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<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0083" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7761487" checkinTime="1679514280647" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Schwendinger, Peter J., Huber, Siegfried, Lehmann-Graber, Christina, Ono, Hirotsugu, Aung, Mu Mu &amp; Hongpadharakiree, Komsan" docDate="2022" docId="03E18D71725A0377B174F8FC57E9FCBA" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.129.2.375-424.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 129 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35929/rsz.0083" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.3:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Liphistius pinlaung Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="404" masterDocId="FFD8F50972460369B239FFEC5305FF92" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Liphistius birmanicus-group (Araneae: Liphistiidae) with the description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="375" pageNumber="402" updateTime="1679571001943" updateUser="valdenar">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Liphistius birmanicus-group (Araneae: Liphistiidae) with the description of five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schwendinger, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, C. P. 6404, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Huber, Siegfried</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ottenbohlstrasse 12, D- 88690 Mühlhofen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lehmann-Graber, Christina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, C. P. 6404, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ono, Hirotsugu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aung, Mu Mu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Forest Research Institute, Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hongpadharakiree, Komsan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Pranburi, Prachuab Khiri Khan Province, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-10-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>129</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>375</mods:start>
<mods:end>424</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.35929/rsz.0083</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0083</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7761487</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7761593" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E18D71725A0377B174F8FC57E9FCBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E18D71725A0377B174F8FC57E9FCBA" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="402" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="28.[845,1422,1808,1896]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<heading bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="402" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="98VLD" authority="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li, 2019" authorityName="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinlaung">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,1061,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Liphistius pinlaung</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Aung K. P. P. &amp; Xu X. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu H. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Li D." pageId="28" pageNumber="402" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref37364" refString="Aung K. P. P., Xu X., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Yu L., Liu H., Liu F., Li D. 2019. Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Myanmar. ZooKeys 882: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2019">Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1019,1249,1873,1896]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="28.[845,1422,1808,1896]" box="[1019,1249,1873,1896]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<figureCitation box="[1019,1085,1873,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,186,1431,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-270@7.[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Localities of species in the Liphistius birmanicus-group in northern Thailand, eastern Myanmar and southern China. Blue lines indicate major rivers, black lines national borders, grey lines major roads." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761489/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1099,1132,1873,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[151,186,1970,1991]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,651,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-160@9.[151,1436,641,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus of some species of the Liphistius birmanicus-group. (A) Liphistius ferox sp. nov., male paratype (matured 1.IX.2014) from Pathi Village. (B) Same species, female paratype from Thandaung Gyi. (C) Liphistius pinlaung, female from near Tong Htiwaw Temple. (D) Liphistius birmanicus from Yado, male (matured 20.IX.2017). (E) Same species, large female n°1. (F, H) Same species, large female n°2. (G) Same species, small female. (I) Same species, large female n°3. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761495/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1143,1172,1873,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1183,1208,1873,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,186,1817,1838]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,267,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-78@31.[151,1440,255,1768]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius pinlaung (A-J) and Liphistius sp. (specimen from Kalaw; K-L), vulval plates of seven females (all taken from exuviae), dorsal view (A, D, G, I, K) and ventral view (B-C, E-F, H, J, L). (A-B) Moult of 10.II.2019. (C) Moult of 7.XII.2018. (D-E) Moult of 10.IV.2021. (F) Moult of 21.X.2018. (G-H) Moult of 16.V.2020. (I-J) Moult of 8.III.2020. (K-L) Moult of 15.VIII.2017. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761533/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">16</figureCitation>
