA89FBC4EC8A152BF3B9A112666A919">Dehling, J. Maximilian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5C0CB94DB31B306D29AEDDC312721B5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D8CB868A040179D51BA64E33AA293E15">Matsui, Masafumi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F23B2C55DBDD5B28D4A241F2783323B8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="96FFCB59461805735A46B14202C23C52">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BF31BBDC798A07A0D799D5C34F515297">
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<mods:date id="32C20D6B3301F950329494403D60A25F">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B3999DA2D14E36BDFF0502CF571DD44E">3670</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="107805862AA7E249E30D773D4AFFE2FC" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="488BDCE1F93F41A000ABD471E1CAEB75">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="478F5E4787EB10FACDFF32DD65268EC4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A6ADB824FED3FED30700D36538F08C3E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3670.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB192BAF528F56798EEDB67849AB2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689598" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689598" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1BB3C6A5-17DF-4B72-A988-EAE3C46FEBAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB192BAF528F56798EEDB67849AB2C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C348FBB6AF528F5C798EEDB67D3FAD5C" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF528F5C798EEDB67DF7AC97" blockId="2.[151,487,221,316]" box="[151,487,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D0A51F51AF528F5C798EEDB67DF7AC97" bold="true" box="[151,487,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C798EEDB67DF7AC97" bold="true" box="[151,487,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF528F5C798EEDB67D8EAC97" ID-CoL="3TQPP" box="[151,414,221,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C798EEDB67D8EAC97" bold="true" box="[151,414,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215C954AF528F5C78BCEDB67DF7AC97" box="[421,487,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF528F5C798EED947D3FAD5C" blockId="2.[151,487,221,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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Twittering Litter Frog (
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<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF528F5C7987EC4F7D36AD5C" box="[158,294,292,316]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1932,1955]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,839,862]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,978,1001]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,734,1888]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,734,1888]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Lateral (left), ventral (middle) and dorsal (right) views of the holotype of Leptolalax fritinniens (NMBE 1056267) in life." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized Leptolalax fritinniens. Scale bar represents 10 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Calling males of (A) Leptolalax fritinniens, (B) L. gracilis, (C) L. hamidi, and (D) L. arayai. Note the bipartite vocal sacs in L. fritinniens and L. hamidi and the single, median vocal sacs in L. gracilis and L. arayai." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Volar view of right hand (left) and plantar view of right foot (right) of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized Leptolalax fritinniens. Scale bar represents 5 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/283924/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/283925/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/283926/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/283927/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348FBB6AF528F5C798EEC077E0AAEA8" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF528F5C798EEC077CE9ADAC" blockId="2.[151,1436,364,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C798EEC077D14ADE4" bold="true" box="[151,260,364,388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF528F5C798EEC077D14ADE4" box="[151,260,364,388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: NMBE 1056267, adult male, from near Camp 5 (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE66CEFAAF528F5C7A24EC077FD8ADE4" box="[829,968,364,388]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="4.1368">4°08.208' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE66CEFAAF528F5C7ACDEC077865ADE4" box="[980,1141,364,388]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="114.8937">114°53.622' E</geoCoordinate>
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, ca.
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<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF528F5C7DB1EC0778FFADE4" box="[1192,1263,364,388]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="114.0">114 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.), Gunung Mulu National Park, Miri Division,
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<collectingCountry id="F345E8ADAF528F5C7B5EECE47EBAADC7" box="[583,682,399,423]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
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, East
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<collectingCountry id="F345E8ADAF528F5C7BE1ECE47F4FADC7" box="[760,863,399,423]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(Borneo), collected
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<date id="FFEC8EFDAF528F5C7D4FECE47938ADC7" box="[1110,1320,399,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2007-12-03">3 December 2007</date>
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by J. M. Dehling.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF528F5C79DEECB37E0AAEA8" blockId="2.[151,1436,364,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C79DEECB37D58AD90" bold="true" box="[199,328,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF528F5C79DEECB37D53AD90" box="[199,323,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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BMNH 1978.1524, 1978.1525, two adult females, from Batu
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<collectingCountry id="F345E8ADAF528F5C7D10ECBC782CAD8F" box="[1033,1084,471,495]" name="Palau" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Pala</collectingCountry>
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, a limestone outlier near Camp 5, Gunung Mulu National Park, collected in 1977 by Julian M. C. Dring; NMBE 1056367–1056368, two adult males, from near Camp 5, Gunung Mulu National Park, collected
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<date id="FFEC8EFDAF528F5C7A9FEF747824AE57" box="[902,1076,543,567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-20">20 March 2009</date>
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by A. Haas, J. M. Dehling, Pui
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<collectingCountry id="F345E8ADAF528F5C798EEF2E7CBEAE3C" box="[151,174,581,604]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Y</collectingCountry>
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.-M., S. T. Hertwig, and A. Jankowski; KUHE 10534, an adult male, from Camp 5, Gunung Mulu National Park, collected
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<date id="FFEC8EFDAF528F5C781AEF0C7DC7AE1F" box="[259,471,615,639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="1989-12-26">26 December 1989</date>
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by M. Matsui and K. Araya; SRC unnumbered (former KUHE 53678), KUHE 53676, 53679–53681, four adult males, from near Camp 5, Gunung Mulu National Park, collected
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<date id="FFEC8EFDAF528F5C7D84EFE77941AEC4" box="[1181,1361,652,676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2010-08-21">21 August 2010</date>
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by M. Matsui, K. Nishikawa, and K. Eto.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348FBB6AF528F5C79DEEFB87F9EA818" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF528F5C79DEEFB87F9EA818" blockId="2.[151,1436,364,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C79DEEFB87D51AE8C" bold="true" box="[199,321,723,748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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We allocate the new species to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF528F5C7A43EFBF7FC2AE8C" box="[858,978,724,748]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C7A43EFBF7FC2AE8C" box="[858,978,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Leptolalax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for showing the following diagnostic characters: vomerine teeth absent, finger tips rounded, fingers lacking webbing, with toe webbing basal or rudimentary, limbs relatively long and slender, subarticular tubercles indistinct, inner palmar tubercle elevated and not extending to Finger I, outer metatarsal tubercle absent, nuptial pads absent, tip of snout with vertical white bar (Dubois 1983, 1987; Lathrop
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C78FBEE0E7E03AF1C" box="[482,531,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. 1998, Delorme
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C7BD7EE0E7EEEAF1C" box="[718,766,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. 2006). The new species can be distinguished from all other members of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF528F5C7880EEE37E01AFC0" box="[409,529,904,928]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C7880EEE37E01AFC0" box="[409,529,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Leptolalax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of following characters: (1) size large, SVL of males 31.8– 34.0 mm, of females
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<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF528F5C788FEEC77E51AFA4" box="[406,577,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="46.6" valueMax="47.7" valueMin="45.5">45.5–47.7 mm</quantity>