A-J
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="402" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="28.[831,1437,1918,1996]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<taxonomicName authority="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li, 2019: 34 - 37" authorityName="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li" authorityPageNumber="34 - 37" authorityYear="2019" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinlaung">
<emphasis box="[831,1022,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Liphistius pinlaung</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Aung K. P. P. &amp; Xu X. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu H. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Li D." pageId="28" pageNumber="402" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref37364" refString="Aung K. P. P., Xu X., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Yu L., Liu H., Liu F., Li D. 2019. Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Myanmar. ZooKeys 882: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2019">Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li, 2019: 34-37</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 4-5 (description of males and females).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="28" pageNumber="402" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="28.[831,1436,2021,2077]" lastBlockId="29.[151,756,258,376]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<materialsCitation lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,907,2021,2044]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Types:</emphasis>
CBEE; male holotype (XUX-2018-164), 1 male and 5 female paratypes (XUX-2018-162, 167, 169, 169A, 169B, 169J); Myanmar, Shan State, Pinlaung Township, about 14 km to Pinlaung from Pekon, 20.02°N, 96.79°E, 1410 m; 19.VII. 2018; leg. D. Li, F.X. Liu, X. Xu and L. Yu.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,756,400,614]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,315,400,423]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">New material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="403">MHNG, BRCM (sample MT-14/31); 10 males (matured 20.VI., 21.VI., 28.VI., 20.VIII., 17.IX., 23.IX.2014, 23.XI., 2x end of XII.2014, 4.VII.2015) and 10 females; Myanmar, Shan State, 1.5 km W of Pinlaung, near Wingabar Taung and Tong Htiwaw (= Taung Hti Bwar) Temple, 20°04’29”N, 96°46’13”E, 1470 m; 16.VI.2014; leg. P. Schwendinger &amp; S. Huber.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="403" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,756,638,1107]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,271,638,661]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Medium-sized species with uniformly dark body in both sexes. Copulatory organs quite similar to those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[253,407,702,725]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[253,407,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Palpal organ distinguished by having a fairly circular outline in distal view (
<figureCitation box="[651,751,734,757]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
; in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[183,337,765,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[183,337,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oval and relatively wider,
<figureCitation box="[647,748,765,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1411,1432]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,263,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[151,1436,257,1320]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Liphistius birmanicus, left palps of two males from the type locality; male matured 27.I.2016 (A-B), male matured 15.XI.2014 (C-H). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Distal part of tarsus, prodorsal view; knob-shaped process on distodorsal corner indicated by short arrow. (D) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (E) Same, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by long arrow. (F) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral and slightly proximal view. (G) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (H) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. Scale line 1.0 mm.Abbreviation: cp - proventral contrategular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761527/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) and a relatively longer and narrower pigmented area with a more steeply inclined distal margin at base of membranous embolus part (
<figureCitation box="[459,559,861,884]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
; in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[604,756,861,884]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[604,756,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
much wider, its distal margin horizontal or only slightly inclined,