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; (2) snout rounded in both ventral view and lateral view; (3) interorbital distance smaller than width of upper eyelid; (4) vocal sac of males subgular, bipartite; (5) toe webbing basal; (6) skin on dorsum and dorsal side of head shagreened with tiny tubercles; (7) supratympanic fold angled; (8) pectoral glands small; (9) supraaxillary glands and ventrolateral glandular ridges absent; (10) venter spotted; (11) advertisement call consisting of long series of 8–289 notes, each composed of with three or four pulses, dominant frequency at 7225–9190 Hz, with prominent frequency modulation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF2DF8B5AF528F5C798EEAE77CCAABA1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283924/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1436,1199,1908]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF528F5C798EEAE77CCAABA1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1932,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C798EEAE77D03ABC2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1932,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Lateral (left), ventral (middle) and dorsal (right) views of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF528F5C7D1BEAE678CDABC3" box="[1026,1245,1933,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF528F5C7D1BEAE678CDABC3" box="[1026,1245,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMBE 1056267) in life.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF2DF8B5AF538F5D798EEE2C7DA6AF1C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283925/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,194,817]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF538F5D798EEE2C7DA6AF1C" blockId="3.[151,1435,839,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D798EEE2C7D05AF3C" bold="true" box="[151,277,839,862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized
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<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF538F5D7DA0EE2C7985AF3D" box="[1209,1429,839,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D7DA0EE2C7985AF3D" box="[1209,1429,839,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar represents 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348FBB6AF538F5D79DEEECF7801AFBF" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF538F5D79DEEECF7801AFBF" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
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||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D79DEEECF7D5EAFDC" bold="true" box="[199,334,932,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
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||
The species epithet derives from the Latin
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF538F5D7A56EEC87FD2AFDB" box="[847,962,931,955]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
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<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D7A56EEC87FD2AFDB" box="[847,962,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">fritinniens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, meaning “twittering”, in allusion to the species’ high-pitched advertisement call with prominent frequency modulation.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348FBB6AF538F5679DEEE807849AB2C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF538F5D79DEEE807EEDA9D3" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D79DEEE807DF4A864" bold="true" box="[199,484,1003,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Description of
|
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<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF538F5D786FEE877DCFA864" box="[374,479,1004,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
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</emphasis>
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Habitus moderately slender (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D7A34EE807F88A863" box="[813,920,1003,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral (left), ventral (middle) and dorsal (right) views of the holotype of Leptolalax fritinniens (NMBE 1056267) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283924/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D7AA2EE807FDBA863" box="[955,971,1003,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,839,862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized Leptolalax fritinniens. Scale bar represents 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283925/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2</figureCitation>
|
||
); head moderately wide (HW/SVL 0.32), about as wide as long (HW/HL 0.98) and wider than trunk; snout rounded in both ventral view and lateral view, slightly protruding, its length 40 % of head length and 90 % of eye diameter, wider than long (SL/EE 0.84); canthus rostralis distinct, slightly concave between eye and nostril in dorsal view, almost straight-lined in lateral view; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostrils oval, directed dorsolaterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye (EN/ NS 1.12); distance between eye and nostril subequal to internarial distance (EN/NN 0.97) and much smaller than eye diameter (EN/ED 0.58); eye very large (ED/HL 0.45); pupil vertical; tympanum distinct, rounded, its diameter half the eye diameter (TD/ED 0.50); interorbital distance smaller than width of upper eyelid (IO/EW 0.65) and smaller than internarial distance (IO/NN 0.90); pineal ocellus absent; symphysial knob on anteriormost part of mandible; vomerine ridge and teeth absent; tongue large, broad, bifid, free for about half its length; median lingual process absent; vocal sac subgular, bipartite, consisting of two lateroventrally situated parts which are fused with each other medially when inflated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D7B2AE81C7E88A9EF" box="[563,664,1399,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,978,1001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calling males of (A) Leptolalax fritinniens, (B) L. gracilis, (C) L. hamidi, and (D) L. arayai. Note the bipartite vocal sacs in L. fritinniens and L. hamidi and the single, median vocal sacs in L. gracilis and L. arayai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); apertures of vocal sac slit-like, directed posterolaterally, situated halfway between base of tongue and corners of mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF538F5D79DEE8D47E65AA07" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Forelimbs slender, moderately long (ELB/SVL 0.70, ARM/SVL 0.56); hand longer than forearm (HND/ARM 0.55); fingers long and slender, without webbing or lateral fringes of skin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D7D19E8887876A99B" box="[1024,1126,1507,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,734,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,734,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Volar view of right hand (left) and plantar view of right foot (right) of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized Leptolalax fritinniens. Scale bar represents 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283927/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); relative length of fingers II<I<IV<III; finger tips rounded and thickened; subarticular tubercles indistinct; large, prominent, rounded tubercle in thenar and metacarpal region of fingers I, II, and III, separated by a distinct groove from much smaller, rounded tubercle in metacarpal region of Finger IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF538F5D79DEEB187FA3AB06" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Hindlimbs moderately long (LEG/SVL 1.69); tibiofibula long (TFL/SVL 0.54), longer than foot (TFL/FOT 1.12) and longer than thigh (TFL/THL 1.07); heels overlapping each other with knees flexed and thighs being held perpendicularly to median plane of body; toe tips rounded and thickened, smaller than finger tips; toe webbing basal, webbing formula
|
||
<date id="FFEC8EFDAF538F5D78B4EB897DD6AA9A" box="[429,454,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D78B4EB897DA8AA9A" bold="true" box="[429,440,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">I</emphasis>
|
||
2
|
||
</date>
|
||
-2.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D78EBEB897E18AA9A" bold="true" box="[498,520,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">II</emphasis>
|
||
2-
|
||
<date id="FFEC8EFDAF538F5D7B39EB897E3DAA9A" box="[544,557,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">3</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D7B34EB897E5EAA9A" bold="true" box="[557,590,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">III</emphasis>
|
||
2.75-
|
||
<date id="FFEC8EFDAF538F5D7B91EB897E86AA9A" box="[648,662,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">4</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D7B8FEB897EA5AA9A" bold="true" box="[662,693,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">IV</emphasis>
|
||
4+-
|
||
<date id="FFEC8EFDAF538F5D7BCCEB897EE8AA9A" box="[725,760,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF538F5D7BFDEB897EE8AA9A" bold="true" box="[740,760,1762,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D7A10EB897F7EAA9A" box="[777,878,1762,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,734,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,734,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Volar view of right hand (left) and plantar view of right foot (right) of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized Leptolalax fritinniens. Scale bar represents 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283927/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); narrow fringes of skin on lateral sides of toes; relative length of toes I<II<V<III<IV; subarticular tubercles indistinct; longitudinal ridges of thickened skin on plantar side of phalanges except distal ones of toes II–V, absent on Toe I; inner metatarsal tubercle large (length 2.0 mm), oval, 44 % of length of first toe; outer metatarsal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF538F5A79DEEA197D21AC97" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2002]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,247]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Skin on dorsum and dorsal side of head shagreened with tiny tubercles, weakly wrinkled on dorsal surfaces of the extremities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D7857EAFD7DAAABCE" box="[334,442,1942,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral (left), ventral (middle) and dorsal (right) views of the holotype of Leptolalax fritinniens (NMBE 1056267) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283924/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D78D0EAFD7DC9ABCE" box="[457,473,1942,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,839,862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized Leptolalax fritinniens. Scale bar represents 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283925/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2</figureCitation>
|
||
); wrinkles on extremities forming indistinct, reticulated, predominantly longitudinal, low ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D7832EAD17D8EABB2" box="[299,414,1978,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1199,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral (left), ventral (middle) and dorsal (right) views of the holotype of Leptolalax fritinniens (NMBE 1056267) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283924/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D78AAEAD17DD3ABB2" box="[435,451,1978,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,839,862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,817]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized Leptolalax fritinniens. Scale bar represents 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283925/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF538F5D78C1EAD17DF7ABB2" box="[472,487,1978,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,978,1001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calling males of (A) Leptolalax fritinniens, (B) L. gracilis, (C) L. hamidi, and (D) L. arayai. Note the bipartite vocal sacs in L. fritinniens and L. hamidi and the single, median vocal sacs in L. gracilis and L. arayai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">3</figureCitation>
|
||
); several enlarged tubercles on lateral surfaces of trunk; ventral side smooth; supratympanic fold thick and conspicuous, angled, running from posterior margin of eye to just behind corner of mouth; pectoral glands small, indistinct, at insertion of forelimbs; supraaxillary glands and ventrolateral glandular ridges absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DF8B5AF548F5A798EEEB978B8A868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283926/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1436,302,957]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF548F5A798EEEB978B8A868" blockId="4.[151,1436,978,1032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A798EEEB97D04AF88" bold="true" box="[151,276,978,1001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Calling males of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A78E2EEB87EC7AF89" box="[507,727,979,1001]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A78E2EEB87EC7AF89" box="[507,727,979,1001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A7A16EEBF7F68AF89" box="[783,888,979,1001]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A7A16EEBF7F68AF89" box="[783,888,979,1001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A7AA8EEBF7804AF89" box="[945,1044,979,1001]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A7AA8EEBF7804AF89" box="[945,1044,979,1001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">L. hamidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A7D63EEBF78C9AF89" box="[1146,1241,980,1001]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A7D63EEBF78C9AF89" box="[1146,1241,980,1001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">L. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Note the bipartite vocal sacs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A7807EE987DB1A868" box="[286,417,1010,1032]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A7807EE987DB1A868" box="[286,417,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A78CAEE987E23A868" box="[467,563,1010,1032]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A78CAEE987E23A868" box="[467,563,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">L. hamidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the single, median vocal sacs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A7AB5EE987803A868" box="[940,1043,1010,1032]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A7AB5EE987803A868" box="[940,1043,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF548F5A7D5CEE9878B2A868" box="[1093,1186,1011,1032]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A7D5CEE9878B2A868" box="[1093,1186,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">L. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF548F5A79DEE95A7959A80C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1072,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A79DEE95A7D6DA829" bold="true" box="[199,381,1073,1097]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 33.1, TFL 17.8, FOT 15.8, TarL 24.9, LEG 55.9, THL 16.5, ELB 23.2, ARM 18.4, HND 10.1, HW 10.7, HL 10.9, IO 2.6, EW 4.0, ED 4.9, TD 2.4, TE 1.1, EN 2.8, NS 2.5, SL 4.4, NN 2.9, EE 5.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF548F5A79DEE9137FC4A9B4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1072,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A79DEE9137DBDA8F1" bold="true" box="[199,429,1144,1169]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Colouration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Basic colouration of dorsum anthracite with several light brown flecks and large black, irregularly shaped spots; area below canthus rostralis and ventral edge of supratympanic fold black; basic colouration lightened to light grey on lateral surfaces of trunk and almost white on venter; dorsal surfaces of extremities light grey with dark grey, black-edged crossbars; dorsal area at tibio-tarsal articulation cream-coloured; several cream-coloured stripes along edges of jaws and similarly coloured crossbars on upper arm and on dorsal surface of fingers and toes; conspicuous, light grey stripe from between nostrils to anteriormost edge of upper jaw; venter with large light grey spots; throat, anterior portion of breast, ventral side of forelimb moderately densely speckled, ventral surface of thigh, tibia, tarsus, and postaxial sides of forelimbs heavily speckled dark brown; posterolateral portion of the throat where vocal sacs are located largely unpigmented; iris dark grey in ventral twothirds, reddish grey in dorsal third, with inner edge around pupil ruby-red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF548F5A79DEE88B7D6EAA7C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1072,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A79DEE88B7E30A999" bold="true" box="[199,544,1504,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Colouration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Colours generally darker; contrast reduced; pattern still distinct; iris colour faded to bluish-grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF548F5A79DEEB437DFBAACC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1072,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A79DEEB437D2BAA21" bold="true" box="[199,315,1576,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF548F5A78ADEB427E0FAA21" box="[436,543,1577,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are generally very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF548F5A7A97EB437FE0AA20" box="[910,1008,1576,1600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in size and proportions. SVL of males varies between
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF548F5A785FEB277DBBAA04" box="[326,427,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="31.8">31.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(NMBE 1056367) and 34.0 mm (NMBE 1056368). Females are considerably larger than males with an SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF548F5A788DEB1B7DE8AAE8" box="[404,504,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="45.5">45.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(BMNH 1978.1524) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF548F5A7A03EB1B7F6EAAE8" box="[794,894,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="47.7">47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(BMNH 1978.1525). Males have vocal sacs but lack nuptial pads or asperities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF548F5A798EEBD37944AA94" blockId="4.[151,1436,1072,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">TFL/SVL ratio is 0.53–0.56 (males) and 0.47–0.50 (females), HW/HL 0.96–1.03 (males) and 1.13–1.14 (females), IO/EW 0.65–0.87 (males) and 0.70–0.75 (females), and EN/NN 0.97–1.08 (males) and 1.05–1.06 (females).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF548F5B79DEEA6B7EE9AD94" blockId="4.[151,1436,1072,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,644]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF548F5A79DEEA6B7DA1AB79" bold="true" box="[199,433,1792,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement calls of four males including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF548F5A7AF7EA6B7840AB78" box="[1006,1104,1792,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were recorded and analysed (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D09D86AF548F5A7987EA4F7CE3AB5C" box="[158,243,1828,1852]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1419,234,370]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Parameters of the advertisement call of four males of Leptolalax fritinniens, recorded near Camp 5, Gunung Mulu National Park. Parameter values are given as means ± SD, followed by ranges and n in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2DF8B5AF578F59798EEDFC78EEACAF" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="DF2DF8B5AF578F59798EEDFC78EEACAF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Values are given as mean ± SD followed by range. Air temperatures during recordings ranged between 24.3 and 24.9 °C. The advertisement consisted of long series of notes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF548F5A7AA0EA23780CAB00" box="[953,1052,1864,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,231,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[287,1299,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of Leptolalax fritinniens recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 C. (A) 25 s spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram of relative amplitude over time (bottom) for 3.5 calls. (B) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of a part of a call containing 28 notes, expanded from A. (C) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of the first four notes, expanded from B; each note consisting of three, four, three, and three pulses, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283928/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Number of notes within a series was 58.7 ± 36.3 (8–289). Note repetition rate was 11.7 ± 0.3 (10.6–12.8) per second. Depending on the number of notes, calls lasted 4.9 ± 2.5 (0.6–17.4) s. Individual notes lasted 34.0 ± 4.2 (14–50) ms and were separated from each other by an interval of 51.3 ± 4.7 (36–61) ms. Each note was composed of 3.3 ± 0.5 (3–4, n = 30) rather indistinct pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF548F5A7879EAB37DD3AB90" box="[352,451,2008,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,231,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[287,1299,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of Leptolalax fritinniens recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 C. (A) 25 s spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram of relative amplitude over time (bottom) for 3.5 calls. (B) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of a part of a call containing 28 notes, expanded from A. (C) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of the first four notes, expanded from B; each note consisting of three, four, three, and three pulses, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283928/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Pulse length varied considerably between 3 and 17 ms (8.8 ± 3.7, n = 37). When pulses were discrete, the interval between individual pulses was about 2 ms. Marked frequency modulation was always observed within a note. The dominant frequency at the beginning was 8266 ± 250 (7750–9200) Hz and decreased towards the end of the note to 7622 ± 154 (7250–8100) Hz. The frequency difference between the beginning and the end of the note was 650 ± 150 (200–1200) Hz. Usually, the first note or the first two notes of a series were higher in frequency (9142 ± 90 Hz, n = 129 calls from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5463B4AF558F5B7A96EC4C7FF8AD5F" box="[911,1000,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