<figureCitation box="[257,362,925,948]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1411,1432]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,263,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[151,1436,257,1320]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Liphistius birmanicus, left palps of two males from the type locality; male matured 27.I.2016 (A-B), male matured 15.XI.2014 (C-H). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Distal part of tarsus, prodorsal view; knob-shaped process on distodorsal corner indicated by short arrow. (D) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (E) Same, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by long arrow. (F) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral and slightly proximal view. (G) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (H) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. Scale line 1.0 mm.Abbreviation: cp - proventral contrategular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761527/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Vulval plates usually, but not in all cases, with a relatively wider poreplate than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,303,988,1011]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[151,303,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and with an axe-blade-shaped or widely elliptical posterior stalk with a widely arched posterior margin (
<figureCitation box="[244,327,1052,1075]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,186,1817,1838]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,267,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-78@31.[151,1440,255,1768]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius pinlaung (A-J) and Liphistius sp. (specimen from Kalaw; K-L), vulval plates of seven females (all taken from exuviae), dorsal view (A, D, G, I, K) and ventral view (B-C, E-F, H, J, L). (A-B) Moult of 10.II.2019. (C) Moult of 7.XII.2018. (D-E) Moult of 10.IV.2021. (F) Moult of 21.X.2018. (G-H) Moult of 16.V.2020. (I-J) Moult of 8.III.2020. (K-L) Moult of 15.VIII.2017. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761533/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
; posterior stalk angular, mostly with a straight posterior margin in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[448,597,1084,1107]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[448,597,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation box="[610,689,1084,1107]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1819,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-9@27.[151,1436,257,2027]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Liphistius birmanicus, vulval plates (all taken from exuviae) of ten females from the type locality (A-M) and of one female from the Shan State (N-O); dorsal view [A, D (with uterus externus attached), G, J, N], ventral view (B-C, E-F, H-I, K-M, O). (A-B) Moult of 6.II.2021. (C) Moult of 27.XII.2020. (D) Moult of 20.XI.2021. (E) Moult of 19.II.2021 (same specimen as D). (F) Moult of 21.II.2021. (G-H) Moult of 25.XII.2020. (I) Moult of 14.V.2021. (J-K) Moult of 20.III.2021. (L) Moult of 26.X.2017. (M) Moult of 24.VIII.2017. (N-O) Moult of 2.IV.2018. Arrows indicating paired lateral pockets of membranous uterus externus. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761529/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,757,1131,2077]" lastBlockId="29.[831,1437,258,474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,559,1131,1154]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Additions to description of male:</emphasis>
Tarsal scopulae: I - thin, covering 3/4 of ventral side, distinct in distal half, more or less distinct in proximal half; II - thin but slightly denser than on tarsus I, covering distal 5/6 of ventral side; III-IV - denser than on tarsi I-II, covering 5/6 of ventral side. Male palps with tibial apophysis quite distinctly set back from distal margin of tibia (more so than in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[401,556,1353,1376]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[401,556,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males examined; but see
<bibRefCitation author="Xu X. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Aung K. P. P. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Li D." box="[236,403,1385,1408]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="41 - 58" refId="ref38558" refString="Xu X., Yu L., Aung K. P. P., Yu L., Liu F., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Li D. 2021. A new species of Liphistius from Myanmar and description of the actual male of L. birmanicus Thorell, 1897 (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). ZooKeys 1031: 41 - 58." type="journal article" year="2021">
Xu
<emphasis box="[276,332,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8A-B), triangular in ventral view, depth/length ratio ~ 1.9 (see
<bibRefCitation author="Aung K. P. P. &amp; Xu X. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu H. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Li D." box="[548,753,1417,1440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref37364" refString="Aung K. P. P., Xu X., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Yu L., Liu H., Liu F., Li D. 2019. Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Myanmar. ZooKeys 882: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2019">
Aung
<emphasis box="[619,677,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4D-E); paracymbium quite short, its distal surface indistinctly conical, its retrolateral surface flat, with a moderately developed, widely rounded retrolateralproximal heel (
<figureCitation box="[323,427,1544,1567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
); very strong bristles on low cumulus overlapping strong bristles on ventral side of palpal tarsus (
<figureCitation box="[346,450,1608,1631]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
); contrategulum with quite large, distad-directed proventral process (
<figureCitation box="[642,751,1640,1663]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