) than the subsequent ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF558F5B7C38EC4C7992AD5F" box="[1313,1410,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,231,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[287,1299,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of Leptolalax fritinniens recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 C. (A) 25 s spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram of relative amplitude over time (bottom) for 3.5 calls. (B) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of a part of a call containing 28 notes, expanded from A. (C) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of the first four notes, expanded from B; each note consisting of three, four, three, and three pulses, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283928/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Irregular intensity modulation was observed within a single call and a note (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF558F5B7D0CEC277867AD04" box="[1045,1143,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,231,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[287,1299,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of Leptolalax fritinniens recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 C. (A) 25 s spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram of relative amplitude over time (bottom) for 3.5 calls. (B) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of a part of a call containing 28 notes, expanded from A. (C) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of the first four notes, expanded from B; each note consisting of three, four, three, and three pulses, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283928/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only in the recording of one male, weak harmonics were present between 9500–9800 Hz. In phases of few calls of this male, only these harmonics were audible and the corresponding notes were only about half the length of regular notes. During the recording, this male sometimes continued the vocal sac motions between two calls but no sound was audible or traceable between 20 and 44,000 Hz in the recordings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF558F5B79DEEC94791BAEE4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF558F5B79DEEC947E45AE78" bold="true" box="[199,597,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Ecological notes and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF558F5B7B94EF6B7EADAE78" box="[653,701,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens were found in alluvial forest perching on leaves in low vegetation in the vicinity of small, slow-flowing streams. All males were encountered while calling. Most specimens were found at night, but a few were heard calling between 0 930 h and 1130 h. Tadpoles of the species remain unknown. The species occurs sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF558F5B7A0DEF077FC6AEE4" box="[788,982,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF558F5B7A0DEF077FC6AEE4" box="[788,982,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Leptolalax pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF558F5B7D15EF077914AEE4" box="[1036,1284,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF558F5B7D15EF077894AEE4" box="[1036,1156,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Leptolalax</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF558F5B7DB6EF077914AEE4" box="[1199,1284,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DF8B5AF558F5B798EEA1E7F04ABCA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283927/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[151,1436,734,1888]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF558F5B798EEA1E7F04ABCA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1909,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF558F5B798EEA1E7D07ABEB" bold="true" box="[151,279,1909,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Volar view of right hand (left) and plantar view of right foot (right) of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of anesthetized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF558F5B7803EAFF7DE5ABCA" box="[282,501,1940,1962]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF558F5B7803EAFF7DE5ABCA" box="[282,501,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar represents 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DF8B5AF568F58798EEB7B7E6BAAC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283928/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[324,1272,231,1490]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF568F58798EEB7B7E6BAAC1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1552,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF568F58798EEB7B7D03AA46" bold="true" box="[151,275,1552,1575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement call of a male paratype (KUHE 53676) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF568F587A73EB7B7855AA46" box="[874,1093,1552,1574]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF568F587A73EB7B7855AA46" box="[874,1093,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at an air temperature of 24.5 C. (A) 25 s spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram of relative amplitude over time (bottom) for 3.5 calls. (B) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of a part of a call containing 28 notes, expanded from A. (C) Spectrogram (top) and corresponding oscillogram (bottom) of the first four notes, expanded from B; each note consisting of three, four, three, and three pulses, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF568F5879DEEB9A7F79AB81" blockId="6.[151,1436,1777,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Although the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF568F58787AEB997D83AB6A" box="[355,403,1778,1802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series contains only specimen from Camp
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF568F587A66EB9A7FBBAB69" box="[895,939,1777,1801]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
Gunung Mulu National Park, we are aware that the species is also distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F345E8ADAF568F587B26EA7D7E9BAB4E" box="[575,651,1814,1838]" name="Brunei" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Sabah (unpublished molecular and bioacoustic data of MM and JMD). However, most voucher specimens in herpetological collections are mislabelled as either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF568F587DEDEA50794AAB32" box="[1268,1370,1850,1874]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF568F587DEDEA50794AAB32" box="[1268,1370,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">L. dringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF568F587C9CEA507CFCAB16" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF568F587C9CEA507CFCAB16" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, preliminary genetic and bioacoustic analyses of specimens and their calls from several locations in Sabah (Matsui, unpubl. data; Dehling, unpubl. data) indicate that at least one further, yet unrecognized species is present. Before the relationships between the populations from Sabah have been resolved, we therefore refrain from describing the geographic range of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DF8B5AF578F59798EEDFC78EEACAF" ID-Table-UUID="DF2DF8B5AF578F59798EEDFC78EEACAF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2DF8B5AF578F59798EEDFC78EEACAF" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[159,1419,234,370]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F59798EEDFC78EEACAF" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F59798EEDFC7D19ACCF" bold="true" box="[151,265,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Parameters of the advertisement call of four males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A4DEDF3782BACCF" box="[852,1083,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A4DEDF3782BACCF" box="[852,1083,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recorded near Camp 5, Gunung Mulu National Park. Parameter values are given as means ± SD, followed by ranges and n in parentheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F597986ED807905AD11" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<table id="F9525A9DAF5770A17986ED81799BAD12" box="[159,1419,234,370]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<tr id="3562AA7FAF5770A17986ED81799BAD7F" box="[159,1419,234,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17986ED817D7BAD7F" box="[159,363,234,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Vo u c h e r N o. status</th>
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A178EDED817F7DAD7F" box="[500,877,234,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">NMBE 1056267 KUHE 53676 holotype paratype</th>
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17AD4ED817849AD7F" box="[973,1113,234,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">KUHE 10534 paratype</th>
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17DA3ED81799BAD7F" box="[1210,1419,234,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">uncollected male</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3562AA7FAF5770A17986EC59799BAD28" box="[159,1419,306,328]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17986EC597D7BAD28" box="[159,363,306,328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">air temperature [°C]</th>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A178EDEC597F7DAD28" box="[500,877,306,328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">24.3 24.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17AD4EC597849AD28" box="[973,1113,306,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">24.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17DA3EC59799BAD28" box="[1210,1419,306,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">24.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3562AA7FAF5770A17986EC30799BAD12" box="[159,1419,347,370]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17986EC307D7BAD12" box="[159,363,347,370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">call duration [s]</th>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A178EDEC307F7DAD12" box="[500,877,347,370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">4.1 ± 2.7 4.7 ± 2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17AD4EC307849AD12" box="[973,1113,347,370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">2.5 ± 0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17DA3EC30799BAD12" box="[1210,1419,347,370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">8.4 ± 7.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F5978EDECEE7962ADFB" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[500,1394,389,411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(0.6–15.4, n = 111) (1.1–7.2, n = 11) (1.8–3.5, n = 5) (0.9–17.4, n = 18)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F597986ECC57905ADA4" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[159,1301,430,452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">call interval [s] 2.7 ± 2.1 1.3 ± 0.5 8.7 ± 4.4 1.6 ± 0.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F5978EDECB37975AD8E" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[500,1381,472,494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(1.3–19.7, n = 111) (0.4–1.9, n = 10) (5.0–14.5, n = 4) (1.2–2.5, n = 16)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F597986EF6A793DAE77" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[159,1325,513,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">number of notes/call 49.0 ± 32.0 55.8 ± 24.1 28.2 ± 7.3 98.9 ± 89.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F5978EDEF417975AE21" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[500,1381,554,577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(8–186, n = 111) (14–87, n = 11) (21–38, n = 5) (12–289, n = 18)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F597986EF3E7930AE09" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[159,1312,595,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">note repetition rate [/s] 11.8 ± 0.2 11.9 ± 0.5 11.3 ± 0.4 11.8 ± 0.2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F5978EDEF16796DAEF3" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[500,1405,637,659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(11.2–12.1, n = 111) (10.62–12.79, n = 11) (10.87–11.76, n = 5) (11.3–12.1, n = 18)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F597986EFCC7931AEDC" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[159,1313,678,700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">note duration [ms] 34.7 ± 4.5 35.0 ± 3.2 38.0 ± 5.8 28.1 ± 3.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F5978EDEFBB7948AE86" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" box="[500,1368,720,742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(28–44, n = 90) (29–44, n = 30) (24–50, n = 31) (14–35, n = 90)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F597986EF9178A4AA47" blockId="7.[159,1405,389,783]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,1119,2008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
note interval [ms] 47.9 ± 4.8 47.0 ± 3.8 54.6 ± 5.2 54.6 ± 3.8 (550–750, n = 90) (200–1200, n = 30) (400–950, n = 31) (500–1100, n = 90)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F5979DEE9347D7DA818" bold="true" box="[199,365,1119,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
By the absence of both a ventrolateral glandular ridge and a supraaxillary macrogland,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F59798EE9EF7D9DA8FC" box="[151,397,1156,1180]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F59798EE9EF7D9DA8FC" box="[151,397,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from species of the genus occurring north of the Isthmus of Kra (in most parts corresponding to the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597B0AE9C37E41A8A0" box="[531,593,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Lalos</emphasis>
|
||
Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler & Zhao, 2010), all of which have a ventrolateral glandular ridge and/or a supraaxillary gland, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A97E9A77E1AA967" authority="Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak & Sivongxay, 2010" authorityName="Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak & Sivongxay" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A97E9A7784FA884" box="[910,1119,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Leptolalax aereus</emphasis>
|
||
Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak & Sivongxay, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597B00E99A7EF1A968" authority="Fei, Ye" authorityName="Fei, Ye" box="[537,737,1263,1288]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597B00E99A7E99A968" box="[537,649,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
Fei, Ye
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Li, 1990,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A6DE99A78FDA967" authority="Rowley & Cao, 2009" authorityName="Rowley & Cao" authorityYear="2009" box="[884,1261,1263,1288]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="applebyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A6DE99A7FE2A968" box="[884,1010,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. applebyi</emphasis>
|
||
Rowley & Cao, 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597DE1E99A7E04A94C" authority="Rowley, Le, Tran & Hoang, 2011" authorityName="Rowley, Le, Tran & Hoang" authorityYear="2011" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidoupensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597DE1E99A798CA968" box="[1272,1436,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. bidoupensis</emphasis>
|
||
Rowley, Le, Tran & Hoang, 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597B39E87E7F2CA94C" authority="Dubois, 1983" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1983" box="[544,828,1300,1324]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourreti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597B39E87E7E8AA94C" box="[544,666,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. bourreti</emphasis>
|
||
Dubois, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A51E87E7969A94C" authority="Rowley, Hoang, Le, Dau & Cao, 2010" authorityName="Rowley, Hoang, Le, Dau & Cao" authorityYear="2010" box="[840,1401,1300,1325]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="croceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A51E87E7FACA94C" box="[840,956,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. croceus</emphasis>
|
||
Rowley, Hoang, Le, Dau & Cao, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597C9CE87E7FE5A92F" authority="Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011" authorityName="Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois" authorityYear="2011" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597C9CE87E7CACA930" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. eos</emphasis>
|
||
Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597D1BE8527D1EA914" authority="Rowley, Hoang, Dau, Le & Cao, 2012" authorityName="Rowley, Hoang, Dau, Le & Cao" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="firthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597D1BE8527849A930" box="[1026,1113,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. firthi</emphasis>
|
||
Rowley, Hoang, Dau, Le & Cao, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597800E8367E41A914" authority="Matsui, 2006" authorityName="Matsui" authorityYear="2006" box="[281,593,1372,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597800E8367DA2A914" box="[281,434,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597B45E8367880A914" authority="Das, Tron, Rangad & Hooroo, 2010" authorityName="Das, Tron, Rangad & Hooroo" authorityYear="2010" box="[604,1168,1372,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khasiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597B45E8367EE0A914" box="[604,752,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. khasiorum</emphasis>
|
||
Das, Tron, Rangad & Hooroo, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597D85E8367CCBA9F7" authority="Anderson, 1871" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1871" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597D85E8367907A914" box="[1180,1303,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. lateralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Anderson, 1871)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F5979FEE8EA7D47A9F7" authority="Fei" authorityName="Fei" box="[231,343,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F5979FEE8EA7D3AA9F8" box="[231,298,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. liui</emphasis>
|
||
Fei
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Ye, 1990,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F5978F6E8EA7F57A9F7" authority="Matsui, 2006" authorityName="Matsui" authorityYear="2006" box="[495,839,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F5978F6E8EA7EB8A9F8" box="[495,680,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A4AE8EA7969A9F7" authority="Rowley, Stuart, Thy & Emmett, 2010" authorityName="Rowley, Stuart, Thy & Emmett" authorityYear="2010" box="[851,1401,1407,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A4AE8EA7FD7A9F8" box="[851,967,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. melicus</emphasis>
|
||
Rowley, Stuart, Thy & Emmett, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597C9CE8EA7E27A9DC" authority="Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov" authorityName="Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nahangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597C9CE8EA7D33A9DC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. nahangensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Ho, 1998,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597BD6E8CE7D21A9BF" authority="Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011" authorityName="Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois" authorityYear="2011" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyx">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597BD6E8CE7F03A9DC" box="[719,787,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. nyx</emphasis>
|
||
Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597824E8A27E71A9BF" authority="Liu, 1950" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[317,609,1479,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597824E8A27DC6A980" box="[317,470,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Liu, 1950)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597B77E8A27FE2A9BF" authority="Boulenger, 1893" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[622,1010,1479,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597B77E8A27F0AA980" box="[622,794,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. pelodytoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597AE7E8A27D54AA64" authority="Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean, 2000" authorityName="Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean" authorityYear="2000" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597AE7E8A2786EA980" box="[1022,1150,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. pluvialis</emphasis>
|
||
Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean, 2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597856E8867EACAA64" authority="Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov" authorityName="Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov" box="[335,700,1516,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597856E8867DB8AA64" box="[335,424,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. sungi</emphasis>
|
||
Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Ho, 1998,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A4CE8867CC2AA47" authority="Sengupta, Sailo, Lalremsanga, Das & Das, 2010" authorityName="Sengupta, Sailo, Lalremsanga, Das & Das" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamdil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A4CE8867FA9AA64" box="[853,953,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. tamdil</emphasis>
|
||
Sengupta, Sailo, Lalremsanga, Das & Das, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F5979C4EB7A7EDDAA47" authority="Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999" authorityName="Inger, Orlov & Darevsky" authorityYear="1999" box="[221,717,1551,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F5979C4EB7A7D76AA48" box="[221,358,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. tuberosus</emphasis>
|
||
Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A1EEB7A7839AA48" authority="Fei, Ye" authorityName="Fei, Ye" box="[775,1065,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A1EEB7A7FC3AA48" box="[775,979,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
Fei, Ye
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Li, 1990.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F5978EDEE497931AF91" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<table id="F9525A9DAF5770A17986EE49799BAF92" box="[159,1419,802,1010]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<tr id="3562AA7FAF5770A17986EE49799BAF59" box="[159,1419,802,825]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A178EDEE497ED5AF59" box="[500,709,802,825]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(36–59, n = 90)</th>
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17BF8EE497FA1AF59" box="[737,945,802,825]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(33–53, n = 29)</th>
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17AD4EE49788EAF59" box="[973,1182,802,825]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(40–64, n = 30)</th>
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17DA3EE49799BAF59" box="[1210,1419,802,825]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">(46–61, n = 90)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3562AA7FAF5770A17986EE20799BAFE1" box="[159,1419,843,897]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17986EE207DD9AFE1" box="[159,457,843,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">dominant frequency at beginning of note [Hz]</th>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A178EDEE207ED5AFE1" box="[500,709,843,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">8391 ± 81 (8150–8500, n = 90)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17BF8EE207FA1AFE1" box="[737,945,843,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">7996 ± 249 (7750–9200, n = 30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17AD4EE20788EAFE1" box="[973,1182,843,897]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">8128 ± 127 (7950–8500, n = 31)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17DA3EE20799BAFE1" box="[1210,1419,843,897]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">8549 ± 232 (8200–9000, n = 90)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3562AA7FAF5770A17986EEF8799BAFA9" box="[159,1419,915,969]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17986EEF87DD9AFA9" box="[159,457,915,969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">dominant frequency at end of note [Hz]</th>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A178EDEEF87ED5AFA9" box="[500,709,915,969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">7718 ± 92 (7600–8000, n = 90)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17BF8EEF87FA1AFA9" box="[737,945,915,969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">7536 ± 127 (7300–8000, n = 30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17AD4EEF8788EAFA9" box="[973,1182,915,969]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">7453 ± 164 (7250–7750, n = 31)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17DA3EEF8799BAFA9" box="[1210,1419,915,969]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">7782 ± 88 (7750–8100, n = 90)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3562AA7FAF5770A17986EEB0799BAF92" box="[159,1419,987,1010]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="76B3C303AF5770A17986EEB07DD9AF92" box="[159,457,987,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">frequency decrease [Hz]</th>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A178EDEEB07ED5AF92" box="[500,709,987,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">673 ± 109</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17BF8EEB07FA1AF92" box="[737,945,987,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">461 ± 177</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17AD4EEB0788EAF92" box="[973,1182,987,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">675 ± 122</td>
|
||
<td id="76B3C303AF5770A17DA3EEB0799BAF92" box="[1210,1419,987,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">766 ± 183</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF578F5679DEEB5E7D77A8C0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1119,2008]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1868]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
|
||
From the species occurring on the Malay Peninsular and Borneo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597AD2EB5E784FAA2C" box="[971,1119,1588,1612]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597AD2EB5E784FAA2C" box="[971,1119,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(characters in parentheses) differs in the following morphological characters:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597BC0EB337851AA10" authority="Matsui, 1997" authorityName="Matsui" authorityYear="1997" box="[729,1089,1624,1648]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597BC0EB337FB3AA10" box="[729,931,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Leptolalax arayai</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a tuberculate dorsum (vs. smooth) without conspicuous markings (vs. present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597A1EEB167F8AAAF4" box="[775,922,1660,1684]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597A1EEB167F8AAAF4" box="[775,922,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), has an unspotted, yellow venter (vs. venter white with black spots), orange groin and ventral sides of legs (vs. white to cream-coloured ventral side of legs and groin), and a single, medially arranged vocal sac in males (vs. bipartite;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF578F597ADDEBAF7834AABC" box="[964,1060,1732,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,978,1001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calling males of (A) Leptolalax fritinniens, (B) L. gracilis, (C) L. hamidi, and (D) L. arayai. Note the bipartite vocal sacs in L. fritinniens and L. hamidi and the single, median vocal sacs in L. gracilis and L. arayai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283926/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F597D23EBAF798CAABC" authority="Dubois, 1987" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1987" box="[1082,1436,1732,1756]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F597D23EBAF78EEAABC" box="[1082,1278,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Leptolalax dringi</emphasis>
|
||
Dubois, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by a smaller size with SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597B3BEB837ED6AB60" box="[546,710,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.895" metricValueMax="3.13" metricValueMin="2.66" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="28.95" valueMax="31.3" valueMin="26.6">26.6–31.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597A7DEB837817AB60" box="[868,1031,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.735" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.66" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="37.35" valueMax="38.1" valueMin="36.6">36.6–38.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females (vs. SVL 31.8–34.0 mm in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597825EA677DF5AB44" box="[316,485,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="46.6" valueMax="47.7" valueMin="45.5">45.5–47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females); iris bright red in upper third (vs. reddish grey); a relatively wider interorbital space with IO/EW
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597B15EA5B7E8FAB28" box="[524,671,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3368" metricValueMax="2.6416" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="0.92" valueMax="1.04" valueMin="0.8">0.80–1.04 in</quantity>
|
||
males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597A2AEA5B7FD7AB28" box="[819,967,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9431" metricValueMax="2.0066" metricValueMin="1.8796" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="0.765" valueMax="0.79" valueMin="0.74">0.74–0.79 in</quantity>
|
||
females (vs. 0.65–0.87 and 0.70–0.75, respectively); angle of supratympanic fold being wider (vs. angle narrow); heads of males being wider than long with HW/HL 1.11–1.22 (vs. as long as wide HW/HL 0.96–1.03); and a relatively greater eye-to-nostril distance with EN/NN
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F59782AEAF77DD4ABD4" box="[307,452,1948,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1717" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="2.0574" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="0.855" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.81">0.81–0.90 in</quantity>
|
||