, C-E; very similar to that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[477,631,1672,1695]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[477,631,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation box="[649,751,1672,1695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1411,1432]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,263,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[151,1436,257,1320]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Liphistius birmanicus, left palps of two males from the type locality; male matured 27.I.2016 (A-B), male matured 15.XI.2014 (C-H). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Distal part of tarsus, prodorsal view; knob-shaped process on distodorsal corner indicated by short arrow. (D) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (E) Same, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by long arrow. (F) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral and slightly proximal view. (G) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (H) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. Scale line 1.0 mm.Abbreviation: cp - proventral contrategular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761527/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
, D-F), with a pronounced proximal ledge on retrodorsal side (
<figureCitation box="[210,310,1735,1758]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
), and with a moderately wide distal edge with a few weak ridges and a narrowly rounded dorsal apex (
<figureCitation box="[221,302,1799,1822]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A-B); tegulum large, with finely dentate and bent proximal edge (
<figureCitation box="[443,584,1831,1854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15D, F</figureCitation>
), distal margin not elevated [in some specimens a fairly long ridge is present just below the distal margin (in addition to a long median ridge) which can be misinterpreted as an elevated edge,
<figureCitation box="[311,405,1958,1981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
]; para-embolic plate short, about as long as retroventral edge of embolus complex and separated from it by a shallow invagination (
<figureCitation box="[642,743,2022,2045]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
); embolus proper narrowly divided, its sclerotised part strengthened by 4-5 longitudinal ribs reaching apex and carrying denticles distally; area at base of membranous embolus part quite long and narrow, distinctly pigmented, with numerous longitudinal wrinkles, its distal margin widely truncate and steeply inclined (this area is much wider in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[1073,1223,418,441]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[1073,1223,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its distal margin is not or only slightly inclined,
<figureCitation box="[1141,1239,451,474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1411,1432]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,263,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[151,1436,257,1320]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Liphistius birmanicus, left palps of two males from the type locality; male matured 27.I.2016 (A-B), male matured 15.XI.2014 (C-H). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Distal part of tarsus, prodorsal view; knob-shaped process on distodorsal corner indicated by short arrow. (D) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (E) Same, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by long arrow. (F) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral and slightly proximal view. (G) Palpal organ, retrolateral view. (H) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view. Scale line 1.0 mm.Abbreviation: cp - proventral contrategular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761527/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[831,1437,498,1162]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1086,498,521]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Taxonomic remarks:</emphasis>
As can be seen from the relatively light body colouration and from the partly collapsed paracymbium, the male holotype was obviously killed and preserved very soon after its final moult. Metatarsus and tarsus of both its legs IV were very pale when still alive, and additionally deformed (due to a weak sclerotisation of the new cuticle) in the preserved specimen (
<bibRefCitation author="Aung K. P. P. &amp; Xu X. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu H. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Li D." box="[1067,1274,722,745]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref37364" refString="Aung K. P. P., Xu X., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Yu L., Liu H., Liu F., Li D. 2019. Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Myanmar. ZooKeys 882: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2019">
Aung
<emphasis box="[1140,1198,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 2D, 4B). These leg articles obviously got stuck in the exuvia during the final moult, and were not able to become fully pigmented and sclerotised before the spider was killed. Therefore the light-coloured left metatarsus and tarsus IV of the holotype are an artefact caused by a moulting accident, and they are not a diagnostic character of the species as incorrectly stated by
<bibRefCitation author="Yu K. &amp; Zhang F. &amp; Zhang J. - X." pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="36 - 40" refId="ref38634" refString="Yu K., Zhang F., Zhang J. - X. 2021. First new species of the genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 from China (Araneae: Liphistiidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica 30 (1): 36 - 40." type="journal article" year="2021">
Yu
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
(2021: 37
</bibRefCitation>
, incorrectly spelled “
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, H.Liu, F.X.Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[1217,1358,979,1002]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinglaung">
<emphasis box="[1217,1358,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. pinglaung</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”). The fact that the proventral process of the contrategulum is distad-directed, which is characteristic for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[1309,1436,1043,1066]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinlaung">
<emphasis box="[1309,1436,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. pinlaung</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[970,1130,1075,1098]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[970,1130,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is not mentioned in the original description or visible in the corresponding illustrations (
<bibRefCitation author="Aung K. P. P. &amp; Xu X. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu H. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Li D." box="[971,1202,1139,1162]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref37364" refString="Aung K. P. P., Xu X., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Yu L., Liu H., Liu F., Li D. 2019. Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Myanmar. ZooKeys 882: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2019">
Aung
<emphasis box="[1039,1086,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al</emphasis>
., 2019: 36
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[831,1437,1187,2077]" lastBlockId="30.[151,756,258,601]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,949,1187,1210]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Variation:</emphasis>
For carapace measurements and prefoveal setae counts see
<tableCitation box="[1014,1095,1219,1242]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="46.[151,204,1454,1475]" captionTargetId="graphics-627@46.[151,1436,1545,2074]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Table 1. Carapace measurements (in mm; including data from the literature) and prefoveal setae counts of Liphistius birmanicus group species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF376CEF72680347B2AEFA425282FA71" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" tableUuid="DF376CEF72680347B2AEFA425282FA71">Table 1</tableCitation>
. In all specimens the AME are distinctly developed. In all males examined the extent of the tarsal scopulae is essentially the same, but in some specimens the proximal borders of the scopulae are less distinctly outlined than in others. Variation in details of the male palp is given in
<figureCitation box="[1119,1200,1379,1402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
. The number of very strong bristles on the cumulus ranges 4-7: in most males examined (apart from one) they overlap strong bristles on the ventral side of the palpal tarsus (
<figureCitation box="[1287,1390,1476,1499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
). In five males examined there is a more or less distinct ridge below the distal margin of the tegulum of both palps (and in one male on only one palp;
<figureCitation box="[1324,1423,1572,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,186,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,946,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-412@30.[151,1436,941,1894]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Liphistius pinlaung, left palps of two males: matured 23.XI.2014 (A-B), matured 4.VII.2015 (C-G). (A) Palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (B) Dorsal part of contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly prolateral view. (C) Palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prolateral view. (D) Palpal organ, ventral view; bent proximal edge of tegulum indicated by arrow. (E) Distal part of palpal organ, retroventral view. (F) Tegulum, retrolateral view. (G) Proximal part of tarsus, ventral view.All to same scale; scale line 1.0 mm. Abbreviation: cp - proventral process of contrategulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761531/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
), which can be misinterpreted as an elevated distal edge. A real elevated distal tegular edge is present in
<taxonomicName box="[831,956,1668,1691]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platnicki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[831,956,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. platnicki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[966,1052,1668,1691]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[1069,1150,1668,1691]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[151,186,1797,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-9@43.[151,1436,257,2027]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 23. Liphistius platnicki sp. nov., palps of three males; holotype (A-D, H-J, M), paratype matured 26.VII.2019 (E-G), paratype matured 8.VIII.2016 (K-L). (A) Left tarsus and palpal organ, ventral view. (B) Left paracymbium and distal margin of tibia, retrolateral view. (C) Distal part of left tibia, ventral view. (D) Same, retrolateral and slightly proximal view. (E) Left palpal organ, distal view (dorsal side up). (F) Dorsal part of left contrategulum and embolus proper, distal and slightly ventral view. (G) Dorsal part of left contrategulum, distal and slightly dorsal view. (H) Left palpal organ and distal margin of tarsus, prodorsal and slightly proximal view. (I) Same, dorsal and slightly proximal view. (J) Same, retrolateral and slightly distal view. (K) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (L) Tegulum and nearby parts of right palpal organ, same view. (M) Part of left palpal organ, retroventral view; elevated distal edge of tegulum indicated by short arrow, straight, salient proximal tegular edge indicated by long arrow. Scale lines 1.0 mm (A-B; C-D; E-M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761553/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
I-M), in
<taxonomicName box="[1247,1358,1668,1691]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nabang">
<emphasis box="[1247,1358,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. nabang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Yu K. &amp; Zhang F. &amp; Zhang J. - X." pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="36 - 40" refId="ref38634" refString="Yu K., Zhang F., Zhang J. - X. 2021. First new species of the genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 from China (Araneae: Liphistiidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica 30 (1): 36 - 40." type="journal article" year="2021">
Yu
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al</emphasis>
., 2021
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3A-B, D-E) and in males of other species groups. Small females have distinctly annulated legs, in large females the annulations have become indistinct. Variation in the shape of the vulval plate is considerable, especially in shape and size of the anterior lobes and the distance between them, and in the shape of the posterior stalk (
<figureCitation box="[1007,1088,1893,1916]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,186,1817,1838]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,267,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-78@31.[151,1440,255,1768]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius pinlaung (A-J) and Liphistius sp. (specimen from Kalaw; K-L), vulval plates of seven females (all taken from exuviae), dorsal view (A, D, G, I, K) and ventral view (B-C, E-F, H, J, L). (A-B) Moult of 10.II.2019. (C) Moult of 7.XII.2018. (D-E) Moult of 10.IV.2021. (F) Moult of 21.X.2018. (G-H) Moult of 16.V.2020. (I-J) Moult of 8.III.2020. (K-L) Moult of 15.VIII.2017. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761533/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
A-J;
<bibRefCitation author="Aung K. P. P. &amp; Xu X. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu H. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Li D." box="[1144,1347,1893,1916]" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref37364" refString="Aung K. P. P., Xu X., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Yu L., Liu H., Liu F., Li D. 2019. Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Myanmar. ZooKeys 882: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2019">
Aung
<emphasis box="[1214,1272,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5). The posterior margin of the posterior stalk is mostly straight in all three female paratypes illustrated in
<bibRefCitation author="Aung K. P. P. &amp; Xu X. &amp; Lwin W. W. &amp; Sang M. Z. &amp; Yu L. &amp; Liu H. &amp; Liu F. &amp; Li D." pageId="29" pageNumber="403" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref37364" refString="Aung K. P. P., Xu X., Lwin W. W., Sang M. Z., Yu L., Liu H., Liu F., Li D. 2019. Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Myanmar. ZooKeys 882: 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="2019">
Aung
<emphasis box="[831,881,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">et al</emphasis>
. (2019
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5), much like in females of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[904,985,2021,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[151,186,1819,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-9@27.[151,1436,257,2027]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Liphistius birmanicus, vulval plates (all taken from exuviae) of ten females from the type locality (A-M) and of one female from the Shan State (N-O); dorsal view [A, D (with uterus externus attached), G, J, N], ventral view (B-C, E-F, H-I, K-M, O). (A-B) Moult of 6.II.2021. (C) Moult of 27.XII.2020. (D) Moult of 20.XI.2021. (E) Moult of 19.II.2021 (same specimen as D). (F) Moult of 21.II.2021. (G-H) Moult of 25.XII.2020. (I) Moult of 14.V.2021. (J-K) Moult of 20.III.2021. (L) Moult of 26.X.2017. (M) Moult of 24.VIII.2017. (N-O) Moult of 2.IV.2018. Arrows indicating paired lateral pockets of membranous uterus externus. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761529/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), whereas in the females examined by us it ranges from straight (
<figureCitation box="[1091,1169,2054,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,186,1817,1838]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,267,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-78@31.[151,1440,255,1768]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius pinlaung (A-J) and Liphistius sp. (specimen from Kalaw; K-L), vulval plates of seven females (all taken from exuviae), dorsal view (A, D, G, I, K) and ventral view (B-C, E-F, H, J, L). (A-B) Moult of 10.II.2019. (C) Moult of 7.XII.2018. (D-E) Moult of 10.IV.2021. (F) Moult of 21.X.2018. (G-H) Moult of 16.V.2020. (I-J) Moult of 8.III.2020. (K-L) Moult of 15.VIII.2017. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761533/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="403">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
D-E), to widely rounded (
<figureCitation box="[159,245,258,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,186,1817,1838]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,267,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-78@31.[151,1440,255,1768]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius pinlaung (A-J) and Liphistius sp. (specimen from Kalaw; K-L), vulval plates of seven females (all taken from exuviae), dorsal view (A, D, G, I, K) and ventral view (B-C, E-F, H, J, L). (A-B) Moult of 10.II.2019. (C) Moult of 7.XII.2018. (D-E) Moult of 10.IV.2021. (F) Moult of 21.X.2018. (G-H) Moult of 16.V.2020. (I-J) Moult of 8.III.2020. (K-L) Moult of 15.VIII.2017. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761533/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
I-J) and very widely V-shaped (
<figureCitation box="[635,744,258,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,186,1817,1838]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,267,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-78@31.[151,1440,255,1768]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius pinlaung (A-J) and Liphistius sp. (specimen from Kalaw; K-L), vulval plates of seven females (all taken from exuviae), dorsal view (A, D, G, I, K) and ventral view (B-C, E-F, H, J, L). (A-B) Moult of 10.II.2019. (C) Moult of 7.XII.2018. (D-E) Moult of 10.IV.2021. (F) Moult of 21.X.2018. (G-H) Moult of 16.V.2020. (I-J) Moult of 8.III.2020. (K-L) Moult of 15.VIII.2017. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761533/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
). The poreplate of the smallest female examined has an exceptionally small receptacular cluster and relatively large pores (some much larger than the CDO;
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,186,1817,1838]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,267,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-78@31.[151,1440,255,1768]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 16. Liphistius pinlaung (A-J) and Liphistius sp. (specimen from Kalaw; K-L), vulval plates of seven females (all taken from exuviae), dorsal view (A, D, G, I, K) and ventral view (B-C, E-F, H, J, L). (A-B) Moult of 10.II.2019. (C) Moult of 7.XII.2018. (D-E) Moult of 10.IV.2021. (F) Moult of 21.X.2018. (G-H) Moult of 16.V.2020. (I-J) Moult of 8.III.2020. (K-L) Moult of 15.VIII.2017. Scale lines 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761533/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
I-J). This appears to be a general feature of young (immature?) females rather than a case of individual variation in this species. The same female also has a single hair between the poreplate and the posterior stalk, which is unusual for species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[563,684,514,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[563,684,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (but see vulval plates of some species in Peninsular Malaysia,
<bibRefCitation author="Schwendinger P. J." box="[262,484,578,601]" pageId="30" pageNumber="404" pagination="391 - 445" refId="ref38223" refString="Schwendinger P. J. 2017. A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in peninsular Malaysia; part 1. Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2): 391 - 445." type="journal article" year="2017">Schwendinger, 2017</bibRefCitation>
: figs 7, 9, 13, 14I-J).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,756,625,872]" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,318,625,648]" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Relationships:</emphasis>
Despite pronounced differences in body colouration of females and juveniles, similarities in male (especially in the distad-directed proventral contrategular process) and female copulatory organs indicate a close relationship between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[577,705,753,776]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinlaung">
<emphasis box="[577,705,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">L. pinlaung</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,311,785,808]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanicus">
<emphasis box="[151,311,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">L. birmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName box="[333,530,785,808]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hpruso">
<emphasis box="[333,530,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Liphistius hpruso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be very closely related, but that needs to be confirmed by the discovery of its male or by genetic analysis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="404" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="30.[831,1436,258,345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,981,258,281]" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aung, Xu, Lwin, Sang, Yu, Liu, Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[993,1206,258,281]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinlaung">
<emphasis box="[993,1206,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Liphistius pinlaung</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from two localities near Pinlaung Village in the western part of the Shan State (
<figureCitation box="[999,1062,322,345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,186,1431,1452]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-270@7.[151,1436,257,1395]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Localities of species in the Liphistius birmanicus-group in northern Thailand, eastern Myanmar and southern China. Blue lines indicate major rivers, black lines national borders, grey lines major roads." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7761489/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="404" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="30.[831,1437,369,808]" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,927,369,392]" pageId="30" pageNumber="404">Biology:</emphasis>
The specimens examined were collected from earth banks on the sides of a road and of rice fields. All burrows were simple and unbranched, closed by a single trapdoor. The largest trapdoor in females was 2.0 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, those of penultimate males 1.2- 1.7 cm long and 1.7-2.4 cm wide. Burrow entrances had 6-8 signal lines attached, the longest measuring 5 cm. The first three males matured within two weeks after being captured, a fourth one over three months later; maturation in November of the following year and of July of the year after that are presumably due to conditions in captivity. Most females moulted twice per year, in June to July and again in October to December; old females moulted only once per year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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