females and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597B7DEAF77EE4ABD4" box="[612,756,1948,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0955" metricValueMax="2.2606" metricValueMin="1.9304" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="0.825" valueMax="0.89" valueMin="0.76">0.76–0.89 in</quantity>
|
||
males (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597A66EAF77800ABD4" box="[895,1040,1948,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6797" metricValueMax="2.6924" metricValueMin="2.667" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="1.055" valueMax="1.06" valueMin="1.05">1.05–1.06 in</quantity>
|
||
females and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF578F597DB6EAF7792FABD4" box="[1199,1343,1948,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6035" metricValueMax="2.7432" metricValueMin="2.4638" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="1.025" valueMax="1.08" valueMin="0.97">0.97–1.08 in</quantity>
|
||
males).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF578F59798EEAAB7E38ABB8" authority="Gunther, 1872" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,552,1984,2008]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF578F59798EEAAB7D7CABB8" box="[151,364,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Leptolalax gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Günther, 1872)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a curved supratympanic fold (vs. angular); a single medially arranged subgular vocal sac in males (vs. bipartite;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369B4B8AF588F567BFCEDFC7F56ACCF" box="[741,838,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,978,1001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,302,957]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calling males of (A) Leptolalax fritinniens, (B) L. gracilis, (C) L. hamidi, and (D) L. arayai. Note the bipartite vocal sacs in L. fritinniens and L. hamidi and the single, median vocal sacs in L. gracilis and L. arayai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); relatively greater interorbital distance with IO/EW
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F56798EEDD77D37ACB4" box="[151,295,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2479" metricValueMax="2.5146" metricValueMin="1.9812" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="0.885" valueMax="0.99" valueMin="0.78">0.78–0.99 in</quantity>
|
||
females and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F5678DCEDD77E46ACB4" box="[453,598,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" metricValueMax="2.2606" metricValueMin="1.8034" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="0.8" valueMax="0.89" valueMin="0.71">0.71–0.89 in</quantity>
|
||
males (vs. 0.70–0.75 and 0.65–0.87, respectively); iris bright red in the upper two-fifths and dull greyish red, with a narrow ring of bright red along the pupil in the lower three-fifths (vs. iris dark-grey in ventral two-thirds, reddish grey in dorsal third, with inner edge around pupil ruby-red); male SVL 34.3–39.0 (vs. 31.8–34.0).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F5678D6EC437F50AD5F" authority="Matsui, 1997" authorityName="Matsui" authorityYear="1997" box="[463,832,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5678D6EC437E8FAD20" box="[463,671,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax hamidi</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having the venter unspotted (vs. spotted); large dark brown dorsal markings with light outlines (vs. dorsal markings small without light outlines); and a smaller size with SVL 28.0–31.0 mm in males, 36.0–43.0 mm in females (vs. 31.8–34.0 mm in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567C44EC047CECADCC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="46.6" valueMax="47.7" valueMin="45.5">45.5– 47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567888ECFF7F44ADCC" authority="Boulenger, 1900" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[401,852,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteropus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567888ECFF7E6FADCC" box="[401,639,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax heteropus</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger, 1900)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much smaller with SVL of males 24.6–26.0 mm and of female
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567824ECDC7DB3ADAF" box="[317,419,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.17" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="31.7">31.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs. 31.8–34.0 mm in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567A3FECDC7FDBADAF" box="[806,971,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="46.6" valueMax="47.7" valueMin="45.5">45.5–47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) and has more developed toe webbing and distinct lateral fringes on the toes (vs. toe webbing basal, lateral fringes indistinct).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567C3DECB77ED0AE77" authority="Grismer, Grismer & Youmans, 2004" authorityName="Grismer, Grismer & Youmans" authorityYear="2004" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kajangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567C3DECB77D0BAE78" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax kajangensis</emphasis>
|
||
Grismer, Grismer & Youmans, 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has shorter legs with TFL/SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567D2AEC947892AE77" box="[1075,1154,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="0.42">0.42 in</quantity>
|
||
males (vs. 0.53–0.56); a curved supratympanic fold (vs. angular); a black spot on the tympanum (vs. absent); an unpatterned venter (vs. venter spotted); and a dark brown dorsum with black pattern (vs. grey dorsum).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567D3DEF237D80AEE4" authority="Matsui, Belabut, Ahmad & Yong, 2009" authorityName="Matsui, Belabut, Ahmad & Yong" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kecil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567D3DEF2378C9AE00" box="[1060,1241,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax kecil</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui, Belabut, Ahmad & Yong, 2009
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much smaller with SVL of males
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567A37EF077FC2AEE4" box="[814,978,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="1.93" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="19.9" valueMax="20.5" valueMin="19.3">19.3–20.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
and female 25.0 mm (vs. 31.8–34.0 mm in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567834EFE47DC1AEC7" box="[301,465,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="46.6" valueMax="47.7" valueMin="45.5">45.5–47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females), has a light brown dorsum with dark brown pattern (vs. grey dorsum with black spots); a black spot on the tympanum (vs. absent); a red iris (vs. iris dark grey in ventral two-thirds, reddish grey in dorsal third); and has large, conspicuous, orange pectoral glands (vs. pectoral glands hardly discernible).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F56798EEF977F08AF74" authority="Inger, Lakim, Biun & Yambun, 1997" authorityName="Inger, Lakim, Biun & Yambun" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,792,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F56798EEF977D7BAF74" box="[151,363,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax maurus</emphasis>
|
||
Inger, Lakim, Biun & Yambun, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much smaller with SVL of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF588F567DEAEF977945AF74" box="[1267,1365,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
being
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F56798EEE747CEBAF58" box="[151,251,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="31.8">31.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F56782AEE747DC6AF58" box="[307,470,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.56" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="4.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="45.6" valueMax="47.7" valueMin="43.5">43.5–47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) and SVL of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9169FAF588F567A4AEE4A7FA3AF59" box="[851,947,801,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567AA2EE74780FAF58" box="[955,1055,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="26.1">26.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs. 31.8–34.0 mm in males), has a dark brown to black dorsal and ventral colouration (vs. grey dorsally and white with black spots ventrally); and a dark red iris (vs. dark grey in ventral two-thirds, reddish grey in dorsal third).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567AE0EE037960AF1F" authority="Malkmus, 1992" authorityName="Malkmus" authorityYear="1992" box="[1017,1392,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567AE0EE0378AAAFE0" box="[1017,1210,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax pictus</emphasis>
|
||
Malkmus, 1992
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an immaculate venter (vs. spotted) and has a light brown dorsum with dark brown markings with conspicuous thin light outlines (vs. dorsum grey with black pattern without distinct light outlines).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567D62EEDB7D2AAF8C" authority="Dehling, 2012" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platycephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567D62EEDB798CAFA8" box="[1147,1436,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax platycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Dehling, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an immaculate venter (vs. spotted); a skin flap above the vent; a wider head with HW/SVL 0.37–0.38 (vs. 0.31–0.32); a greater interorbital distance with IO/EW 1.14–1.27 (vs. 0.65–0.87), rudimentary toe webbing (vs. basal), large pectoral glands (vs. hardly discernible), and different dorsal and ventral colouration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F56798EE92B7DF8A837" authority="Matsui, 2006" authorityName="Matsui" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,488,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F56798EE92B7D5FA838" box="[151,335,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax solus</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller with the only specimen, a male, having an SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA05D8AF588F567D8AE95478E6A838" box="[1171,1270,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="27.6">27.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs. 31.8–34.0 mm in males); has a larger pectoral gland; and a chocolate-brown, largely unpatterned dorsum (vs. dorsum grey with dark pattern).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDA83DAF588F5679DEE9C67849AB2C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
In addition to the morphological differences,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567BE9E9C77FFAA8A4" box="[752,1002,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567BE9E9C77FFAA8A4" box="[752,1002,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Leptolalax fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by its unique advertisement call from 20 of the 35 species of the genus, of which call characteristics are known (Malkmus & Riede 1993; Matsui 1997; Jiang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567B1AE99E7E24A96C" box="[515,564,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002; Malkmus
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567BE0E99E7F3AA96C" box="[761,810,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002; Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567AB1E99E7FF0A96C" box="[936,992,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005; Matsui 2006; Matsui
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567C04E99E7945A96C" box="[1309,1365,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009; Rowley & Cao 2009; Sukumaran
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567B00E8727E5BA950" box="[537,587,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010; Rowley
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567A1BE8727F24A950" box="[770,820,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011, 2012; Matsui & Dehling 2012). The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567B0BE8567EB4A934" box="[530,676,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567B0BE8567EB4A934" box="[530,676,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as described by Matsui (1997), was compared to calls of recently described species (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567893E80A7DFCA918" box="[394,492,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567893E80A7DFCA918" box="[394,492,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. dringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Matsui 1997, 2006; Matsui
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567A2DE80A7F75A918" box="[820,869,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009; Rowley & Cao 2009; Rowley
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567C08E80A7952A918" box="[1297,1346,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011, 2012), and therefore, we compare the advertisement call only to those of the other Bornean species in the following: The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567B5CE8C27EC8A9A0" box="[581,728,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567B5CE8C27EC8A9A0" box="[581,728,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dominant frequency of 7250–9200 Hz at 24.3–24.9°C. Although dominant frequency is known to vary over temperature (e.g. Rowley et al. 2010c) the frequency of the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F5679F1E89A7D6BAA68" box="[232,379,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5679F1E89A7D6BAA68" box="[232,379,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to be higher than the dominant frequency of the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567D6AE89A78CBAA68" box="[1139,1243,1521,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567D6AE89A78CBAA68" box="[1139,1243,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5400–5900 Hz, 17.4 °C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567811EB7E7D7DAA4C" box="[264,365,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567811EB7E7D7DAA4C" box="[264,365,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. dringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6050–6400 Hz, temperature unknown),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567A5EEB7E7FADAA4C" box="[839,957,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567A5EEB7E7FADAA4C" box="[839,957,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2600–2800 Hz, 20.0–26.2°C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567C37EB7E798CAA4C" box="[1326,1436,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567C37EB7E798CAA4C" box="[1326,1436,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. hamidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6700–7300 Hz, 22.9–24.1 °C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567B1BEB527E64AA30" box="[514,628,1593,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567B1BEB527E64AA30" box="[514,628,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. maurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5150 Hz, temperature unknown), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567D29EB527881AA30" box="[1072,1169,1593,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567D29EB527881AA30" box="[1072,1169,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6800–7150 Hz, 19–22 °C). Call length and number of notes within a call is very variable (0.6–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66CEFAAF588F567AA2EB377FFBAA14" box="[955,1003,1628,1652]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" precision="5555" value="-17.4">17.4</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s, 8–289 notes), but on average (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66CEFAAF588F567C47EB377986AA14" box="[1374,1430,1628,1652]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" precision="5555" value="-4.9">4.9 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 59 notes), the calls recorded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F5678EDEBEA7E94AAF8" box="[500,644,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5678EDEBEA7E94AAF8" box="[500,644,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are longer and contain more notes than reported in the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567C23EBEA798CAAF8" box="[1338,1436,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567C23EBEA798CAAF8" box="[1338,1436,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. dringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.1–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66CEFAAF588F5679C8EBCF7D1AAADC" box="[209,266,1700,1724]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" precision="5555" value="-1.0">1.0 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2–11 notes),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F5678ABEBCE7E37AADC" box="[434,551,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5678ABEBCE7E37AADC" box="[434,551,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. maurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66CEFAAF588F567B20EBCF7E63AADC" box="[569,627,1700,1724]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" precision="5555" value="-4.1">4.1 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15 notes), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567A2AEBCE7F86AADC" box="[819,918,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567A2AEBCE7F86AADC" box="[819,918,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.9–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66CEFAAF588F567AC0EBCF7FEEAADC" box="[985,1022,1700,1724]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" precision="5555" value="-4.9">4.9</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s, 12–31 notes). Marked frequency modulation like in the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F5678E4EBA27E81AA80" box="[509,657,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5678E4EBA27E81AA80" box="[509,657,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent in the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567AABEBA27806AA80" box="[946,1046,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567AABEBA27806AA80" box="[946,1046,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. dringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567D31EBA2788DAA80" box="[1064,1181,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567D31EBA2788DAA80" box="[1064,1181,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567DF9EBA27945AA80" box="[1248,1365,1737,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567DF9EBA27945AA80" box="[1248,1365,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. maurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Note repetition rate is temperature-dependent but at 10.6–12.8 per second recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567D2EEB8678D9AB64" box="[1079,1225,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritinniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567D2EEB8678D9AB64" box="[1079,1225,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. fritinniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 24.3–24.9 °C it appears to be higher than in the advertisement calls of all other Bornean species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567D39EA7A7896AB48" box="[1056,1158,1809,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arayai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567D39EA7A7896AB48" box="[1056,1158,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. arayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9.0–9.3/s;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567C1AEA7A7975AB48" box="[1283,1381,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567C1AEA7A7975AB48" box="[1283,1381,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. dringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
8.2– 10.3;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F5679CFEA5E7D59AB2C" box="[214,329,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5679CFEA5E7D59AB2C" box="[214,329,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6.9–10.4;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F5678D8EA5E7E3DAB2C" box="[449,557,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5678D8EA5E7DC0AB2C" box="[449,464,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F5678C6EA5F7E3DAB2C" box="[479,557,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">hamidi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9.0–9.3;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567B8FEA5E7F18AB2C" box="[662,776,1845,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567B8FEA5E7F18AB2C" box="[662,776,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. maurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3.5) except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52D3BEAF588F567A8AEA5E7FE3AB2C" box="[915,1011,1845,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926742FAF588F567A8AEA5E7FE3AB2C" box="[915,1011,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">L. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11–13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |